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Results for “Economic Characteristics”

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PubMed2000

The demographic and socio-economic characteristics of post-1965 immigrants to New York City: a comparative analysis by national origin.

This article analyzes and compares the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of persons born abroad who immigrated to New York City after 1965 and still lived in the City in 1990. Using data from the 1990 Census, the authors classify persons into the 24 largest national origin groups and compare their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (sex, age, educational attainment, labor force participation, unemployment, occupation, income, and poverty). The authors pose and answer three empirical questions. The first question is: What are some of the main differences by national origin in the composition of persons immigrating to New York City after 1965? The second question is: What are some of the main differences in the location of post-1965 immigrants in New York's socioeconomic structure? The third question is: What are some of the differences in the economic rewards received by persons who immigrated to New York City since 1965? The authors find that immigrants with less than a high school education have higher labor force participation rates than the US-born population in the same educational category and also have slightly higher earnings. Immigrants with a high school degree have labor force participation rates close to (or slightly higher than) the average for the US-born population but their incomes are slightly lower than the average income for the US-born population. Immigrants with a college degree have participation rates similar or slightly lower than those of the US-born population while their earnings are significantly lower than those of US-born college graduates.

Americas↗
PubMed2001

[Mortality by social and economic characteristics: The Mortality Study of the Autonomous Community of Madrid].

BACKGROUND: To estimate the effect of marital status, household size, employment status, educational level and occupation on mortality. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: About 3,100,000 persons 24 years and older resident on first of May, 1996 in Autonomous Community of Madrid. For the next 19 months information on individuals who died were obtained by linking Mortality Register and 1996 Population Census. RESULTS: Except for household size, the effect on mortality of characteristics analysed was higher in individuals aged 25 to 44 years than in other group of age. In general, married persons had the lowest mortality, except for men older than 64 years where the lowest mortality was found in the never married category. Men aged 45 to 64 years who lived alone had higher mortality than those who lived with other people, while mortality in people aged older than 64 years increased with household size. Inactive persons had higher mortality than active people. Higher education level and higher skilled occupation were associated with lower mortality, except for women aged 45 to 64 years. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified population groups associated with increased risk of mortality. Monitoring the trend of mortality in those groups will make possible to found the rational basis to implement social and health programmes.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Does gender modify associations between self rated health and the social and economic characteristics of local environments?

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether area level socioeconomic disadvantage and social capital have different relations with women's and men's self rated health. METHODS: The study used data from 15 112 respondents to the 1998 Tasmanian (Australia) healthy communities study (60% response rate) nested within 41 statistical local areas. Gender stratified analyses were conducted of the associations between the index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage (IRSD) and social capital (neighbourhood integration, neighbourhood alienation, neighbourhood safety, political participation, social trust, trust in institutions) and individual level self rated health using multilevel logistic regression analysis before (age only) and after adjustment for individual level confounders (marital status, indigenous status, income, education, occupation, smoking). The study also tested for interactions between gender and area level variables. RESULTS: IRSD was associated with poor self rated health for women (age adjusted p<0.001) and men (age adjusted p<0.001), however, the estimates attenuated when adjusted for individual level variables. Political participation and neighbourhood safety were protective for women's self rated health but not for men's. Interactions between gender and political participation (p = 0.010) and neighbourhood safety (p = 0.023) were significant. CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest that women may benefit more than men from higher levels of area social capital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Deliberate self-harm: clinical and socio-economic characteristics of 368 patients.

In this study 368 patients were interviewed after they had attended the Bristol Royal Infirmary Accident and Emergency Department following a non-fatal act of deliberate self-harm. There were twice as many women (247) as men (121), and two thirds of the patients were in the 15-35 age group. Ninety-five per cent had taken a drug overdose, most commonly one or more of the tranquillizers, antidepressants, hypnotics or analgesics. Seventy-eight per cent had taken drugs prescribed by a doctor. Half the patients mentioned interpersonal conflict as a major precipitating factor in the episode. A psychiatric diagnosis was completed for all admitted patients, of whom 52 per cent were considered to be suffering from neurotic depression, 29 per cent from personality disorder, 12 per cent from functional psychosis and 10 per cent from alcohol addiction. Almost half had deliberately harmed themselves on a previous occasion. The series showed a greater than average incidence of unemployment, overcrowded living conditions, divorce and antisocial behaviour. The implications of these findings for the clinical management and prevention of non-fatal deliberate self-harm are discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗