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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A scanning electron-microscopic study of solubility variations in human enamel and dentine.

Cut, polished surfaces of human teeth were exposed to acetate buffers, pH 5.2, with a background electolyte composition similar to plaque fluid and with - log10 (ion-activity product) for hydroxyapatite, pIHA, ranging from 55 to 62, at 37 degrees C under a 5% v/v CO2 atmosphere. Demineralization was assessed by scanning electron microscopy of the treated surfaces and of methacrylate replicas of subsurface pores. Intertubular dentine was slightly soluble at pIHA 55, while peritubular dentine was less soluble, dissolving at pIHA > or = 58. In enamel, dissolution of prism junctions occurred at pIHA > or = 55, but was slight in middle enamel. Demineralization of intraprismatic enamel was observed at pIHA > or = 56 in inner enamel and in a few places in outer enamel but did not occur in middle enamel and most of the outer enamel at pIHA < or = 58. The results support the conclusion that the bulk of enamel has the solubility properties of a slightly defective form of hydroxyapatite. The correlations between structure and solubility are likely to have a strong influence on the pattern of caries lesion formation.

Acetates↗
PubMed2003

[Inhibition of remineralization by EDTA-soluble phosphate protein in dentin].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of removing EDTA-soluble phosphate protein in dentin on the later remineralization for the purpose of better understanding of mechanism of dentin phosphate proteins on dentin mineralization. METHODS: To remove soluble phosphate protein by EDTA dissolution, then the remineralization rate was monitored by a constant composition crystal growth technique. The results were compared with those from the normal dentin and the dentin partially demineralized by acetic acid. RESULTS: Faster remineralization rates were found with dentin demineralized by EDTA (0.5 and 2 h) compared with normal dentin powder, while a slower rate was found with dentin demineralized by acetic acid. The increase of remineralization rate by removing phosphate protein from dentin was 100% more at 200 min after the start of the reaction. CONCLUSION: EDTA-soluble phosphate protein in dentin has a great potential to inhibit remineralization.

Dental Cementum↗
PubMed1991

Comparative solubility study of human dental enamel, dentin, and hydroxyapatite.

The solubility properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) are compared with those of human dental enamel and dentin. The apatites used in this study were equilibrated with dilute phosphoric acid solutions in CO2-containing atmospheres. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of solubility models which consider the biological materials as either HA or carbonatoapatites. Both in the HA and the dental mineral systems, the results are consistent with the precipitation of another carbonate-containing apatitic phase during equilibration. However, although the chemical behavior of the HA systems is in very good agreement with predictions based on the solubility models, the results with the bioapatites are not; this inconsistency is more marked for dentin than for enamel but in both cases the results clearly indicate the inadequacy of assuming for these dental apatites the stoichiometry of HA. The models and the experimental results show that, in principle, it is possible to define the two dental minerals in terms of respective solubility product constants, if independent information is attained on the stoichiometry of these bioapatites.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1989

Solubility of zinc oxide-eugenol and calcium hydroxide cements in simulated dentinal fluid.

The solubility of four dental cement bases was measured in simulated dentinal fluid and distilled water to evaluate the relevancy of the American Dental Association solubility test for cement bases in contact with vital dentine. A simulated dentinal fluid was formulated utilizing glucose, distilled water, and sterile human plasma. Cement-base samples were immersed in either distilled water or simulated dentinal fluid at 37 degrees C in a shaker water-bath for 1, 2, or 3 months. Weight loss values were compared utilizing a three-way analysis of variance. Zinc oxide-eugenol cements were significantly more soluble in simulated dentinal fluid than distilled water, while the calcium hydroxide cement bases were significantly more soluble in distilled water than simulated dentinal fluid.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2006

The effect of adjacent dentine blocks on the demineralisation and remineralisation of enamel in vitro.

The aim was to investigate interactions between enamel and dentine at low pH under conditions simulating those at the enamel-dentine junction. Sound enamel blocks were demineralised in acid-gel systems, at pH 4.6, either in isolation, next to one, or in the middle of two, abutting dentine blocks. The gels were initially infinitely undersaturated with respect to enamel. In a second study, enamel blocks containing pre-formed lesions were placed in acid-gel systems, at pH 5.0, either in isolation or next to dentine blocks. The systems were initially either partially or infinitely undersaturated. In the partially saturated systems, calcium and phosphate concentrations were representative of plaque fluid. In the first study, demineralisation of enamel next to one dentine block was reduced in inverse proportion to the distance from the dentine. Demineralisation of enamel between two dentine blocks was retarded markedly across the whole block. In the second study, in the partially saturated systems, enamel lesions next to dentine blocks remineralised, whereas those in isolation demineralised further. We suggest that diffusion of dissolved dentine mineral over the enamel in the infinitely undersaturated system was sufficient to reduce undersaturation, thus retarding demineralisation, and that in the partially saturated systems, dentine dissolution together with the added calcium phosphate caused remineralisation of enamel lesions. Fluoride released from dissolving dentine may have augmented these effects. Different rates of demineralisation in enamel and dentine, or enamel remineralisation with concurrent dentine demineralisation, enabled by differences in their solubilities, could help explain the progression of so-called 'hidden caries'.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Aggressiveness of contemporary self-etching systems. I: Depth of penetration beyond dentin smear layers.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined, with the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the aggressiveness of three self-etching adhesive systems in penetrating dentin smear layers of different thickness. METHODS: Dentin disks were produced from extracted human third molars. For the control group, the middle dentin surface was cryofractured to create a bonding surface that was devoid of a smear layer. The experimental teeth were polished with wet 600 or 60-grit SiC paper to produce bonding surfaces with thin and thick smear layers. They were bonded using one of the three self-etching systems: Clearfil Mega Bond (Kuraray), Non-Rinse Conditioner and Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply DeTrey) and Prompt L-Pop (ESPE). Bonded specimens were then demineralized and embedded in epoxy resin for TEM examination. RESULTS: For Mega Bond, thin authentic hybrid layers between 0.4-0.5 microm were found. Smear layer and smear plugs were retained as part of the hybridized complex. For Non-Rinse Conditioner/Prime&Bond NT, the authentic hybrid layers were between 1.2-2.2 microm thick. Smear layer and smear plugs were completely dissolved in dentin with thin smear layers, but were partially retained as part of the hybridized complex in those with thick smear layers. For Prompt L-Pop, authentic hybrid layers were 2.5-5 microm thick and smear layer and smear plugs were completely dissolved even in dentin with thick smear layers. SIGNIFICANCE: Contemporary self-etching systems may be classified as mild, moderate and aggressive based on their ability to penetrate dentin smear layers and their depth of demineralization into the subsurface dentin. The more aggressive system completely solubilized the smear layer and smear plugs and formed hybrid layers with a thickness approaching those of phosphoric acid conditioned dentin.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extent of the cariostatic effect on root dentin provided by fluoride-containing restorative materials.

This study evaluated the extent of the cariostatic effect on root dentin provided by four fluoride-containing restorative systems: Ketac-Fil/ESPE [Ke], Fuji II LC Improved/GC Corp [Fj], Dyract AP/Dentsply [Dy] and SureFil/Dentsply [Su], and one without fluoride: Z250/3M [control]. Ninety-five bovine root dentin fragments (5.0 x 6.0 mm) were obtained, embedded in polyester resin and planed. Cavities (1.5 x 3.5 x 1.0 mm) were made and restored by the five restorative systems (n=19) in a randomized complete block design according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 24 hours, the dentin/restoration surface was polished. The restoration surface and an adjacent area of 3.0 x 3.0 mm were demarcated and submitted to a pH-cycling model. Dentin surface Knoop microhardness values were obtained (5.0-g, 5.0-s) for 10 distances: 50, 100, 150, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 microm from the margin of the restoration. The dentin microhardness means for each restorative material at each distance was considered by the ANOVA multi-factor split-plot method. The interaction between the restorative system and distance was statistically significant (p<0.05). The Tukey test and the regression analysis showed that the means of [Ke] and [Fj] were similar up to 300 microm, the [Ke] means being higher than the [control] at distances 50, 100, 150 and 300 microm. The [Fj] means were higher than the [control] at distances 50, 100 and 150 microm. The microhardness means of [Dy] and [Su] were not statistically different from the [control] and remained steady throughout the studied distances. This study concluded that the extent of the cariostatic effect on root dentin was 300 microm for [Ke] and 150 microm for [Fj]. [Dy] and [Su] did not show any cariostatic effect.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Bonding of mild self-etching primers/adhesives to dentin with thick smear layers.

PURPOSE: To compare the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) and the ultrastructure of resin-dentin interfaces of four self-etching systems that were applied to dentin with thick smear layers. METHODS: Human third molars were ground with 180-grit silicon carbide papers to expose deep coronal dentin. A 3-mm vertical slit was made along the diameter of each tooth to fit a glass cover slip, dividing each tooth into two bonding surfaces. Two 2-step, self-etching primers (ABF experimental system and Imperva Fluoro Bond) and two single-step, self-etching adhesives (One-Up Bond F and AQ Bond) were examined. Adhesives were applied to one side of the teeth passively, and to the other side with continuous agitation for the same self-etching period. Incremental composite buildups were performed and beams with cross-sectional areas of 0.81 mm2 were prepared for microTBS evaluation. Demineralized, bonded specimens were processed for TEM examination. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA showed that both the adhesive type and the application mode significantly affected microTBS results. However, the interaction of these two factors was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). For each adhesive, agitation produced significantly higher microTBS than passive application. With passive application, all systems diffused through thick smear layers and formed thin hybrid layers in intact dentin. With continuous agitation, smear layers were completely dispersed or dissolved, and thicker hybrid layers with upstanding collagen fibrils were observed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Influence of pulse frequency Er:YAG laser on the tensile bond strength of a composite to dentin.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of different pulse frequencies of Er:YAG laser on the tensile bond strength of a composite to dentin. METHODS: The dentin surface treatment was performed by Er:YAG laser at 1, 2, 3 and 4Hz pulse frequencies and 80 mJ, for 20 seconds, followed by etching. The control group was etched by phosphoric acid solely. The Single Bond/Z250 system was used. The specimens were subjected to tensile strength tests in a testing machine (0.5mm/minute) after water storage (37 degrees C/24 hours). RESULTS: The averages in MPa were: 1Hz: 13.45 (+/- 5.31); 2Hz: 9.54 (+/- 2.13); 3Hz: 7.29 (+/- 1.26); 4Hz: 7.41 (+/- 2.44) and control group: 16.95 (+/- 2.57). The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant difference. The increased frequency of the Er:YAG laser decreased the composite bond strength.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed2004

Dentin matrix proteins and soluble factors: intrinsic regulatory signals for healing and resorption of dental and periodontal tissues?

Dentin contains numerous polypeptides and signaling molecules sequestered in a mineralized matrix. The exposure and release of these molecules occur as a consequence of injury to the pulp and periodontal ligament, which may result from luxation, orthodontic movement or infections of tooth and periodontal structures. When released at these sites, dentin constituents have the potential to act on different surrounding cells, including periodontal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and inflammatory cells, and to affect the course of dental disease. Experimental studies have highlighted the interactions between dentin and cells from tooth and periodontal tissues and reveal dentin to be a cell adhesive, signaling and migratory stimulus for various mesenchymal and inflammatory cells. These results support the hypothesis that dentin molecules might function as regulatory signals for the healing and resorption of dental and periodontal tissues. Data from recent and classical investigations are summarized, many open questions are discussed, and current hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of tooth resorption and periodontal healing are outlined. Many questions regarding the importance of dentin as a source of multifunctional molecules remain unanswered and provide important directions for future studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

In vivo decomposition of phosphoserine and serine in noncollagenous protein from human dentin.

HCl-soluble proteins in human dentin ranging in age from 3 to 45 years exhibit amino acid compositional changes consistent with beta-elimination and hydrolysis of phosphoserine as well as dehydration and aldol cleavage of serine. This is the first evidence of nonenzymatic mechanisms for in vivo degradation of hydroxy and substituted hydroxy amino acids in dentin. Decomposition of phosphoseryl residues reduces the calcium-binding capacity of phosphoproteins. Elimination and dehydration reactions can produce variability in molecular weight. The rates of decomposition may be rapid enough to cause the heterogeneity or "maturational" degradation seen in dentin phosphoproteins during mineralization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Application of solubility parameter theory to dentin-bonding systems and adhesive strength correlations.

The principal aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the solubility parameters of ectched dentin, and adhesive primer solutions and adhesive bond strength. Solubility parameters characterize the molecular interactions which determine physical properties such as wetting, and thus can serve as tools to aid development of polymeric adhesives and interpenetrating polymer networks. If an adhesive monomer has a solubility parameter close to that of a polymer substrate, then the monomer may act as a solvent for the polymer and penetrate below the surface. Subsequent polymerization of the monomer may then produce an interpenetrating network, thus adhering without necessarily forming primary chemical bonds to the substrate. The dentin substrate considered in this study was abraded dentin treated with ethylenediaminetetraaceitc acid. Solubility parameters delta pr, delta h, and delta d calculated for the etched dentin substrate were 20.3, 23.6, and 16.0 (J/cm3)1/2, respectively. Solubility parameters of the primers were expressed using Hansen's three-dimensional scheme. The data indicate a correlation between the calculated solubility parameters of the etched dentin, and dentin primers and the resulting bond strengths. The results corroborate the significance of solubility parameter considerations for adhesive bonding to dentin.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1996

Chemical and X-ray analysis of fluoride, phosphorus, and calcium in human foetal blood and hard tissues.

To evaluate the beneficial effect of prenatal fluoride supplementation, the presence of fluoride in hard tissues in two populations of human foetuses coming from fluoridated (> or = 0.7 parts/10(6) F in drinking water) and non-fluoridated areas (< or = 0.1 parts/10(6) F in drinking water) were compared by chemical analysis and X-ray microanalysis. The fluoride concentrations measured in maternal and venous cord blood confirmed that placental transfer of fluoride was passive when fluoride intake was low. Total fluoride contents of tooth germs and mandibular bone appeared to increase with fluoride level in drinking water. However, these concentrations were too low to be detected by X-ray microanalysis. Phosphorus and calcium total contents were identical in mandibular and femoral bone of both populations. In incisor germs, phosphorus and calcium concentrations in enamel and dentine close to the amelodentinal junction did not differ significantly between the two populations. It is suggested that the low fluoride concentrations in enamel and dentine formed in utero would not have a significant effect on acid solubility.

Abortion, Induced↗