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[Treatment for dry socket].
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[Prevention and treatment of dry socket].
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[Overview of the problem of dry socket].
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[Etiopathology of dry socket: current data].
This review of the literature presents the current data and controversies regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of dry socket. After presenting arguments which support the theory of clot non-formation and those supporting its malformation, the thesis of fibrinolysis is discussed along with its mechanisms and origins. Finally, the various factors which could encourage this pathology are reviewed and the therapeutic and preventive management are presented.
The relationship of "shisha" (water pipe) smoking to postextraction dry socket.
PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine whether "shisha" (water pipe) smokers (SS) were at a different risk of developing dry socket (DS) than were cigarette smokers (CS) or nonsmokers (NS) and to assess the effect of preoperative and postoperative smoking habits on the incidence of DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred NS, 100 CS, and 100 SS were enrolled. Surgery for removal of mandibular third molars was performed under local anesthesia with no incision or bone removal. At 1, 4, and 7 days after surgery, postoperative evaluation and postoperative smoking were recorded by the same examiner. The chi(2) test was used for statistical analysis of results. Statistical significance was defined as a value of P <.05. RESULTS: Smokers had 2 to 3 times the risk of NS for developing DS. Although SS had a greater incidence of DS than did CS, the difference was not significant (P =.083). The incidence of DS was not age dependent. Smokers who smoked the day of surgery had a significantly higher incidence of DS than did smokers who smoked the second day after surgery. Compared with NS, CS who smoked the day of surgery and SS who smoked the day of surgery or the first day after surgery had a significantly increased incidence of DS (CS/NS, day 0, P =.001; SS/NS, day 0, P =.001; day 1, P =.005). CONCLUSION: SS had 3 times the risk of NS for developing DS, but there was no statistically significant difference between SS and CS. Increased frequency of smoking and smoking during the day of surgery significantly increased the incidence of DS.
Prevention of dry socket: an overview.
Dentists, exodontists, oral surgeons, and now oral and maxillofacial surgeons have been plagued with a postextraction complication, commonly known as "dry socket," since the inception of our profession. Other designations that have been attached to this malady over the years include alveolar osteitis, postextraction osteitis, osteomyelitic syndrome, alveolar sicca dolorosa, and, latterly, fibrinolytic alveolitis. Myriad attempts to eliminate this painful condition have been made, to no avail. Nonetheless, significant progress has been made in an endeavor to reduce its incidence. Perhaps it is time to take an inventory of the proven methods that will assist the practitioner in reducing the incidence of this complication in his/her practice. This article presents a review of past investigations that appear to have merit in this regard, with a summary of recommendations at the conclusion of the article.
Dry socket incidence compared after a 12 year interval.
A survey was conducted over a 3 month period in 1983 to examine the influence of clinical factors on the incidence of dry socket (DS) after extractions of permanent teeth under local analgesia. The findings were compared with those of a similar 3 month survey in the same hospital in 1971. Age, sex and extraction site each significantly influenced the incidence of DS. The major difference from the 1971 survey was an increase in the DS incidence from 3.0% to 4.0% of extractions. This occurred mainly following multiple extractions and may indicate that patients, particularly in this group, are nowadays less tolerant of any post-extraction discomfort and hence more readily return for attention. This is particularly relevant in the present study since the broad definition of DS used in both surveys embraced even the mildest presentations of disturbed socket healing.
AN EFFECTIVE DRY SOCKET DRESSING.
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[PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE POSSIBLE MYCOTIC ETIOLOGY OF DRY SOCKET].
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Reactivated herpes simplex virus infection as a possible cause of dry socket after tooth extraction.
This study was designed to evaluate a possible association between reactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection after lower third molar extraction and development of dry socket (DS). The HSV-1 antibody response was analyzed before and after tooth removal by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting in 208 patients. History of previous possible oral herpes reactivation was evaluated by a questionnaire that was based on self-rated frequency of oral cold sores. Tobacco users were identified. The anatomic proximity of the root apex to the mandibular nerve canal was classified radiographically before extraction. Fifteen patients (7%) developed DS after tooth extraction. Eleven of the 15 DS patients (73%) were HSV seropositive as compared with 7 of 15 (47%) in the matched control group. Seven of the 11 seropositive DS patients have shown HSV-1 reactivation by an increase of specific polypeptides, predominantly gB, gC, gD and ICP 4 and 6, in the immunoblot test. No change in HSV-1 reactivity was observed in control sera. DS patients reported a high frequency of oral cold sores (64%) compared with the controls (33%). Tobacco use was not found to influence the frequency of cold sores or the development of DS. A close radiographic proximity between the mandibular canal and root apex was more common (P < .05) in DS patients. The results indicate that extraction of a mandibular third molar could be a possible cause of reactivation and recurrence of an HSV-1 infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An unusual reaction after the treatment of a dry socket.
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Re: critical review on dry socket.
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Fibrinolytic activity in "dry socket".
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[Abnormal healing processes of extraction wounds--with special reference to "dry sockets"].
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