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PubMed1976

Allergen extract of horse hair and dandruff. Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic characterization of the antigens.

Freeze-dried extract of horse hair and dandruff was obtained by extraction, centrifugation, dialysis and freeze-drying. Quantitative immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit antibodies revealed the extract to be composed of 25 antigens of which some were mutually partial identical; 4 were serum-specific and non showed partial identity to solubilized hair proteins. Partial identity to antigens to serum and extract from hair and dandruff of cow, dog, cat, guinea pig, and of extract from house duct was demonstrated. After subjecting the extract to dialysis, ultrafiltration, freeze-drying and storage below 37degreesC for not more than 24 h the antigenic stability and the allergenic activity were unaffected. The effect of enzymatic degradation of the individual proteins with regard to antigenic stability and allergenic activity was also examined.

Allergens↗
PubMed1981

A randomized, controlled clinical trial of four anti-dandruff shampoos.

A total of 199 patients were selected for a comparison of the anti-dandruff efficacy of four shampoos. After a 2-week lead in (all patients used only Johnson's Baby Shampoo twice weekly) the patients were randomly assigned to Selsun Blue, Head & Shoulders, Flex, or Tegrin. The test preparation, which was unknown to the observer, was used twice weekly for 4 weeks. Loose and adherent dandruff were each rated on a scale of 0 to 20 (absent to severe) at the end of the lead-in (when a total score of 15 was required), and each week of study. The mean total pre-study score for all subjects was 19.5. At the end of the study the mean improvement scores were: 16.2 (Selsun Blue), 14.6 (head & Shoulders), 13.5 (Flex), and 13.1 (Tegrin). The improvement was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) on Selsun Blue than on any of the other shampoo. At the end of the study significantly (p less than 0.05) more patients had total scores of zero on Selsun Blue (15) than on Tegrin or Head & Shoulders. In addition, the rate of improvement was significantly (p less than 0.05) faster with Selsun Blue than with any of the other test preparations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Dandruff (pityriasis simplex capillitii)].

In this review of new studies about dandruff, methods for clinical (subjective) evaluation and quantitative (objective) appraisal of dandruff are described. Current concepts about histopathology, cytology, biochemistry and etiopathogenesis of this common condition of the scalp are detailed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Dandruff--an atopic sign?].

Dandruff is a sign of low specificity but high sensitivity for atopic constitution. Of 32 (40%) patients consulting the clinic for other reasons than dandruff, atopic dermatitis, or seborrheic dermatitis, 13 had raised IgE PRIST values of greater than 120 IU/ml. In only 6 (19%) of these patients was screening for atopy completely negative (family and personal history, total and specific IgG, prick test).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Identification of dander-specific and serum-specific allergens in cat dandruff extract.

Cat dandruff extract was characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) using sera from 27 cat-sensitive individuals. By applying a CIE/CRIE system with intermediate gel, the content of dander-specific and serum-specific allergens was established. Thirteen serum-related and eight dander-related antigens were identified in cat dandruff. Of these, eight antigens were visibly radiostained in CRIE. Five allergens were serum-specific and of these allergens cat albumin was the most important (intermediate allergen). Three allergens were dander-specific and of these three only cat allergen I fulfilled the criteria for a major allergen.

Allergens↗
PubMed2004

Clinical and mycological evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of Solanum chrysotrichum standardized extract on patients with Pityriasis capitis (dandruff). A double blind and randomized clinical trial controlled with ketoconazole.

Dandruff (also called Pityriasis capitis) is a seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. It has been correlated with the pathological colonization of the scalp with yeast from the genus Malassezia; this illness has a worldwide distribution and represents 25% of all scalp dermatosis cases. It has been demonstrated that the extract obtained from leaves of the plant Solanum chrysotrichum possesses biological activity against dermatophytes and yeast. Different steroidal saponins with antimycotic activity have been isolated from the active extract. Clinical trials with standardized extracts prepared with this vegetal species report high rates of clinical and mycological effectiveness in the treatment of Tinea pedis,without producing secondary effects. The aim of this randomized, double blind and controlled clinical study, was to compare the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability of a shampoo containing a standardized extract of S. chrysotrichum (applied every third day, for 4 weeks), against 2% ketoconazole in the topical treatment of Pityriasis capitis. From a total of 120 patients with the clinical diagnosis of Pityriasis capitis, 14 subjects were eliminated because the presence of Malassezia was not proved, an-other two patients withdrew from the study due to non-medical causes and one more withdrew because Tinea capitis was diagnosed. Therefore, the final analysis included 51 subjects in the experimental group and 52 in the control; in 45.6% of the cases M. furfur was identified as the pathogenic agent, in 44.66% M. globosa was isolated, and 9.71 % of the patients had a mixed infestation. At the end of the treatment period, the prepared phytopharmaceutical with the standardized extract from S. chrysotrichum achieved a clinical effectiveness (total absence of signs and symptoms produced by Pityriasis capitis) of 92.16%;the mycological effectiveness (absence of Malassezia spp. in the direct examination and culture) was 68.63 %; whilst the tolerability (absence of side effects that prompt subjects to abandon the treatment) was 100%. The therapeutic success (clinical and mycological effectiveness plus tolerability) was 64.71%. The comparison of these results with that obtained from the group treated with 2% ketoconazole, showed no significant differences (Z2, p >0.23). These results show the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability of the standardized extract from S. chrysotrichum on the local treatment of Pityriasis capitis associated with the yeast of the genus Malassezia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A double-blind trial of 1% ketoconazole shampoo versus placebo in the treatment of dandruff.

The efficacy of 1% ketoconazole shampoo in the treatment of dandruff was tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 176 patients. The application of the shampoo twice weekly gave a good or excellent result in 74% of the patients treated with ketoconazole versus 20% of the patients treated with placebo after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks these results were 80% versus 23%. The shampoo was well tolerated. Only one patient in the ketoconazole group stopped treatment because of greasy hair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

From axioms to new insights into dandruff.

This review addresses the current concepts about dandruff. The nature, origin and treatments of such skin conditions are scrutinized. The role of Malassezia spp. and other triggering factors is highlighted.

Dermatitis, Seborrheic↗
PubMed2000

Comparative anti-dandruff efficacy between a tar and a non-tar shampoo.

A randomized double-blind clinical study was conducted on two groups of 30 volunteers using either a non-tar shampoo (2% salicylic acid, 0.75% piroctone olamine and 0.5% elubiol) or a 0.5% coal tar shampoo. Subjects were diagnosed as having moderate to marked dandruff. The study consisted of a 3-week washout, followed by a 4-week treatment and a 4-week posttreatment regression phase. The clinical evaluations and subject self-assessments showed that the non-tar shampoo was as effective as the tar shampoo. Both received high approval ratings (> or =70%). Biometrological methods proved to be more sensitive than clinical evaluations to assess the efficacy of the shampoos. The non-tar shampoo yielded a significantly better reduction of Malassezia spp. counts (p<0.02) during the treatment phase and reduced the spontaneous increase in squamometry values (p< 0.01) during the posttreatment phase. It is concluded that a formulation associating salicylic acid, piroctone olamine and elubiol exhibited increased beneficial effects compared to the coal tar shampoo.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Isolation and partial characterization of three major allergens of horse hair and dandruff.

Three major allergens of horse hair and dandruff have been isolated. The fractionation procedures involved various combinations, described in detail, of ethanol precipitation below --5degreesC, cation- and anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. UV absorption, quantitative immunoelectrophoresis and RAST inhibition were used to monitor the separations. Protein impurities constituted less than 5% in all cases. The molecular weights of the isolated proteins were 1.9 X 10(4), 5.1 X 10(4) and 3.1 X 10(4) daltons, respectively. The pIs were determined as 4.1, 3.8 and 3.9, respectively. The amino acid analysis of the isolated allergens revealed large variations in their amino acid composition which might explain different reactivities in RAST experiments. The allergenic activities of the isolated antigens were determined by RAST inhibition and prick tests.

Allergens↗
PubMed2005

High prevalence of Demodex in eyelashes with cylindrical dandruff.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of Demodex in eyelashes with cylindrical dandruff (CD). METHODS: A modified sampling and counting method was applied to 55 clinical cases. Patients were divided in to group A (n = 20) with diffuse CD, group B (n = 12) with sporadic CD, and group C (n = 23) with clean lashes or greasy scales, of which the latter was divided into subgroup C1 (n = 15) without lid hygiene and subgroup C2 (n = 8) using daily lid hygiene for the past year. Each patient underwent a routine complete eye examination and modified counts of Demodex. RESULTS: Demodex was found in all group A and B patients (n = 32) with CD, which was significantly higher than the 22% of group C patients (n = 23) without CD (P < 0.001). The Demodex counts were 4.1 +/- 1.0 and 2.0 +/- 1.2 per epilated lash with retained CD, significantly higher than the 0.2 +/- 0.5 and 0.2 +/- 0.4 per lash without retained CD in groups A and B, respectively (each P < 0.001) and than the 0.01 +/- 0.09 and 0.12 +/- 0.41 per lash in subgroups C1 and C2, respectively (each P < 0.001). Demodex was still found in CD fragments left on the lid skin after epilation. Five Demodex brevis mites were found among the 422 Demodex specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The modified sampling and counting method showed that the prior controversy regarding Demodex has resulted from miscounting and confirmed that lashes with CD are pathognomonic for ocular Demodex infestation. Lid hygiene with shampoo reduces Demodex counts but does not eradicate the mites.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of crude honey on chronic seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff.

Honey has antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidants activities and has high nutrient value. In this study we investigated the potential use of topical application of crude honey in the management of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. Thirty patients with chronic seborrheic dermatitis of scalp, face and front of chest were entered for study. Twenty patients were males and 10 were females, their ages ranged between 15 and 60 years. The patients had scaling, itching and hair loss. The lesions were scaling macules, papules and dry white plaques with crust and fissures. The patients were asked to apply diluted crude honey (90% honey diluted in warm water) every other day on the lesions with gentle rubbing for 2-3 mins. Honey was left for 3 hr before gentle rinsing with warm water. The patients were followed daily for itching, scaling, hair loss and the lesions were examined. Treatment was continued for 4 weeks. The improved patients were included in a prophylactic phase, lasting six months. Half patients were treated with the topical honey once weekly and the other half served as control. All the patients responded markedly with application of honey. Itching was relieved and scaling was disappeared within one week. Skin lesions were healed and disappeared completely within 2 weeks. In addition, patients showed subjective improvement in hair loss. None of the patients ( 15 patients) treated with honey application once weekly for six months showed relapse while the 12/15 patients who had no prophylactic treatment with honey experienced a relapse of the lesions 2-4 months after stopping treatment. It might be concluded that crude honey could markedly improve seborrheic dermatitis and associated hair loss and prevent relapse when applied weekly.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Short-term treatment of dandruff with a combination of propylene glycol solution and shampoo.

Many studies now indicate an association between the lipophilic dimorphic yeast Pityrosporon ovale and dandruff. Propylene glycol has been proved effective in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor, Pityrosporon folliculitis, and seborrheic dermatitis. The patients in this study found treatment with a combination of propylene glycol, ethanol, and water, used with a shampoo, to be effective, easy to use, and cosmetically attractive. No side effects were observed by the patients.

Adult↗