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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Human performance evaluation of a metaphor graphic display for respiratory data.

Metaphor graphics are data displays designed to look like corresponding variables in the real world, but in a non-literal sense of "look like". Evaluation of the impact of these graphics on human problem solving has twice been carried out, but with conflicting results. The present experiment attempted to clarify the discrepancies between these findings by using a complex task in which expert subjects interpreted respiratory data. The metaphor graphic display led to interpretations twice as fast as a tabular (flowsheet) format, suggesting that conflict between earlier studies is due either to differences in training or to differences in goodness of metaphor. Findings to date indicate that metaphor graphics work with complex as well as simple data sets, pattern detection as well as single number reporting tasks, and with expert as well as novice subjects.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1980

A fast microcomputer language for signal acquisition, processing and display.

Data Acquisition and Display (DAD) language was designed to facilitate the application of 8080- and Z80-based microcomputers to problems involving signal acquisition, processing and display. DAD supports instructions that are similar to those BASIC but also has instructions found in the structured programming languages. Implemented as an interactive compiler and designed around a hardware arithmetic processing unit interfaced to the S100 bus, DAD executes its instructions considerably faster than most high-level languages. DAD supports floating point, double-precision integer and an additional single-byte-integer data structure for the acquisition and processing of 8-bit resolution data. DAD interfaces with peripherals that use the unsigned-magnitude or 2'-s-complement data format. A hardware programmable interval timer supplies accurate timing for many of DAD's instructions. DAD operates under and relies upon the CP/M operating system for its console and disk file input/output.

Computers↗
PubMed1995

Time changes of creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme versus discrimination values in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: what is the optimal method for displaying the data?

We wanted to determine the optimal method for displaying data for the clinical evaluation of patients with possible acute myocardial infarction. Our primary question was, are the time changes (slopes) of the enzyme tests better predictors of disease than the discrimination values, i.e., the cut-off points? We studied 152 patients with and 114 without a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in their medical records. For patients with acute myocardial infarction, we found the most discriminating tests, in decreasing order of the area of the ROC curves, to be the creatine kinase-MB slope at 0 to 12 hours, the creatine kinase-MB slope at 12 to 24 hours, the creatine kinase-MB values between 12 and 24 hours, and the creatine kinase-MB values between 0 and 12 hours. Decreasing values of creatine kinase-MB in the first tests after admission were only slightly less discriminating than increasing ones. At 12 to 24 hours after admission, the total creatine kinase as a value or slope, or the "relative index" (a ratio of the creatine kinase-MB in microgram/l [times 100] to the total creatine kinase) as a value or slope were inferior to creatine kinase-MB presentations. From the data for 44 patients with acute myocardial infarction and a known time of onset of symptoms, we were able to estimate an approximate onset time in patients where this was not available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1988

Clinical assay of the human erythrocyte lactate transporter. II. Analysis and display of normal human data.

We have applied a lactate efflux assay to human red cells at two temperatures and with initial lactic acid loads up to 8 mM, metabolically generated. Efflux was about 1.5 times faster at external pH of 8.5 than at 7.5; the latter was the standard pH used thereafter. Multiple lactate loads in a single blood specimen demonstrated clear evidence of saturation kinetics at both pH levels, since the efflux rate did not increase proportionally with the lactate load. Best-fitting rectangular hyperboles were determined for 129-131 assays from 43 volunteers at 20 degrees and 30 degrees. In most cases high and low lactate loads permitted a two-point evaluation of saturation kinetics, and a positive indication was obtained in 88 of 89 tests. The apparent efflux Km and Vm values may be influenced by pH as well as by lactate levels and cannot be taken as rigorous, although they agree reasonably well with literature data on influx and exchange velocities. The data displayed a Hill constant of 1, a 30 degrees/20 degrees velocity ratio of 2.7, and no significant clustering by sex or age. A single assay with initial lactate level above 5 mM at 30 degrees should be sufficient to identify cases with a defective transporter, using the 95% tolerance limits developed in this report.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1989

Microcomputer-controlled laboratory system for field potential experiments.

A microcomputer-controlled laboratory system for hippocampal field potential experiments was constituted. This system realized the quasi-simultaneous processing of execution of stimulation, data acquisition, data display and data analysis by means of a microcomputer for the first time. To attain this quasi-simultaneous processing, a new algorithm for drawing a tangent on the wave-form of the potential was contrived, which enabled rapid analysis of an arbitrary population spike even in the case of generation of double spikes. The system has the following functions: (1) execution of the programmed stimulation paradigm, (2) analog/digital (A/D) conversion of the evoked field potential with a sampling interval of more than 50 microseconds per channel, (3) display of the A/D converted wave-form data on a CRT and storage of the data on a floppy disk, (4) on-line analysis of the population excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and population spike, (5) more detailed off-line analysis of the field potentials, and (6) output of the wave-form data and measured values through a printer and an X-Y plotter.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between villous shape and mural structure in neutron irradiated small intestine.

Previous work on irradiation of mouse small intestine has assessed the changes produced by counting crypts/microcolonies, scoring villous shape or examining morphological changes in specific parts of the wall. This paper used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the effects of whole body irradiation with 5 Gy neutrons on the surface and internal features of the intestinal wall of CFLP mice, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after treatment. Empirical scores from the ultrastructural findings were inserted into a Morphological Index display calculated from analytical data based on cell counts and area measurements obtained from resin histology sections. The final data display showed that the neutron irradiation produced marked structural changes in different cells and tissues by 1 day. These changes were maximal at 3 days with substantial improvement by 7 days. When this data display was compared with scores taken from scanning electron microscopy of the mucosal surface, the change in villous shape from erect fingerlike projections to lower profiles less suited to absorption was seen to correlate more with changes in the smooth muscle than with the epithelial cryptal compartment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A client/server system for Internet access to biomedical text/image databanks.

Internet access to mixed text/image databanks is finding application in the medical world. An example is a database of medical X-rays and associated data consisting of demographic, socioeconomic, physician's exam, medical laboratory and other information collected as part of a nationwide health survey conducted by the government. Another example is a collection of digitized cryosection images, CT and MR taken of cadavers as part of the National Library of Medicine's Visible Human Project. In both cases, the challenge is to provide access to both the image and the associated text for a wide end user community to create atlases, conduct epidemiological studies, to develop image-specific algorithms for compression, enhancement and other types of image processing, among many other applications. The databanks mentioned above are being created in prototype form. This paper describes the prototype system developed for the archiving of the data and the client software to enable a broad range of end users to access the archive, retrieve text and image data, display the data and manipulate the images. System design considerations include; data organization in a relational database management system with object-oriented extensions; a hierarchical organization of the image data by different resolution levels for different user classes; client design based on common hardware and software platforms incorporating SQL search capability, X Window, Motif and TAE (a development environment supporting rapid prototyping and management of graphic-oriented user interfaces); potential to include ultra high resolution display monitors as a user option; intuitive user interface paradigm for building complex queries; and contrast enhancement, magnification and mensuration tools for better viewing by the user.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗
PubMed1989

A confocal laser microscope scanner for digital recording of optical serial sections.

A confocal laser microscope scanner developed at our institute is described. Since an ordinary microscope is used, it is easy to view the specimen prior to scanning. Confocal imaging is obtained by laser spot illuminatin, and by focusing the reflected or fluorescent light from the specimen onto a pinhole aperture in front of the detector (a photomultiplier tube). Two rotating mirrors are used to scan the laser beam in a raster pattern. The scanner is controlled by a microprocessor which coordinated scanning, data display, and data transfer to a host computer equipped with an array processor. Digital images with up to 1024x1024 pixels and 256 grey levels can be recorded. The optical sectioning property of confocal scanning is used to record thin (about 1 microm) sections of a specimen without the need for mechanical sectioning. By using computer-control to adjust the focus of the microscope, a stack of consecutive sections can be automatically recorded. A computer is then used to display the 3-D structure of the specimen. It is also possible to obtain quantitative information, both geometric and photometric. In addition to confocal laser scanning, it is easy to perform non-confocal laser scanning, or to use conventional microscopic illumination techniques for (non-confocal) scanning. The design has proved reliable and stable, requiring very few adjustments and realignments. Results obtained with this scanner are reported, and some limitations of the technique are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A double-blind clinical trial of nomifensine vs. amitriptyline in depressed patients.

This article describes a controlled clinical trial comparing nomifensine and amitriptyline in endogenously depressed inpatients. It is also the first trial of the ICPP-BLIPS, a computer based clinical trial data documentation system. Using strict methodological criteria, careful quality control and comprehensive and systematic data display and data analysis, we have been able to show clearcut efficacy differences between nomifensine and amitriptyline (favouring the later) and clearcut differences in the profile of side effects between these drugs. Future studies utilizing this methodology are recommended were definitive and documented results of clinical trials are desired.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Technical aspects and clinical applications of CT/X, a dynamic CT scanner.

CT/X is an X-ray computed tomographic scanner system designed for research in the clinical applications of rapid sequence scanning. The minimum scan time is 1.5 sec, and up to 18 images of the same cross section can be derived from scans taken over a 30 sec time interval. With this high image rate, the transit of a bolus of iodinated contrast medium can be followed through any cross section of the body. Rapid sequence scanning through a series of contiguous levels can also be performed, and 12 levels can be scanned in less than 50 sec. The short aggregate scan period minimizes the likelihood of interslice patient motion resulting in high quality multiplanar images. To fully exploit this capability, an imaging facility capable of reformatting axial transverse display data into a plane of arbitrary orientation has been incorporated into the system. A computer-electrocardiographic interface is also provided for use in retrospective cardiac gating. The capabilities of the scanner are illustrated with selective clinical studies.

Angiography↗