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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Stategic trends in the drug industry.

The promise of genomics in drug discovery, which was eagerly embraced in the mid-1990s, has not yet been fulfilled. However, the influence of modern biology on drug discovery remains viable. The promise of genomics and biology should be put in context with the two central problems of drug discovery: the search for disease-related targets, and the study of drug-protein interactions and protein-protein interactions. The first tier of the biotechnology industry has now become the most productive segment of the drug industry. It combines a high degree of innovative spirit with solid pharmaceutical professionalism. Some biotechnology firms have succeeded in addressing unmet medical needs in technologically appealing ways. In their totality, these changes will deeply alter the nature and appearance of the drug industry.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2004

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk drug industry using fixed film reactor (AFFR).

Studies are carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk drug industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater are found to be very high with low Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and start up of the reactor is carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor is studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it is found that the optimum OLR is 10 kg COD/m3/day. The wastewater under investigation, which is having considerable quantity of SS, is treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. The COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater are monitored and reduction at steady state and optimum OLR is observed to be 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD. The reactor is subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and it is observed that the reactor could withstand shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk drug industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2005

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk drug industry using fixed film reactor (AFFR).

Studies were carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk drug industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater were found to be very high with low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and startup of the reactor was carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor was studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it was found that the optimum OLR was 10 kg COD/m(3)/day. The wastewater under investigation, which had a considerable quantity of SS, was treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater were monitored and at steady state and optimum OLR 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD were removed. The reactor was subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and the reaction could withstand the shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk drug industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2004

The drug industry and medical practice--the case of menopausal hormone therapy in Estonia.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Estonia quickly adopted a market economy. In medicine this has included the uptake of western-style health care and drug promotion aimed at practising physicians. Using post-menopausal hormone therapy (HT) as an example, we studied the consequences of this natural experiment on prescribing and on physicians' opinions of HT and drug promotion. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey sent to gynaecologists and family practitioners (FPs) in 2000 compared to an earlier Finnish survey, and from drug sales figures (based on defined daily doses), local medical journals and observations. The survey focussed on physicians' opinions of HT, HT information and HT education, and was sent to a random sample of 500 physicians, of whom 68% responded. The sales of HT drugs in the 1990s in Estonia were much lower than in Finland, but rapidly rose during that decade. Physicians considered drug advertising to be a factor contributing to the increased HT use. Most gynaecologists but fewer FPs reported that they had had enough continuing education on menopause and HT. For 39% of the gynaecologists and 20% of the FPs, (part of) the costs to attend their last education activity was paid by a drug firm. Respondents who wished for further education considered drug firms to be potential organisers. Gynaecologists had had more communication on HT with the drug industry, and their attitudes towards HT were more positive than those of FPs. Fears about cancer in the 1980s were not found in 2000. The study suggests that the drug industry contributed to the change in physicians' views of HT.

Adult↗