Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ESTHETICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Evaluation of esthetic parameters of resin-modified glass-ionomer materials and a polyacid-modified resin composite in Class V cervical lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the esthetics of 3 resin-modified glass-ionomer materials and 1 polyacid-modified resin composite to the esthetics of a conventional glass-ionomer control material. METHOD AND MATERIALS: One hundred eighty-seven Class V cervical restorations were observed clinically over 18 months. The esthetic index system that was used evaluated color match, translucency or opacity, and surface roughness. RESULTS: The tested materials behaved very dissimilarly and inconsistently. In general, the esthetic results of the resin-modified glass-ionomer materials and the polyacid-modified resin composite were far from optimal. The esthetic appearance of restorations seriously deteriorated during clinical service, mainly because of discoloration of margins, changes in translucency and opacity, and rapidly appearing roughness or dullness on the surface. Both the resin-modified glass-ionomer materials and the polyacid-modified resin composite evaluated in this study performed better esthetically than did the conventional glass-ionomer material. CONCLUSION: Indications for these combination materials are limited to areas where esthetics is not a primary concern but where their ease of application may guarantee a more durable functional result.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term clinical performance of esthetic primary molar crowns.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to report the long-term clinical performance of esthetic primary molar crowns and compare them to that of stainless steel crowns (SSC). METHODS: Twenty crowns (10 conventional and 10 esthetic) placed in 10 children who had participated in a previously reported study, were assessed again after 4 years. The crowns were evaluated clinically and radiographically according to the following parameters: gingival health, marginal extension, crown adequacy, proper occlusion, proximal contact, chipping of the facing (for esthetic crowns only), and cement removal. RESULTS: At the 4 year evaluation, all the esthetic crowns showed chipping of the facing. No difference was found for marginal extension, occlusion, crown adequacy and periodontal health between SSCs and the esthetic crowns. CONCLUSIONS: After 4 years, all the esthetic crowns presented chipping of the facing and, consequently, a very poor esthetic appearance.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents.

The objective of this study was to examine the contribution of objective measures representing anterior-posterior and vertical characteristics, dental esthetics, or their combination that are used in daily orthodontic practice in the assessment of facial esthetics. A panel of 78 laymen evaluated facial esthetics of 32 boys and 32 girls, stratified over the four Angle classes, on a visual analogue scale. The relation between the objective parameters and facial esthetics was evaluated by backward multiple regression analysis. Dental esthetics as expressed by the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (AC/IOTN) appeared to be the most important indicator for facial esthetics. A new parameter, the "horizontal sum" was found to be a reliable variable for the anterior-posterior characteristics of the patient. Addition of this newly defined parameter to the AC/IOTN improved the prognostic value from 25% to 31%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The 5-year clinical performance of direct composite additions to correct tooth form and position. I. Esthetic qualities.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the esthetic performance of direct composite additions in correcting tooth form and position at 5 years. Composite additions were directly placed using the acid-etch technique and enamel bonding on 87 intact maxillary anterior teeth in 23 young patients (12-19 years old). The restorations were made by one operator using an ultrafine midway-filled densified restorative composite. Color slides were made at baseline and 5 years. At the 5-year recall, esthetic performance was assessed clinically by two evaluators at chair-side in subterms of color match, translucency/opacity, surface roughness, and anatomical form. Five additional examiners scored esthetics on the 5-year slides. Of the restorations, 89% were still esthetically satisfactory after 5 years of clinical service. The remaining restorations needed replacement, mainly because of severe loss of anatomical form, to a lesser degree because of severe color mismatch. Central incisors and small unilateral restorations generally showed the best results concerning color match (68% and 74%, respectively) and surface smoothness (84% and 100%, respectively). The slide scores on color match and translucency/opacity were generally similar or somewhat better than the direct clinical scores; however, the difference were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). As far as surface roughness is concerned, the results were significantly better (P < 0.05) when recorded indirectly than by direct clinical evaluation. In conclusion, direct composite additions are a valuable and effective procedure for esthetic and conservative treatment of malformed and misaligned anterior teeth. Loss of anatomical form due to wear points to a shortcoming of the composite material used, with which a durable esthetic result cannot always be guaranteed in the long term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Treatment options to optimize display of anterior dental esthetics in the patient with the aged lip.

PURPOSE: With aging a number of predictable changes occur in the upper and lower lips that act to mask otherwise esthetic dental procedures including dental implants, gingival esthetic surgery, and optimal dental restorations. The purpose of this article is to show how lip modification can be used to enhance the esthetic appearance of the patient, with specific attention to esthetic dental smile line characteristics. METHOD: Proper evaluation and diagnosis of senile lip changes, such as lip atrophy, loss of lip architecture, and lip lengthening lead to a reliable treatment plan that provides a more esthetic frame to view the oral aperture. Treatment options will be discussed that act to reverse these problems. Directed lip augmentation procedures are used to correct loss of lip volume and architecture. The subnasal lip lift technique is presented as a method to correct lip lengthening. Risks and limitations of these procedures are addressed. CONCLUSION: Safe and reliable methods are presented that can improve and rejuvenate the lip complex, thus allowing for optimal display of dental esthetics.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Smile esthetics after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction of four first premolars.

Standardized frontal photographs were taken of the face during smiling for 60 retention patients; 20 from each of three different private orthodontic practices. Thirty patients had been treated with extraction of four first premolars, and 30 with full edgewise appliances but no extractions. Smile esthetics were judged by a panel of 10 laypersons. There were no significant differences in the mean esthetic score of extraction and nonextraction patients. The only variable that strongly predicted the esthetics of extraction patients was the office in which they were treated, indicating that there may be a significant difference among practitioners in the esthetic outcome of four premolar extraction treatment. Variables related to the "buccal corridor" or other measures of the relationship between the width of the dentition and the width of the mouth during a smile showed no relationship to extraction esthetics. The results indicate that there is no predictable relationship between the extraction of premolars and the esthetics of the smile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Esthetically objectionable fluorosis attributable to water fluoridation.

OBJECTIVE: We compared estimates of fluorosis prevalence and risk attributable to fluoridation using an index applied to the entire dentition and to the maxillary anterior teeth. We also estimated the prevalence of perceived esthetic problems attributable to current fluoridation policy (Attributable Burden). METHODS: Fluorosis prevalence estimates were obtained from the National Survey of Oral Health in US School Children (1986-87) for the 1839 survey children aged 12 -14 years who were scored for fluorosis, had never received fluoride drops or tablets, and had lived in only one home. For each child we calculated Dean's fluorosis index, and an anterior fluorosis index (value of the highest scored maxillary anterior tooth). We used each index to calculate risk of fluorosis attributable to fluoridation by subtracting at each level of severity the prevalence of fluorosis among those living in low fluoride areas (F <or= 0.3 ppm) from the prevalence among those living in optimally fluoridated areas (0.7 ppm F <or=1.2 ppm). Findings from five published studies were used to calculate risk of perceived esthetic problem attributable to fluorosis, by severity, i.e. the difference in the mean percentage of respondents who were satisfied with the appearance of their teeth with and without fluorosis. Finally, Attributable Burden was estimated by summing the products of risk of perceived esthetic problems attributable to fluorosis and risk of fluorosis attributable to fluoridation for each level of fluorosis severity. RESULTS: Prevalence of fluorosis, very mild or greater, was 26% with Dean's Index, which was significantly higher than the 18% figure calculated with the anterior index. Using the anterior index, fluoridation was a risk factor for very mild (attributable risk = 15%) and mild fluorosis (attributable risk = 3%). Risk of fluorosis (very mild or greater) attributable to fluoridation was significantly higher when calculated from prevalence estimates using Dean's Index than estimates calculated with the anterior index (24% versus 18%). The mean values of risk of perceived esthetic problems attributable to very mild and mild fluorosis were 9% and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We found that approximately 2% of US schoolchildren may experience perceived esthetic problems which could be attributed to the currently recommended levels of fluoride in drinking water. The findings further suggest that both estimates of fluorosis prevalence and risk of fluorosis attributable to fluoridation will be higher when calculated with an index applied to the entire dentition. Data were unavailable for fluoridated toothpaste and diluted formula consumption, thus the risk of fluorosis attributable to fluoridation may be overestimated if consumption was higher in fluoridated areas. The risk of perceived esthetic problems attributable to fluoridation must be weighed against its lifetime benefits and the associated costs of alternative solutions such as educating parents about appropriate toothpaste use and lowering the fluoride content of children's toothpaste.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Influence of stainless steel inserts on the resistance to sliding of esthetic brackets with second-order angulation in the dry and wet states.

Stainless steel (SS) inserts have been added to plastic, ceramic, and composite brackets to improve their frictional characteristics while preserving their esthetic appeal. When coupled with SS archwires, the resistances to sliding of esthetic brackets with and without SS inserts were compared with control brackets of SS. The resistances to sliding were measured in both the dry and wet (saliva) states at 32 second-order angles between -12 and + 12 degrees. When clearances existed between the walls of the brackets and the archwires, the resistances to sliding for the esthetic brackets without inserts were between 38 cN in the dry state and 73 cN in the wet state; those of the esthetic brackets with inserts ranged from 42 cN in the dry state to 65 cN in both states. The resistances to sliding of the SS brackets equaled 38 and 52 cN in the dry and wet states, respectively. When clearances no longer existed, the resistances to sliding for the esthetic brackets with and without inserts generally increased with angulation at a rate equal to or greater than that of the SS brackets--except for the polycarbonate (PC) brackets in the dry state. Because PC brackets without inserts elastically deformed, they had lower resistances to sliding when deformation occurred. For the polycrystalline alumina brackets without inserts, the resistances to sliding increased rapidly and nonlinearly as angulation increased above 4.8 degrees. Upon examination, the presence of scratches on the archwires and SS debris on the brackets was observed. The addition of these particular SS inserts did not considerably improve the resistance to sliding over those esthetic brackets without inserts.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed2003

Nobel Perfect esthetic scalloped implant: rationale for a new design.

BACKGROUND: Over the past 20 years, there have been relatively few changes in implant designs. Most systems are manufactured from commercially pure titanium with turned threads, are sprayed with plasma, are coated with hydroxyapatite, or have an oxide surface. The majority of dental implants have not been designed for differing bone morphologies. Today patients have high esthetic demands that require modifications of implant designs to fulfill their expectations. PURPOSE: This article evaluates the problems encountered when trying to achieve an optimum esthetic outcome with dental implants. Implants and abutment designs, biologic width, ridge anatomy, and timing of implant placement all affect esthetic results. Each of these factors is discussed and is related to the introduction of a new scalloped implant design. The purpose of the scalloped design is to keep or create interdental bony peaks that support the soft tissue, thereby maintaining or creating interimplant papillae. METHODS: Clinical documentation of patients treated with the scalloped implant is presented. The esthetic outcome can be determined by comparing clinical documentation prior to and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The scalloped implant provides clinicians and patients with the option of improving esthetic outcomes. Placement and restoration of this implant are important when planning implant treatment in the esthetic zone.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2006

Esthetic potential of single-implant provisional restorations: selection criteria of available alternatives.

UNLABELLED: Provisional implant restorations are essential tools used to optimize the esthetic outcomes for single-tooth implant restorations. This article describes three groups of available alternatives and the specific options within each group including removable prostheses (interim removable partial denture, vacuum-formed appliance), tooth-supported prostheses (bonded extracted or denture teeth, cast metal or fiber-reinforced resin-bonded fixed partial denture [FPD], wire-retained resin-bonded FPD, acrylic resin provisional FPD), and implant-supported fixed prostheses (implant-retained provisional restoration). Advantages and disadvantages as well as fabrication guidelines for each option are provided. The author proposes that the restorative dentist consider eight criteria in selecting the most appropriate type of provisional prosthesis for a specific patient situation including the esthetic potential, patient comfort, treatment time, laboratory cost, occlusal clearance, ease of removal, durability, and ease of modification. The patient's esthetic expectations are critical in determining the most suitable type of provisional restoration. Esthetically pleasing provisional restorations are part of the evolving implant continuum, making implant dentistry more appealing to practicing dentists and potential patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Provisional restorations for single implants have evolved from temporary expedients during osseous and soft tissue integration to critical therapeutic tools used to assess patient expectations, communicate with the laboratory, and optimize definitive implant treatment. The selection of the type of provisional restoration may significantly influence esthetics during the period of implant integration and soft tissue healing. However, it is unlikely that there is a direct correlation between the type of provisional restoration used and the esthetic outcome of the definitive prosthesis.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1988

Professional ethics and esthetic dentistry.

Esthetic dentistry has assumed an integral position in the provision of oral health care for society. Esthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with beauty. Beauty is both enjoyable (subjective and cosmetic), and admirable (objective and definable). Ethics is a branch of philosophy dealing with morality. Morality relates humans to one another in a responsible way using rationality. Dentists assume unique moral duties in presenting themselves to society as being uniquely qualified to care for their oral health. Three principles of ethics relate directly to professional duties in esthetic dentistry: beneficence, autonomy, and justice. These principles have moral force in committing dentists to gain informed consent and to execute therapy in keeping with professional standards of care. Practical application of issues deriving from esthetics and ethics suggests that dentists must be sensitive to esthetics in their diagnosis and treatment planning and that a structured, formal consultation with a patient must be conducted to educate the patient regarding the goals of treatment, alternative therapies, prognosis, and costs. Only through such an effort can dentists gain informed consent. The goal of esthetic dentistry is the achievement of admirable (objective) and enjoyable (subjective) beauty, which is possible only through patient participation in decision making and excellence in technical performance.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed2002

Survey of undergraduate esthetic courses in U.S. and Canadian dental schools.

U.S. and Canadian dental schools were surveyed regarding curriculum issues related to undergraduate dental esthetic restorative courses. A one-page survey instrument was sent to deans of academic affairs (n=59) of dental schools to complete or forward to the most appropriate faculty at their respective schools who would be knowledgeable about the esthetic restorative curriculum. Responses were received from forty-two dental schools (42/59) for a response rate of 72.9 percent. The first part of the survey asked if a specific esthetic restorative course was offered at their school, if it was mandatory or elective, and details of the course length and content. The second part of the survey asked whether selected esthetic restorative procedures were included in the curriculum. Respondents to this survey indicated that most types of esthetic restorative procedures are taught whether or not an esthetic course is included in the curriculum.

Canada↗
PubMed2002

The effect of multicolored machinable ceramics on the esthetics of all-ceramic crowns.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS: Computer-aided design/computer-assisted machining systems offer the possibility of fabricating restorations from one machinable ceramic block. Whether multishaded blocks improve esthetic results and are a viable alternative to individually stained ceramics has not been fully determined. PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of multishaded blocks on the esthetic appearance of all-ceramic CEREC crowns and compare these crowns with single-shade and stained restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten subjects were included in this study. For each subject, 6 different crowns were milled with the use of a CEREC machine. One crown was milled from each of the following machinable ceramic materials: CEREC Vitablocs Mark II in classic colors; Vitablocs Mark II in 3D-Master colors; Vitablocs Mark II in either classic or 3D-Master colors, with additional staining; Megadenta Bloxx multishaded; Mark II experimental multilayer; and an experimental multilayer leucite ceramic. Three independent examiners assessed the esthetic appearance of crowns fabricated to match each subject's anterior tooth shade. A scale of 1 to 6 was used to score the shade match and esthetic adaptation of each crown, with 1 representing excellent characteristics and 3.5 serving as the threshold for clinical acceptability. The examiners' scores were averaged, and the mean values were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test (P<or=.05). RESULTS: Only individually stained Mark II restorations achieved a mean score below the threshold of 3.5 for all 10 subjects. These restorations were significantly more esthetic (P<or=.05) than restorations fabricated from all other materials except the Mark II experimental multilayer ceramic. The second best results were obtained for crowns made from single-shaded Mark II 3D-Master blocks: 6 out of 10 restorations were scored below 3.5. Two of the layered materials (Mark II experimental and Bloxx) followed with 5 acceptable restorations out of 10. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the results provide no evidence that multicolored machinable ceramics improve the esthetics of all-ceramic crowns.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1991

Current developments in esthetic dentistry.

Current developments in esthetic dentistry center around new techniques and materials that improve the clinician's ability to provide esthetic services. These developments include the availability of improved composites for anterior and posterior use, a new generation of dentin bonding agents, bonded ceramic restorations, and more efficient and predictable ways to whiten teeth. There is a better understanding of factors contributing to the esthetic value of restoration as well as their longevity. New bonding techniques to dentin enable practitioners to perform difficult restorative procedures in a conservative manner, producing results that are highly esthetic and physiologically tolerable. The use of dental porcelains has expanded from the traditional applications in crowns and bridges to veneers, inlays, onlays and all-porcelain bridges that are directly bonded to teeth. Computer-designed and fabricated inlays and onlays are now an available treatment modality, with a reported 3-years follow-up looking very promising. The increasing public demand for esthetic dental procedures has made the discipline a significant part of dental practice and boosted interests and understanding of procedures, such as tooth bleaching and peridontal surgery, for improved esthetics.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1988

Use of mucogingival surgical procedures to enhance esthetics.

The procedures outlined herein deal primarily with improving esthetics. The importance of esthetics in periodontics is most apparent in patients with a high lip line. Current mucogingival procedures provide the surgeon with the capability to have a major role in the total treatment of complex restorative cases. Periodontal considerations must be included as an integral part of esthetic dentistry. A complete examination of the patient must include a thorough periodontal evaluation. In addition to the usual detection of periodontal pockets and inflammation indicative of periodontal disease, the examination should include a thorough mucogingival evaluation for detection of the following: (1) inadequate keratinized gingiva; (2) gingival recession; (3) excessive gingival display; (4) insufficient clinical crown length; (5) asymmetric gingival margins; (6) flat marginal contour; (7) improper gingival margin relationships; (8) lack of harmony of gingival margins with the lip line; and (9) alveolar ridge deficiencies. Mucogingival surgical procedures should be performed after control of all etiologic factors and in concert with the restorative therapy so that the surgery can produce the most desirable esthetic result. It must be understood that the location and contour of the gingival margin and its relationship to adjacent margins are as important to the final esthetic result as the location, form, and relationship of the incisal margins of the anterior teeth. Attention to the total dental display as framed by the smile, with appropriate mucogingival analysis and treatment, is necessary to achieve the most satisfying esthetic results.

Alveoloplasty↗
PubMed2006

A survey of edentulous patient preference among different denture esthetic concepts.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Despite the fact that solutions to functional problems are available, successfully restoring the appearance of an edentulous patient remains a challenge. PURPOSE: The aim of this survey was to determine if edentulous respondents could differentiate among three denture esthetic concepts and if there was an overall preference among the three. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six edentulous test subjects were selected based on age and smile criteria. One wax tooth arrangement was completed according to each of the three esthetic concepts for a total of three wax tooth arrangements per test subject. The three esthetic concepts followed were natural, supernormal, and denture look. Standardized full-face digital photographs were made of each arrangement (three) during maximum smile for each subject (six). These 18 photographs were included in a questionnaire. Respondents were asked questions about their preference among the three randomly ordered concept photographs for each of the six subjects. A total of 147 completed questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-six percent of respondents were able to differentiate among the three esthetic denture concepts. Natural tooth arrangements were preferred by 55% of the respondents, supernormal tooth arrangements were preferred by 19%, and the denture look arrangements were preferred by 26%. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this survey, the questionnaire respondents differentiated between the three esthetic denture concepts. The tooth arrangement most closely resembling the anatomical average was selected by 55% of the respondents. Preference for a particular concept changed when responses to each test subject set were considered individually. Demographic factors do not significantly affect patient preference. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Three esthetic concepts for complete denture construction have been differentiated. Questionnaire respondents preferred appearances that are far from the anatomical average 45% of the time.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Margin placement of esthetic veneer crowns. Part IV: Postoperative patient attitudes.

Ninety-one subjects with a total of 196 esthetic veneer crowns with visible gingival margins were surveyed. An esthetic analysis of crown margins showing with a normal smile and an exaggerated smile was performed and recorded. Patient satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the esthetic veneer crowns was assessed. The conclusions of this study support the results reported in the first three parts of this study, indicate that satisfactory results can be obtained on many individuals when the crown margins of esthetic veneer crowns are placed supragingivally, and support the philosophy that individual patient education and analysis are essential to the selection of optimum margin placement when esthetic veneer crowns are the treatment of choice.

Attitude↗
PubMed2006

Implants in the esthetic zone.

To achieve a successful esthetic result and good patient satisfaction,implant placement in the esthetic zone demands a thorough under-standing of anatomic, biologic, surgical, and prosthetic principles. The ability to achieve harmonious, indistinguishable prosthesis from adjacent natural teeth in the esthetic zone is sometimes challenging. Placement of dental implants in the esthetic zone is a technique-sensitive procedure with little room for error. Guidelines are presented for ideal implant positioning and for a variety of therapeutic modalities that can be implemented for addressing different clinical situations involving replacement of missing teeth in the esthetic zone.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗