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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The pathogenesis of vesicular exanthema of swine virus and San Miguel sea lion virus in swine.

Vesicular exanthema of swine virus type A48 or San Miguel sea lion virus type 2, when inoculated intradermally into swine, resulted in fluid-filled vesicles at the sites of inoculation in the snout, coronary band, and tongue. Pigs that developed vesicles also had fevers. Secondary vesicle formation varied, depending on virus serotype. Viremia was found in one pig infected with San Miguel sea lion virus five days after infection. Virus was recovered from nasal-oral passages for up to five days after infection in both groups of pigs and from the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts of pigs infected with San Miguel sea lion virus. Neutralizing antibodies began to increase three days after inoculation and reached peak titers in seven to ten days. In the absence of secondary bacterial infection, healing was well advanced by ten days after inoculation. Lesions usually were limited to nonhaired portions of the integument and tongue. Individual epithelial cells became infected when a break in the skin allowed virus access to susceptible epithelial cells from either exogenous or endogenous sources. Individual infected cells ruptured and adjacent cells were infected, resulting in the formation of multiple microvesicles. Centrifugal coalescence of microvesicles led to formation of grossly visible macrovesicles. Lesions rarely developed from viral contamination of intact hair follicles. A mild virus-induced encephalitis was seen in pigs infected with vesicular exanthema of swine virus, and virus was recovered from brain tissue of pigs infected with San Miguel sea lion virus.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Exanthema and acute anuric renal failure.

A 15-year-old girl with a history of Kawasaki disease was admitted to our nephrological department due to acute renal failure. Despite antibiotic therapy because of fever and the symptoms of a pharyngitis in the last few days, the girl showed persisting fever and developed arthralgias, an exanthema and a rising serum creatinine as well as anuria. A wide variety of differential diagnoses has to be thought of because of the history of the Kawasaki disease (symptoms like fever, pharyngitis, exanthema and arthralgia), i.e. hemolytic-uremic syndrome, vasculitis, ascending infection, postinfection glomerulonephritis. In consideration of etiologically unclear "rapidly progressive renal failure" with anuria and thrombocytopenia an immediate renal biopsy was done and revealed a severe drug induced acute interstitial nephritis. Due to this diagnosis we treated the patient with corticosteroids. Within 4 weeks serum creatinine declined to 1.8 mg/dl but did not normalize.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2006

Possible macular exanthema associated with linezolid therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of macular exanthema associated with linezolid therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old white man diagnosed as having laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma attended our emergency department because of fatigue, fever, neck pain and a fistulized fixed mass in the right side of the neck with purulent exudation. Treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 875 mg/125 mg p.o. every 8 hours as empirical therapy was started. Cultures of the exudates from the fistula confirmed the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was discontinued and therapy was started with linezolid 600 mg p.o. every 12 hours but 5 days after commencing linezolid the patient came to our emergency room because of generalized erythematous macular eruptions. A diagnosis of severe and generalized macular exanthema induced by linezolid was made. Administration of linezolid was suspended and there was an improvement in the skin lesions and general state of health. The patient was discharged without further symptoms. DISCUSSION: In this case, there was a close temporal correlation between drug exposure and the onset of symptoms. When linezolid was discontinued, the skin lesions resolved quickly and the general condition of the patient improved. Furthermore, linezolid was the only drug added before the cutaneous lesions appeared. It is possible that the adverse reaction was associated with administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. However, the patient had been treated with this antibiotic previously without appearance of any cutaneous reaction. An objective causality assessment revealed that an adverse effect was possible. CONCLUSION: Based on our observations, we conclude that linezolid was the most likely cause of the adverse reaction. Clinicians should be aware of this infrequent but severe reaction.

Acetamides↗
PubMed2000

[Drug-induced exanthemas].

Drug-induced exanthemas are probably the most frequent cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Outcome of the isolated forms are usually favourable. However, exanthemas may be part of a more severe form, as hypersensitivity syndrome, Lyell syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome or acute generalized exanthematic pustulosis. The mechanism is essentially immunologic. Antibiotics (aminopenicillins, antibacterial sulfamides, antituberculosis drugs) must be considered high risk drugs. Treatment is only symptomatic. Corticosteroids must be avoided.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1992

Serology versus clinical signs or symptoms and main laboratory findings in the diagnosis of exanthema subitum (roseola infantum).

Twenty-five patients with clinical exanthema subitum (roseola infantum) were enrolled into a study, where acute-phase and convalescent sera were examined for antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), several other viruses, and other microbes. In addition, an acute-phase fecal specimen was examined for viruses by electron microscopy. Confirmative or suggestive serologic evidence for recent HHV-6 infection was obtained in 23 (92%) cases. Conversion to HHV-6 was found in 19 (76%), a diagnostic (greater than or equal to 4-fold) titer rise in 2, a twofold titer rise in 1, and a stable relatively high titer in 1 of the patients; only 2 (8%) individuals remained negative. The other microbial assays produced only two slight mycoplasma antibody rises and one rotavirus identification in the fecal specimen. It is concluded that if the clinical diagnosis of exanthema subitum is deemed doubtful, HHV-6 infection is verifiable in about 75% of the cases by serology.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

[Occurrence of allergic diseases in children with neonatal allergic exanthema].

In 1990 in the allergological ambulatory department for children in Trencín 263 children were examined, born during the first half of 1981 and second half of 1982 who suffered during the first days after delivery from exanthema allergicum. In 186 children i.e. 71%, by the age of 8 and 9 years late allergies developed. The authors investigate various factors in the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal period and compare possible relations with the development of late allergic manifestation in children with exanthema allergicum neonatorum.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[Fever and exanthema as manifestations of the second stage of syphilis].

A man aged 30 had been suffering from episodes of fever for several weeks. He had diarrhoea and had developed generalized maculopapular exanthema that also affected the palms of his hands and soles of his feet. After viral causes were excluded the symptoms proved to be caused by syphilis. His condition was complicated by uveitis. The patient recovered after a single dose of benzyl penicillin and local mydratics and corticosteroid eye drops. The incidence of syphilis is rising and its clinical spectrum is broad. Therefore in patients with fever and exanthema of unknown origin this disease should be considered. One should be aware of the wide variety of complications that can result from syphilis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Vesicular exanthema of swine.

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES) was first recognized in 1932. At the time, eradication measures and, later, quarantine procedures were instituted and extension of the disease to surrounding farms appeared to have been prevented. Between 1932 and 1936, however, seemingly unrelated epizootics continued among swine herds being fed raw garbage. In 1936, VES disappeared only to reappear in 1939. The disease was contained within California until 1952, at which time it spread to all the major swine producing areas of the United States. The disease was eradicated in 1959, through the enforcement of laws prohibiting the feeding of raw garbage to swine. Other than the association with raw garbage, a reservoir for VES virus (VESV) was never found. In 1972, a virus isolated from California sea lions--and thus named the San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV)--proved to be distinguishable from VESV. When SMSV was injected into swine, clinical signs of vesicular exanthema developed, leading to the conclusion that, for all practical purposes, SMSV and VESV were the same. To date, 5 species of marine mammals and 2 species of terrestrial mammals, including feral swine, have been shown to possess antibodies to 1 or more of the 4 distinct SMSV serotypes. Current evidence suggests that SMSV infections occur among both terrestrial and marine mammals inhabiting the California coastal zones. This and the practice of shipping frozen meats known to contain SMSV to mink ranches in Utah point to the possibility that domestic swine in the United States are occasionally being exposed to SMSV. Although marine mammals are a source of SMSV, the primary virus reservoir is thought to be 1 or more submammalian marine species common to the southern California coastline. Such a primary reservoir presumably is the source of a new SMSV serotypes infecting marine mammals and may have been the original source of the VESV serotypes that infected swine through the intermediary of raw garbage.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1976

Vesicular exanthema of swine and San Miguel sea lion virus.

San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV), recently isolated from marine mammals, and vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV), which caused epizootics of vesicular exanthema of swine (VES) over a period of 24 years (1932 to 1956), may be the same virus. This finding is of particular interest because the source of the original VES epizootic was never identified, swine were the only known natural host of VESV, and VESV was thought to have been eradicated. The SMSV has been shown to be enzootic in 2 species of marine mammals found off the coast of California and to cause lesions in swine that are indistinguishable from those caused by VESV. Therefore, we should be alert to recognize situations in which swine might become exposed to SMSV and to consider SMSV in differential diagnoses of vesicular conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Comment on the contribution by L. Weber: Yersinia exanthema].

Lutz Weber has described Yersinia exanthema, a distinctive dermatological disorder characterized by three or all of the following signs: 1. A typical erythema-multiforme-like eruption, particularly on the neck, shoulders, and arms, 2. Erythema nodosum, 3. Conjunctivitis, particularly on the nasal side of the conjunctiva, 4. Arthralgia. The case presented here concerns a patient who satisfied all of the criteria for Yersinia exanthema and in whom no infection could be demonstrated.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fixed exanthema due to paracetamol.

Fixed exanthema represents 10% of the adverse reactions to medications. Up to 80% of the cases are caused by drugs. The lesions are frequently located on the genitals, perianal region, limbs and oral mucosa, in descending order of frequency. We describe the case of a 36-year-old man who developed fixed exanthema following administration of paracetamol.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2002

Severe anaphylactic shock without exanthema in a case of unknown latex allergy and review of the literature.

We describe a case of severe anaphylactic shock without exanthema in an 8-year-old boy who was undergoing elective surgery for an ileostomy. The boy had a history of four anorectal operations in the newborn period, but no history of allergies. Sudden, profound bronchospasm and cardiorespiratory collapse occurred 30 min after the beginning of the operation. No signs of exanthema or urticaria were seen. The patient was resuscitated successfully and remained ventilated for 25 h. During this time, he needed epinephrine in dosages of 0.3-0.05 microg.kg-1.min-1. Radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests for the patient were positive Cap Class 3 and 4, and specific immunoglobulin E was highly positive, suggesting a natural rubber latex allergy as the cause of the anaphylactic shock. Ethylene oxide was negative. Eleven days later, a further operation was performed with a strict latex-free protocol in the presence of histamine 1 and 2 receptor antagonists. On this occasion, the intraoperative course was uneventful. Incidence of anaphylactic reactions, prevalence of latex sensitization, special risk groups and management are discussed.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2006

Enhanced chickenpox exanthema in vaccine injection site.

Exacerbation of viral exanthema has been described after different types of aggression. We report a case of enhanced chickenpox exanthema occurring in the vaccination site of an otherwise healthy boy. Specific local inflammatory modifications may explain the increased number of varicella skin lesions on the site of a previous vaccine-induced inflammation.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1996

[Cough, fever and exanthema].

We report on a 29-year-old female patient who developed a dolent nodular exanthema on both lower legs after a prolonged respiratory infection of about 14 days. The chest X-ray showed a distinct enlargement of the left hilus and reduced transparency in the left upper pulmonary lobe. These findings were interpreted as pneumonia with para-infectious erythema nodosum. The serology showed IgM antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae. Therapy with a macrolide antibiotic led to a rapidly improved general condition and also to the disappearance of the exanthema. There are some reports on single cases with erythema nodosum accompanying an infection with chlamydia pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Development of PCR primers for specific amplification of two distinct regions of the genomes of San Miguel sea-lion and vesicular exanthema of swine viruses.

The San Miguel sea-lion viruses (SMSV) and vesicular exanthema of swine viruses (VESV) are members of the calicivirus family and aetiologic agents of vesicular disease in susceptible hosts. These two virus groups have been shown by several serological methods to be closely related antigenically. To further examine their relatedness, two sets of non-degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed for the specific amplification of two distinct regions of the SMSV and VESV genomes using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol. The sequence of the primers were based on the nucleotide sequence of SMSV serotypes 1 and 4. The RNAs from a number of SMSV serotypes and a single VESV isolate were used as template in this study. These included SMSV serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 14 and VESV serotype A48. Also included in this study were Tillamook calicivirus (Bos-1 calicivirus, BCV) and a recently isolated skunk calicivirus (SCV). The first primer set amplified a 357-bp fragment from the 2C-like or RNA-helicase-encoding region (11 of 11 viruses) and the second set amplified a fragment from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region (520 bp, 9 of 11 viruses). These primer sets did not amplify product from either feline calicivirus or mink calicivirus. The results of this study demonstrate the genetic relatedness of SMSV and VESV and the potential usefulness of RT-PCR to detect and identify these viruses in diagnostic and routine screening applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of the serologic relationship among San Miguel sea lion virus and vesicular exanthema of swine virus isolates. Application of the western blot assay for detection of antibodies in swine sera to these virus types.

Caliciviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a single capsid protein. The serotypes of the marine mammal calicivirus, San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV), are antigenically related to vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) and are potentially hazardous to swine. Western blot assays using purified SMSV serotypes 1 and 4 were used to further examine the serologic relationship among SMSV and VESV isolates. With the exception of SMSV 8 and SMSV 12, rabbit polyclonal antisera generated against all the available SMSV and VESV isolates reacted positively, as assessed by western blot, with purified capsid protein from SMSV 1 and SMSV 4. Consequently, the SMSV 8 and SMSV 12 virus isolates may not be members of the SMSV/VESV calicivirus group. Using antisera from pigs experimentally inoculated with SMSV and VESV as positive controls, a western blot assay for these virus types was utilized to check for the presence of antibodies to calciviruses in swine sera. Sera from colostrum-deprived gnotobiotic pigs were used as a negative control in all experiments. Examination of sera from domestic and feral swine collected in Iowa, California, and Florida was completed using this technique. The presence of antibodies to these virus types was not detected in any of the porcine sera tested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 in different age groups, in children with exanthema subitum, other acute exanthematous childhood diseases, Kawasaki syndrome, and acute infections with other herpesviruses and HIV.

We determined IgG antibodies against Human Herpesvirus-6 (strain Uganda 1102, M. D. Griffin, London) in the indirect immunofluorescence test in sera from 1105 persons of various age groups. Of these sera 570 were retested using HHV-6 strain St. W. (Prof. Schneweis, Bonn). We could confirm that maternal antibodies decrease between birth and six months of age and the seropositive rate rises rapidly between seven months and five years of age up to 79.5%. Between six and ten years and up to 40 years, the antibody-positive rate lies around 81.3% and 66%, respectively. To confirm the causal nature of human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) for exanthema subitum we could demonstrate eight seroconversions testing sera from 14 patients with roseola infantum. In addition, the virus was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of children during the acute fever phase in four cases in tissue culture and in six cases the virus was detected by positive hybridization. In single and some paired sera from patients with acute exanthematous diseases, rubella (n = 28), parvovirus B 19 (n = 24), measles (n = 17), mumps (n = 27), adenovirus (n = 27) and parinfluenza virus type 3 (n = 28) and in sera from patients with Kawasaki syndrome (n = 20), acute varicella-zoster- (n = 27), acute herpes simplex- (n = 18) and HIV-1 infection (n = 50), we found no HHV-6 IgM antibodies and no HHV-6 IgG antibody rises. We could only demonstrate an HHV-6 seropositive rate according to our age-prevalence study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗