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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Economic policy and income distribution in China.

"Using the Kakwani interpolation method to reconstruct rural and urban size distributions, the authors present Lorenz curve estimates for Chinese income distribution by period, 1952-1986. The level of inequality is one of the lowest in the world. The change in inequality over time conforms to the experience of other less-developed countries. Although rural inequality increased after 1978, national inequality fell, due to a reduction in the rural-urban income gap."

Asia↗
PubMed2003

Impact of economic policies on reducing tobacco use among Medicaid clients in New York.

BACKGROUND: New York State (NYS) recently implemented Medicaid coverage for prescription pharmacologic adjuncts for cessation and a 55-cent excise tax on a pack of cigarettes. This study examined awareness and use of stop smoking medications and changes in smoking/purchasing behavior among Medicaid clients. METHODS: Participants (n = 173) were English-speaking Medicaid clients ages 18-64 years who currently smoked cigarettes and volunteered to be interviewed while waiting to reregister with the NYC Medicaid Office during early 2001. Data were collected using a brief (10-min) interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Over 80% of Medicaid clients reported some desire to stop smoking and 40% intended to stop smoking in the next 6 months. Awareness of Medicaid coverage for tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy was 7% for nicotine replacement therapy and 13% for bupropion. Use of these stop smoking medications varied across products but in general was low (<10%). Half of the Medicaid clients reported changing their smoking behavior as a result of the cigarette tax increase. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of Medicaid clients report a desire to stop smoking, but these economic influences alone are insufficient to substantially reduce smoking in this population. These findings emphasize the importance of allocating a portion of tobacco tax revenue to promote both expanded awareness of this prescription benefit among Medicaid clients and to support programs to further assist low-income smokers in their attempts to stop smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Economic analysis and pharmaceutical policy.

Economic evaluation, a comparative analysis of alternative actions in terms of costs and consequences, allows rational decisions to be made concerning the deployment of resources (people, time, equipment, facilities and knowledge). Pharmaceutical policy reflects the various objectives of the many social groups, some of which are conflicting. While new methodologies for evaluation of health care programmes still need to gain wider acceptance, resource limitations for both care providers and decision makers make economic analysis an increasingly important tool.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1982

Economic evaluation methods and health policy.

Economic evaluation of health services may take many forms, depending on the range of costs and consequences included in the analysis and the methods employed to measure and value them. In order to clarify the sometimes confusing array of economic analyses for users and evaluations, an analytic overview of costs and consequences to be considered for inclusion in such evaluations is presented. This allows the techniques of cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and cost utility analysis to be differentiated. Two often neglected methodologic issues are also discussed. First, it is suggested that the significance of the analytic viewpoint for economic evaluations should not be underestimated. Second, it is recognized that economic evaluations that demonstrate cost savings from a program or policy change implicitly assume that resources can be removed from the health sector. In fact, this is seldom true, consequently strategies for incorporating this knowledge into evaluations are discussed.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1998

The impact of health economics on health policy in England, and the impact of health policy on health economics, 1972-1997.

This paper contains a review of the impact of health economics on health policy in England during the past 25 years. Some health economists have expressed disappointment with the scale of the impact that health economics has had on policy but the record set out below suggests that there is modest cause for celebration. That is not to say that there is cause for complacency. There is still a long way to go before all important health policies are based on sound economics reasoning and evidence. The paper begins with some definitions and background; it covers nine areas of health policy, and health policy making, where past impacts of health economics have been postulated; it covers briefly the reciprocal impact of health policy on health economics; and it concludes with a discussion about the findings.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The economics of alcohol abuse and alcohol-control policies.

Economic research has contributed to the evaluation of alcohol policy through empirical analysis of the effects of alcohol-control measures on alcohol consumption and its consequences. It has also provided an accounting framework for defining and comparing costs and benefits of alcohol consumption and related policy interventions, including excise taxes. The most important finding from the economics literature is that consumers tend to drink less ethanol, and have fewer alcohol-related problems, when alcoholic beverage prices are increased or alcohol availability is restricted. That set of findings is relevant for policy purposes because alcohol abuse imposes large "external" costs on others. Important challenges remain, including developing a better understanding of the effects of drinking on labor-market productivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Economics and policy of day surgery].

With advances in technology, day surgery has become more efficient and has expanded remarkably due to the policies and economic incentives in some countries. In addition, day surgery could potentially serve as a model of explicit accountability for quality assurance and institutional processes for continuous improvement. It is recommended that Japan adapt its policies and systems to facilitate day surgery after a thorough analysis of the health effects and cost structure. Cost shifts to other services and parties should be considered carefully from a long-term, comprehensive perspective. It could be socially beneficial to subsidize start-up costs for the establishment of day surgery units, since significant capital and human resources are required for quality assurance. The encouragement of day surgery could be a driving force for the improvement of clinical technology and patient quality of life. It would foster collaboration between health service providers, including during preparation and follow-up, and allow patients to participate as partners in clinical processes and decisions. To ensure constant readiness, day surgery environments should be equipped with multisite, standardized databases on clinical and economic performance. An expansion of day surgery facilities could lead to the development of a new mechanism of professional quality improvement and to a new health insurance reimbursement system based on clinical achievements and resources.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗