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Results for “Dermatological Effects”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparison of muscle-derived serum carbonic anhydrase III and myoglobin in dermatological patients: effects of isotretinoin treatment.

The serum levels of muscle-specific serum carbonic anhydrase III (S-CAIII) and myoglobin (S-Myo) were analyzed in various male dermatological patients of the same age. The mean levels of S-CAIII and S-Myo were essentially similar in patients with acne, psoriasis vulgaris, atopic eczema and tinea, suggesting that common dermatological diseases do not affect the serum levels of the muscle markers. Increased levels of S-CAIII, which is specific for skeletal muscle cells, were found in the acne patients who had been treated with isotretinoin. However, when S-CAIII and S-Myo were studied in 24 patients (16 males, 8 females) before and during isotretinoin treatment, no constant increases in these markers could be observed. When individual patients were followed for several months, transient increases or decreases could be observed. The changes in S-CAIII, or S-Myo, did not correlate with the dose of isotretinoin, nor with the duration of the treatment. The results suggest that systemic isotretinoin does not specifically affect skeletal or myocardial muscles. The increases in these markers observed in the course of dermatological diseases and isotretinoin treatment are obviously due to other factors, such as exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Side effects from dermatological laser treatment related to UV exposure and epidermal thickness: a murine experiment with the copper vapor laser.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The intention of the present study was to clarify whether UV-exposure prior to laser treatment of albino mouse skin may influence laser-induced side effects and if a possible influence may be explained by epidermal thickening. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Albino, hairless mice were irradiated 0, 8, and 22 consecutive times with simulated solar UV (1.4 J/cm2 per treatment). Subsequently, two areas on the back of the mice (1.26 cm2 each) were treated with a copper vapor laser that was connected to a Hexascan. The beam diameter was 1 mm, pulse duration 200 msec, and intensities 0.6 W, 0.8 W, and 1.0 W. Laser-induced wounds, scars, and histologically evaluated fibrosis were evaluated. RESULTS: We found that mice irradiated with UV before laser treatment developed smaller wounds, smaller texture change areas, and less fibrosis as compared with nonirradiated control groups, and significant, negative correlations were demonstrated between epidermal thicknesses (stratum corneum, the cellular part of epidermis, and the entire epidermis) and laser-induced skin reactions. A dose response was obtained between laser intensities and laser-induced skin reactions, which tended to be more severe in the cranial back location as compared with the caudal back location. Epidermal layers increased significantly after eight consecutive times of UV irradiation and increased to a steady level after 22 times of irradiation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that UV exposure prior to laser treatment of albino mice reduced laser-induced side-effects, which could be explained by increased epidermal thickening. Variations in epidermal thickness might thus contribute to variations in clinical response to dermatological laser treatment with the copper vapor laser.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Ocular and dermatologic health effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure from the ozone hole in southern Chile.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate numerous reports emanating from Punta Arenas, Chile (population 110,000, latitude 53 degrees S), that associated acute ocular and dermatologic disease in humans and animals with excess ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposure in the setting of the thinning of the ozone column. METHODS: Ophthalmologic and dermatologic records in Punta Arenas were systematically reviewed to enumerate sentinel diagnoses potentially associated with UV-B exposure, ocular examinations on representative animal populations were performed, and the ambient UV-B exposure in the region during the time of maximal thinning was estimated. RESULTS: No increase in patient visits or conditions attributable to UV-B exposure was seen for periods of known ozone depletion compared with control periods. Although ambient UV-B exposure was 1.6 to 2.3 times the habitual exposure on individual days, this excess exposure conferred only a 1% increase in annual exposure on the region. CONCLUSION: This study does not support existing lay reports of ocular and dermatologic disease in humans and animals that had been associated with the ozone hole over southern Chile.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Oxatomide: review of pharmacodynamic effects and clinical effects in dermatology].

Oxatomide is a new anti-allergy drug, derived from benzamidazole, which has shown original pharmacological properties at different stages of the degranulation of mastocytes and basophils, inhibition of the increase of intracellular calcium, inhibition of histamine release and of the synthesis of leukotrienes and prostaglandins. In addition, it has an antagonistic action on the histamine H1 receptors and inhibits the effects of serotonin and SRSA leukotrienes. Clinical trials have shown the clinical efficacy of oxatomide on chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis, double blind against placebo. Also its action is quicker than certain reference molecules with which it was compared. The product seems to have excellent tolerance. Oxatomide is a molecule of which the pharmacological properties are coupled with clinical efficacy on allergic dermatoses.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The effect of dermatologic precautions on the incidence of rash with addition of lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar I disorder: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: Prescribing recommendations specify that lamotrigine should ordinarily be discontinued at the first sign of rash, regardless of its type and severity, unless the rash is clearly not drug related. This practice helps to ensure that lamotrigine is discontinued in instances of serious rash (an event occurring in up to 0.13% of cases in bipolar clinical trials) but may lead to unnecessary discontinuation of lamotrigine for cases of nonserious rash arising from nondrug causes. Measures aimed at reducing overall occurrence of dermatologic reactions might reduce the incidence of nonserious rash leading to premature lamotrigine discontinuation. This study assessed the impact of specific instructions designed to decrease risk of dermatologic reactions, including nonserious rash, during initiation of and early treatment with lamotrigine in patients with bipolar I disorder. METHOD: Outpatients with DSM-IV-diagnosed bipolar I disorder >/= 13 years of age at 188 sites were randomly assigned to receive Usual Care Precautions (UCP; precautions from the patient instructions in the prescribing information for reducing risk of rash including nonserious rash) or Dermatologic Precautions (DP; precautions as above [UCP] plus additional precautions intended to decrease risk of any dermatologic reaction including nonserious rash) during 12 weeks of adding open-label lamotrigine to concomitant medications. Patients with comorbid medical and psychiatric problems were not excluded unless, in the opinion of the investigators, these problems were sufficiently severe to preclude participation. Investigators and patients were blinded to which precaution group patients were randomly assigned. The primary outcome measure was the rate of rash during the treatment period. Secondary outcome measures included clinical response to lamotrigine, assessed with the investigator- and self-rated Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar version (CGI-BP) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Efficacy Index (CGI-EI). Data were collected from August 2003 to August 2004. RESULTS: 867 (74%) of 1175 patients completed the study. Only 182 (15%) of 1175 patients had an adverse event leading to discontinuation of study medication or withdrawal, including 62 (5.3%) of 1175 due to non-serious rash. No serious rashes were reported during the study in either group. The incidence of nonserious rash was similarly low in patients with UCP and DP (8.8% and 8.6%, respectively). CGI-BP-Severity and -Improvement scores indicated mood improvement when lamotrigine was added to existing therapy, and CGI-EI scores at weeks 5 and 12 reflected a favorable balance between control of mood symptoms and tolerability. At both weeks 5 and 12, investigators reported that therapeutic effects of additional lamotrigine outweighed side effects in 74% of subjects. CONCLUSION: UCP and DP yielded low, similar non-serious rash rates, which were marginally lower than nonserious rash rates in prior clinical trials that did not utilize DP but marginally higher than that in a prior open case series using DP. Nevertheless, the results are encouraging: in this large study reflecting real-world use, lamotrigine was well tolerated with no serious rash and low incidences of nonserious rash and discontinuation due to rash, and lamotrigine therapy was associated with clinical improvement in a heterogeneous cohort of patients with bipolar I disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Lithium therapy associated with hidradenitis suppurativa: case report and a review of the dermatologic side effects of lithium.

Lithium is frequently used in the management of several psychiatric disorders including acute mania, bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder, and recurrent depression. We describe a patient in whom hidradenitis suppurativa developed while the patient was receiving lithium. The cutaneous side effects of lithium are reviewed. The most frequent are psoriasis, acneiform lesions, folliculitis, alopecia, and a maculopapular/macular eruption. Many of these side effects respond less readily to conventional therapy while the patient is receiving lithium.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2004

Teaching effects of dermatological consultations on nondermatologists in the field of internal medicine. A study of 1290 inpatients.

BACKGROUND: Scarce data exist concerning dermatological consultations within departments of internal medicine. To date, no survey has been carried out in Switzerland to elucidate this issue. The aim of this study was to analyze the spectrum of skin diseases internists are confronted with and to study their diagnostic accuracy in cutaneous diseases. In addition, we wanted to evaluate the motivation for dermatologists to cooperate closely with internists. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included patients with dermatological problems treated at the Department of Internal Medicine at the Kantonsspital Aarau, Switzerland. All patients had been referred to the Department of Dermatology for examination between 1999 and 2001. Patient data were analyzed demographically, by referral modus, diagnoses and therapy. To evaluate the knowledge of internists and dermatologists in cutaneous medicine, 15 clinical slides of common dermatoses with a patient history were shown and asked for diagnostic suggestions to 32 internists of the Kantonsspital Aarau and to 13 dermatologists of the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. RESULTS: 1290 patients were referred to the Department of Dermatology. 1737 dermatological diagnoses were made including 348 different dermatoses. Eczema was the single most common diagnosis (12.6%), followed by actinic and bowenoid precancerosis (6.2%), drug eruption (4.2%), verrucae (4%) and mycosis (3.8%). The top ten diagnoses accounted for 41.7% of all skin-related diagnoses. Infection-related dermatoses were most common (20.5%) followed by different types of eczema (12.6%), malignant cutaneous tumors and malignant visceral conditions (11.2%). Local therapy was prescribed in 64.2% and systemic therapy in 22.6% of the patients. 15.9% did not receive specific therapy because the consultation request was only a diagnostic one. 146 skin biopsies were performed (11.3%). Systemic diseases with cutaneous manifestations accounted for 15.7%. In general, these conditions were not commonly seen by dermatologists in daily practice. The internists recognized 51.1% of the cutaneous manifestations during examination and 49% when presented with slides. CONCLUSIONS: Internists are confronted with a different spectrum of cutaneous diseases compared with dermatologists. Due to the broad spectrum of skin diseases, it is a challenging task for internists to recognize dermatoses. Our study elucidates that patients, internists and dermatologists may profit from a close cooperation.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The mystical effects of dermatological vehicles.

Topical treatment of the skin is as old as the evolution of man. Instinctively, we try to treat a skin injury or irritation with cooling or soothing substances. Even animals lick their wounds, trusting instinctively in the healing power of saliva. When did this archaic pattern of treatment take the gigantic leap from folk medicine to modern drug therapy? This text illustrates the evolution of topical dermatological vehicles, their application (guidelines) and future use. In particular, a phenomenon that has so far been ignored in product development and clinical testing is the vehicle metamorphosis. In clinical and experimental situations, most dermatological vehicles undergo considerable changes after they have been removed from the primary container and are applied to the skin. Subsequently, the initial structural matrix, and the quantitative composition of the vehicle, will most likely change during and after the mechanical shear associated with application of the product and/or evaporation of ingredients. This natural, but highly dynamic process will generate mini-environments for the active moiety that are difficult to predict and that are crucial to the fate of the active moiety. Despite the reasonable wishes of formulators, clinicians, patients and customers, there are still no universal vehicles. Each drug, at each concentration, requires a different vehicle for optimized therapy. Stability and compatibility of excipients and active moiety are crucial for any commercially available pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation, together with local and systemic safety of all components. Nonetheless, more diverse and molecularly complex classes of new dermatological vehicles are continuously being researched and refined. The scientific progress has been remarkable when one considers the simple emulsion mixtures that were commonplace in dermatological therapy and still persist to this day in commercial products. It is to be hoped that the result of these research endeavors will be the emergence of more innovative topical formulations, applying engineered bioavailability control systems, with broader applications in topical therapeutic and cosmetic vehicles.

Administration, Cutaneous↗