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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Data sources for aging research on racial and ethnic groups.

This article reports the results of a survey of recent and ongoing aging-related data sources supported by U.S. federal agencies. The survey sought to obtain data on the sample sizes and topics covered within the data sets maintained and frequently used by the various federal agencies engaged in data collection and/or analysis. The objective of the study was to determine the suitability of these data sets to conduct research on minority elders. Formal tests of the adequacy of data set sample sizes to support analysis on various minority groups were performed. Each data set was found to be large enough to conduct research on white elders, and a majority of the data sets were large enough for research on African American elders. However, Hispanics, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders were rarely included in sufficient numbers.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Data source automation: new technology for the management of patient-generated test results.

Self-monitoring of blood glucose is widely accepted by patients today, but its usefulness to clinicians has been seriously limited by our inability to interpret the patient-generated data. It is difficult or impossible to make optimal use of hand-kept diaries, no matter how compulsively kept. Patterns elude us, summaries are inaccurate, and large blocks of data are almost entirely ignored. To remedy these problems, data source automation--the automatic recording of data at their site of origin--is being applied to diabetes. Meters will measure blood glucose and memorize the result, date, and time of day. One system even allows the patient to record insulin dosage, exercise, and diet. The advantage of these systems lies in their potential for data management. Recognition of patterns of blood glucose concentration, easy longitudinal comparison of data, and aggregation of large data bases are all facilitated by computerized manipulation of the stored data. In-hospital use of glucose meters can have better documented quality control. It is possible to communicate data to physicians by telephone modem. Effective use of these systems, though, requires convenient software; and their acceptance in actual clinical practice must be demonstrated. But data management capabilities, as they are refined and brought into common use, could significantly improve diabetic management.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1998

Linking multiple heterogeneous data sources to practice guidelines.

The BiliLIGHT system is a World Wide Web (Web) based system that integrates an interactive clinical practice guideline with real-time patient-data retrieval from remote heterogeneous data sources to help clinicians manage newborn jaundice at the point of care in three clinical settings. We briefly describe the system, how actual information exchange of medical data across institutional boundaries was achieved, and how the data were connected to a CPG. In particular, we examine the requirements for patient identification, exchange protocols, authentication, and a standard vocabulary.

Computer Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hierarchies according to the level of evidence of source data, before their integration in the synthesis, in the matter of therapeutic efficacy].

The discipline therapeutic information uses the concept of the level of evidence for source data concerning therapeutic efficacy, and its ordering before integration in syntheses. In this paper we will start by considering the problems raised by the definition of the level of evidence in terms of the dimensions it covers. We have differentiated three components: clinical pertinance of the question asked, the methods used to reply and the quality of the data collected. Second, we will examine the different criteria important for each of these three dimensions. There are many criteria possible which do not all have the same weight, and thus for any non-arbitrary tool developed to enable the level of evidence to be ordered, it is necessary to know the weight of the different criteria. Thirdly, we will present the techniques used for working with multicriteria situations in econometrics which represent a methodology we propose using to apply in our context. To do so we need to build a 'reference' base for the level of evidence using 'experts' opinions which will help us to examine the weights of the different criteria. This approach, in conjunction with some epistemological and sociological considerations, may contribute to a better understanding of the different dimensions of this concept.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2025

Climatic data sources and limitations of ecological niche models impact the estimations of historical ranges and niche overlaps in distantly related Korean salamanders.

BACKGROUND: Ecological niche models (ENMs) and analyses of niche overlap/divergence have become popular methods in ecology and evolutionary biology. These analyses rely on environmental data available from several databases. However, the influence of data sources on these analyses is rarely tested. Here, we test the impact of climatic data choice on the prediction of current and Plio-Pleistocene suitable habitats for two distantly related, but broadly sympatric, salamanders endemic to the Korean Peninsula. We ran MaxEnt separately on WorldClim and CHELSA climate data. We then hindcasted ENMs to five time periods of the Plio-Pleistocene, bracketing the estimated intraspecific divergence times for these species. We then quantified the differences in predictions between WorldClim- and CHELSA-based models. Also, given the sympatry and similar habitat requirements of the two species, we tested for niche overlaps using niche identity and background tests and tested the sensitivity of the results to climatic data choice. RESULTS: The ENMs successfully predicted contemporary suitable habitats for the two species. However, the predictions were highly sensitive to climatic data choice as well as variable combinations. The hindcasted ENMs produced contrasting predictions depending on the choice of climatic dataset and failed to predict suitable habitats for some Pleistocene time periods regardless of the climatic data choice. The niche analyses were also sensitive to climatic data choice, with results suggesting either niche overlaps or divergence depending on the climatic dataset used for the analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the influence of climatic data choice on the outcomes of ENMs and niche analyses. Our results also underscore the limitations of macroclimate-based ENMs, especially when the species is likely buffered from macroclimatic changes by microhabitat. We argue for the need for additional ecological, ecophysiological, and population genomic studies to better understand the range formation of these enigmatic species.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Ascertainment of non-respiratory tuberculosis in five boroughs by comparison of multiple data sources.

The incidence of non-respiratory tuberculosis (TB) is known to be rising in many parts of the world. Examination of the ascertainment of non-respiratory TB in five Welsh boroughs by comparing multiple data sources showed that statutory notifications missed nearly half (38/81) of all cases over a period of 10 years, and illustrates an urgent need to improve surveillance.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride and dental caries: two different statistical approaches to the same data source.

A recent analysis of data from earlier papers on the relationship between dental caries and drinking water fluoride concentration suggested that the commonly accepted inverse relationship did not exist. Our reanalysis of those data, however, confirms the well-known association between fluoride concentration and dental caries. It also shows that the contrary result arose misleadingly from three simultaneous methodological errors: use of a unifactorial instead of a multifactorial model; omission of or over-aggregation of some data, and analysis of homoscedastic probits instead of heteroscedastic counts.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2000

The use of partially measured source data in near-field acoustical holography based on the BEM

In applying the conformal near-field acoustical holography (NAH) to actual source identification problems, it is often possible to determine the velocity at certain points of the source surface in advance. This partially known velocity data would reduce the problem size and permit better reconstruction accuracy. In this paper, the effectiveness of using partially measured source data in the conformal NAH is investigated, which uses the boundary element method. A vibro-acoustic transfer matrix and measured field pressure data, which is involved with the boundary integral equation, are reorganized in order to deal with the partially measured surface velocities. For a baffled vibrating panel, simulations were performed by varying the number of velocity-known nodes. In addition, the effect of measurement error is investigated for two extreme positioning methods of velocity-known nodes. Without regularization, the reconstructed error can be reduced considerably by employing some of the source data and this error can be further reduced by increasing those surface points. However, the velocity reconstruction error is not reduced substantially when the number of velocity-known nodes is less than 30%-40% of the total nodes. The reduction in the reconstruction error is not large if the regularization technique is applied to the restored field.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burn incidence and medical care use in the United States: estimates, trends, and data sources.

Recent estimates related to annual burn incidence and medical care use in the United States include 5500 deaths from fire and burns (1991), 51,000 acute hospital admissions for burn injury (1991 to 1993 average), and 1.25 million total burn injuries (1992). Time trends from 1971 to 1991 reveal significant declines in each estimate. Taking into account the 25% increase in the U.S. population during this period, the rates of decline in deaths attributed to fire and burns and acute hospitalization for burn injury are both about 50%. The rates of decline are similar in sample statistics for all burns receiving medical care and for all burns above a reportable level of severity. In addition to providing current and time-series estimates, this article discusses burn injury coding issues and describes the data sources from which national and state estimates can be derived. The principal objective is to establish and describe a set of burn injury data baselines in a manner that will facilitate future tracking of burn incidence and medical care use at the national and state level by practitioners and researchers.

Burn Units↗
PubMed1982

A case-control study of cholecystectomy and right-side colon cancer: the influence of alternative data sources and differential interview participation proportions on odds ratio estimates.

One hundred fifty patients with right-side colon cancer (i.e., patients with adenocarcinoma of the cecum or ascending colon) were compared to 150 matched left-side colon cancer controls (i.e., patients with adenocarcinoma of the descending or sigmoid colon) and to 123 neighborhood controls, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1975-1978. The gastrointestinal surgical history was ascertained for all study subjects so that the presence or absence of a history of cholecystectomy could be noted. Cholecystectomy history was obtained through telephone interviews and whenever possible subsequently validated from operative and pathology reports at time of cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy history for the colon cancer patients was also abstracted from hospital records at time of colon cancer diagnosis with an attempt to confirm the gallbladder's status through operative reports, cholecystograms, and physical examinations. Hospital records and interviews for the colon cancer patients appeared to provide accurate exposure history. Point estimates of the odds ratios and confidence intervals for intra- and inter-data source comparisons (i.e., hospital records, interviews, and hospital records and interviews combined) were comparable with similar measures of effect. Consistent odds ratio estimates appeared in both left-side colon cancer controls (1.9) and neighborhood controls (1.89). The authors suggest that changes in bile acid metabolism following cholecystectomy may be associated an increased risk of right-side colon cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: comparison of data sources for surveillance.

Work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders "associated with repeated trauma" account for more than 60% of all newly reported occupational illness, 332,000 in 1994 according to the U.S. Department of Labor. These numbers do not include, for example, those disorders categorized as "injuries due to overexertion in lifting," approximately 370,000. Early identification of potential disorders and associated risk factors is needed to reduce these disorders. There are a number of possible methods for conducting surveillance for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMDs) based on health outcome: workers' compensation, sickness and accident insurance, OSHA 200 logs, plant medical records, self-administered questionnaires, professional interviews, and physical examinations. In addition, hazard surveillance based on evaluation of job exposures to physical stressors by nonoccupational health personnel is possible. As part of a large labor-management-initiated intervention study to reduce the incidence of WMDs in four automotive plants, we were able to compare the strengths and limitations of each of these surveillance tools. University administered health interviews yielded the highest rate of symptoms; combined physical examinations plus interview (point prevalence) rates were similar to self-administered questionnaires (period prevalence) rates. Plant medical records yielded the lowest rate of WMDs. WMD status on self-administered questionnaire and on physical examination were associated with risk factor exposure scores. This study suggests that symptoms questionnaires and checklist-based hazard surveillance are feasible within the context of joint labor-management ergonomics programs and are more sensitive indicators of ergonomic problems than pre-existing data sources.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed1997

Sources of data for pharmacoepidemiological studies of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders.

In view of the dramatic shift to managed care models for United States health care delivery, reliable information on the prevalence and variations in psychopharmacological drug therapies for youth in community practice settings is essential. Pharmacoepidemiology, the study of medication use in large populations, aims to accomplish that challenging task. This article offers child psychopharmacologists a brief introduction to data sources for pharmacoepidemiology. Knowledge of these data sources combined with epidemiological methods for data analysis is a beginning step to assess the psychotropic medication prescribing patterns of community physicians. This review is organized in the following sequence: (1) characteristics of the "usual practice environment" according to setting, patient population, and physician characteristics; (2) validity issues related to data sources and their potential for outcomes research; (3) data sources divided into primary and secondary types that are described in terms of their features, advantages, and limitations, followed by examples of selected applied studies using such information; (4) procedures for analyzing secondary data; (5) data analytic and longitudinal approaches; and (6) access, confidentiality, and funding. A goal for future investigators in this emerging field is to develop applied research that is clinically sophisticated, methodologically sound, and public health-minded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An overview of relevant data sources in the former USSR for studies in demographic trends, aging and noncommunicable disease problems.

This article provides an overview of health data available in the former USSR. It is not all-inclusive in terms of chronic diseases covered or in details of data collection activities carried out. However, several broad conclusions can be drawn: There is a system of population and mortality data collection which covers the former USSR and which can be disaggregated to smaller administrative areas. The system is being exploited by population specialists, demographers, medical demographers and epidemiologists, both nationally and internationally, both for analytical purposes and as part of health monitoring systems. A national-level data-collection system for morbidity and disability, based on delivery of health services, is in place and is exploited by both health researchers and health planners. The shortcomings of such a health service-based statistical system are well recognized. Further standardization or calibration of measures of total and cause-specific morbidity and disability measures should be examined. A potential calibration tool is the 1988-1993 health examination and interview survey covering a representative (but highly clustered) sample of the former USSR population. The possibilities of greater standardization of measurement procedures used in this survey should also be investigated. In certain disease areas, e.g. cardiovascular diseases, cancer, rheumatic diseases and gerontology, clinical and epidemiological studies involving international collaboration have been carried out. This has resulted in the use of internationally accepted disease definitions, diagnostic procedures, and of clinical and laboratory standardization of demographic, social and biological measurements. Participation in multilateral or bilateral studies should be encouraged in research in disease areas where these types of programmes have not yet been instituted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Injury and illness in the American workplace: a comparison of data sources.

Setting priorities for workplace health and safety research depends upon accurate and reliable injury and illness data. All occupational health databases have limitations when used to summarize the national scope of workplace hazards. The comparison of data from multiple sources may produce more credible estimates of the leading occupational injuries and illnesses. The purpose of this paper is to describe the strengths and weaknesses of six data collection systems that record occupational injuries and illnesses on a national level and to compare the leading estimates from these systems for 1990. The six systems are: 1) National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities database, 2) the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 3) The Bureau of Labor Statistics Annual Survey data, 4) a large workers' compensation database, 5) the National Council on Compensation Insurance data, and 6) The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Occupational injuries, as defined herein, predominate over illnesses in terms of the number of cases and the overall costs. Databases that provide information on the antecedents of injuries suggest how these injuries may be prevented and warrant more attention and refinement.

Accidents, Occupational↗