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PubMed1986

The drama of discharge: worker/supervisor perspectives.

This paper examines the process of discharge planning in the framework of drama, as exemplified in one case. The thoughts and actions of the social worker and the social work supervisor are delineated in order to highlight four points, that: decision making in discharge planning impacts strongly on all the participants involved; the constraints of the hospital setting and regulatory mandates often result in dilemmas of choice for the patient and family; for social workers new to helping in such situations, supervisory guidance and support is an essential component for practice; and the values, knowledge and skill of the social work professionals ensure that discharge decisions and interventions are effected in a manner that is both humane and accountable.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Distinguishing the drama from the histrionics in a case of hysteria with multiple tics.

The author describes a clinical experience with a hysterical patient with multiple tics, an upper-middle class, married woman, who when she started analysis at the age of 30 was in a state of profound tension and anxiety. The first eight years of this analysis are presented in order to describe how the analyst came to identify the dynamics of unconscious phantasies in a situation where analyst and patient found themselves involved in several roles of a drama dominated by theatrics. The insights and therapeutic benefits suggested that this patient unconsciously experienced her oral needs as intensely destructive and cruel, an experience she felt to have been exacerbated by her mother's lack of response to her emotional needs. This primitive cruel orality was accompanied by a split-off experience of a secret, mystical union with the primitive idealised mother. The author considers that this split experience of cruel and idealised orality suffused the patient's genital sexuality, hindering the evolution and realisation of her adult sexuality, giving her a distorted view of the primal scene as an impenetrable fused amalgam acting as an omnipotent, self-sufficient, excluding phallus. Gradually analysis enabled the patient to transform her bodily theatrics into thoughts and to broach the difficult task of relating to others instead of being either fused with them or totally excluded by them.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sickness as cultural performance: drama, trajectory, and pilgrimage root metaphors and the making social of disease.

This paper examines the use of root metaphors in the description of social activity and especially the performance of sickness. It starts with a critical account of Susan Sontag's examination of the use of illness as metaphor in literature. There then follows a brief analysis of another account of society based on the discussion of creative literature-Kenneth Burke's "Dramatism," itself acknowledged as a source by Erving Goffman. Goffman's own expressed reservations about his supposed use of a dramatic metaphor are then extended to suggest that Goffman was more concerned with "performance" in a broader sense. The discussion of performative metaphors is then shifted by a critical consideration of Anselm Strauss and colleagues' view of sickness as manifold performances of work rather than drama, expressed in their metaphor of "trajectory." Sickness as a process compounded of many performances is further explored using ideas developed by the anthropologist Victor Turner toward the end of his life, in collaboration with his wife, Edith Turner. It is finally suggested that sickness as cultural performance enables us to understand the dialectical relationships between expressive and instrumental activities surrounding sickness. This in turn leaves room for the nonreductionist understanding, within a sociological framework, of individual idiosyncrasy, biological accident, and the discourse of healing.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed2006

An analysis of linguistic styles by inferred age in tv dramas.

A language analysis program, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), was successful in identifying various psychological variables. This study investigated the relationship between spoken language and age inferred from drama scripts of 162 characters, analyzed by the Korean-LIWC across 4 age categories (10-19, 20-39, 40-59, and 60-79 years). Analysis indicated that younger characters use fewer phrases, morphemes, nouns, auxiliary words, and adverbs than older characters, suggesting less cognitive development of younger characters. In addition, younger characters used less positive words for emotion and achievement than older characters. These data appear contrary to the negative stereotypes of aging people.

Achievement↗
PubMed1984

[Anamnesis as drama--the first sentences].

The encounter between therapist and patient can be viewed as a drama involving two actors, each attempting to convert the other. This conversion proceeds through unconscious and preconscious elements of interaction whose manifest and latent meaning/definition/interpretation is determined by the manner in which the conflict dynamics evolve within the developmental structure of the anamnesis. In this context one can observe three areas of decisive importance, namely information of an objective, subjective and dramatical nature. An analysis of the opening sentences from two case studies serves to illustrate how the dramatic process is being staged.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of drama in health education.

The focus of Project 2000 courses has been on the development of a health rather than sickness concept throughout the curriculum. Such a fundamental change in emphasis requires, it is argued, a different concept of the preparation of students in appropriate attitudes, skills and knowledge. The author describes an innovative approach to education that uses drama to improve communication skills in a group of nursing students.

Drama↗
PubMed1996

Distance between phosphine-sulfide sidechains of a disubstituted peptide by DRAMA 31P NMR.

Dipolar restoration at the magic angle (DRAMA) has been used to measure the 31P-31P internuclear distance between phosphine-sulfide substituted sidechanins on the fourth and eighth residues of a 12-residue helical peptide. The 7.4 A distance is the same for the peptide lyophilized in bulk or isolated in a cryo- and lyoprotected matrix of poly(ethylene glycol) and sucrose. However, the 31P linewidth for the undiluted peptide is an order of magnitude greater than for the matrix-isolated peptide indicating charge and hydration heterogeneity in the bulk state.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Speaking of difficult choices: the creation of a drama and dialogue group on end-of-life choices.

The purpose of this project is to relieve the emotional isolation of elders concerned about the manner in which they will die, particularly fears about loss of control. A counselor engaged elders in dialogue exploring nonthreatening ways this could be done. Drama that includes dialogue with the audience was chosen, developed, and performed at their retirement facility and in the wider community. Elders who attend these performances express gratitude and relief at learning they are not alone in their concerns, and for the information about current laws and resources for support.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Art and drama: partners in therapy.

An art-drama therapy group for latency-age boys made possible the exploration of personal symbols and intense fantasies which resulted in a therapeutically powerful and productive experience. This paper describes the background, rationale, and dynamic process of this group. Multimodal expressive arts therapy is supported.

Art Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Drama therapy as a means of rehabilitation for schizophrenic patients: our impressions.

The authors describe the development of drama therapy and its place in the system of psychosocial treatment of schizophrenic patients. Organizational and therapeutic elements are illustrated with the help of work done by a group of 12 patients on an adaptation of Shakespeare's Hamlet. The aim of this form of outpatient treatment is to use the acting technique in order to make it easier for patients to improve their understanding of themselves--their feelings, motivations and behaviors--and also of other people. The participation of a professional director and the general attractiveness of this type of therapy are considered to play an important role in motivating those patients who would not benefit from traditional psychotherapy. In this form of group psychotherapy verbalization of feelings and problems are structured by the role; thus creating a safe atmosphere and greater motivation to participate. The purpose of our work is to make the roles and the play a constructive aspect of the patient's functioning. This is only possible by uniting what for a schizophrenic patient is characteristically separate, namely, internal experience with external expression. Clinical effects are documented by two case vignettes.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Thinking, feeling and moving: drama and movement therapy as an adjunct to a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach for chronic pain in two adolescent girls.

Chronic Pain without an identifiable organic basis represents a substantial element of referrals to both medical and mental health professionals. Chronic pain can compromise independence, school attendance, physical and social activities. The tendency to label 'nonorganic' pain as having a psychological origin is usually strongly resisted by parents and young people with treatment creating a significant challenge for health care professionals. Collaborative, multidisciplinary treatment programmes encourage families to find ways of getting on with their lives by taking a proactive approach to challenging pain. The family is invited to join with the team in the task of challenging the pain through the use of physiotherapy to increase strength, stamina and suppleness alongside a range of individual and group activities that can include relaxation training, hypnotherapy, systemic and cognitive-behavioural approaches. This article describes how drama and movement therapy was introduced as an additional component of the treatment programme of two adolescents who had been long-term inpatients on a medical adolescent ward. The experiences of adding a complementary therapy to the programme are described to illustrate a creative way of contributing to established treatment programmes through the use of sound, movement and gesture in order to provide a space to explore new ways of being and expanding abilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Media influence on parasuicide. A study of the effects of a television drama portrayal of paracetamol self-poisoning.

BACKGROUND: Paracetamol self-poisoning, which carries a significant risk of fatal liver damage, is increasing in the UK, especially among adolescents. There is concern that media portrayal of suicidal behaviour may influence its occurrence. We have investigated the effects of two broadcasts of a television drama showing a teenage girl's overdose of paracetamol. METHOD: Data from the Oxford Monitoring System for Attempted Suicide were used to examine changes in the number of overdoses and the use of paracetamol in the three week period before and after both broadcasts. An analysis of log-linear models was carried out, using additional data from two previous years, in order to control for the effects of gender, age group, time period, season, year and drug. A questionnaire was used to ascertain whether the programme had influenced patients' decisions to take an overdose or their choice of drug. RESULTS: An increase in paracetamol overdoses occurred following the first broadcast, but when data from the two previous years were examined and the log-linear analysis was used there was no evidence of significant effects attributable to the broadcasts. The questionnaire study revealed that very few people had seen either episode, and only two claimed that it had influenced them (one in terms of getting help). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to use sound methodology to avoid interpreting chance fluctuations as a media effect. The potential positive benefits of such programmes should also be investigated.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1976

The duo-drama.

A model of psychotherapy based on a 'dramatic look' is presented. It is an aspect developed from the demotorization of psycho-drama reduced to two actors Dialogue - in the sense of Plato and Buber - is looked at as action and dealt with accordingly. A pre-step of interpretation: confrontaion is used 'in flagranti' within the framework of here and now. The patient is continuously confronted with his 'action'.

Acting Out↗
PubMed2000

The development of mifepristone: a pharmaceutical drama in three acts.

This paper reviews the various steps in development of mifepristone in Europe and in the United States. It is a personal account by the person who was in charge of its worldwide development and has participated in all the major decisions on the product. This paper presents a personal perspective on the development of mifepristone, explaining why this revolutionary medication is still not available in most of the world, including the United States. Briefly, the author's close and continuous involvement with the medical, regulatory, and commercial aspects of mifepristone development for more than 15 years provides a unique insider's view. The development of mifepristone has been so fraught with drama that I present it here as a theatrical piece. Nonetheless, the story has been told as objectively as possible.

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal↗
PubMed2003

Computer games may be good for your health: shifting healthcare behavior via interactive drama videogames.

There is increasing evidence that interactive learning systems have an important role in reducing health risks and improving general health status. This theater style demonstration is aimed at harnessing people's passions for videogames and the movies, and a major purpose of this research is to explore alternative ways for a game generator to help authors to introduce entertainment and free play as well as learning by teaching into role playing games and interactive dramas that are behavioral interventions in disguise.

Health Behavior↗
PubMed1987

[Fairy tale drama--an inpatient group psychotherapeutic method for patients with ego disorders].

Patients with "early disturbances" partly display considerable resistance to treatment methods that promote regression or aim at uncovering inhibitions, since they themselves lack emotional differentiation. In an inpatient setting such patients are able to transfer their non-experienced share of feelings and references to the treating personnel. If these transferred feelings are not properly processed and managed, therapy blockades and communication blockades arise, resulting in considerable frustrations of all concerned within the therapeutic community. Against the background of these experiences we developed a ward group method inviting both patients and staff to join hands in creative playing (e.g. by acting a fairy tale on the stage); within this framework it is possible to shape latent group, ward and team conflicts on a metaphorical level. As a result we achieve a reduction of the emotional tension level within the ward, a reduction of team conflicts, and hence an improved therapeutical climate and better possibilities to translate into reality appropriate strategies for a fair solution of problems. The overall framework, the therapeutic concept, as well as the individual stages of work-in-progress in the realisation of the fairy-tale drama are described in detail (e.g. phase of birth of the fairy tale, phase of fairy-tale recital, phase of casting, actual performance phase and subsequent discussion phase). These steps are described both as regards their form and their contents; they are compared with other group techniques of a similar nature.

Ego↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drama therapy in diagnosis and treatment.

The author examines the use of drama therapy as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool that can help provide insights into personality and character and aid in the exploration of conflicts of children in therapy.

Acting Out↗