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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Epidemiological aspects of dracunculosis in Benin. 1. Incidence, eruption location and incidence of reinfestation].

A prospective survey was conducted in five villages in the central part of Benin. Population of these dracunculiasis infected villages was range from 150 to 300 people. A weekly visit led to note dates of worm eruption and to follow up evolution of the disease. 723 patients were observed between 1985 and 1989. Infants were rarely affected. The highest incidence occurred in men from 18 to 45 years old. In other age groups, incidence was not significantly different from group to others. 90% of emergencies were located in lower limbs. Recurrent infections from year to year were observed with a significant higher frequency in 20% of people. These people were not distinctive from others. Such a result could be explained by a special behaviour concerning water supply, conservation or treatment. Average duration of the disease was 106 days. Duration of the disease was not linked to educational or medical equipment nor isolation of village.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiological aspects of dracunculosis in Benin. 2. Relationship between periodicity of worm eruptions and the origin of drinking water].

A prospective survey was conducted in four villages in the central part of Benin. Dates of worm eruption were noted to precise the transmission period. In the same time, water was sampled to measure density of cyclopids in drinking water bodies. Relationships between the highest worm eruption period and cyclopid density led to precise the duration of Guinea worm latency in human which lasted from 10 to 13 months. The smallest density of cyclopids able to induce steady transmission was evaluated to 10 cyclopids per 10 liters of water. Authors did not find a proportional relationship between incidence and cyclopid density. A very few number of patients may introduce or maintain dracunculiasis in a community. Authors observed that village ponds produced an extend transmission over the dry season (from November to April). Reservoir dam induced a short period transmission in the beginning of dry season (from October to January).

Benin↗
PubMed1991

[School absenteeism due to dracunculosis in Benin].

A study was undertaken in the Benin Republic to determine the effect of Guinea Worm on school attendance. Five sentinel villages were chosen in the most endemic region of the country. These villages were observed in-depth during four years. Weekly inspections were done during the transmission season and bi-weekly inspections were done outside this season. During the later part of the study a questionnaire was distributed nation-wide. In the sentinel villages all inhabitants were counted, all new cases were recorded, the status of old cases was recorded to measure the duration of the disease. Patients were evaluated as mobile or bed-ridden. The school attendance records were also used as well as direct counting. Nationally a questionnaire was completed by all teachers in 2,840 primary school at the close of major emergence season in April 1988. In sentinel villages 17.7% of school age children suffered from Guinea Worm annually. The average duration of the disease was 104 days of which they were bed-ridden for 32 days. The correlation between the incidence and the percentage of missed class days was significant (r = 0.82; p less than 0.001). Nationally the incidence was 1.62% but varied widely by region. 40% of the infected children during the study were absent from school the day of the study. There was a strong correlation between incidence and the prevalence the day of the study (r = 0.96; p less than 0.00001). The results of this study confirm the high school absenteeism reported by other authors. In addition to directly caused absenteeism, secondary absenteeism in heavily infected villages is due to replacement in roles normally filled by the sick. Similar studies in schools can serve to measure prevalence, incidence and absenteeism since the correlation is extremely strong (p less than 0.00001) between each of the factors and to evaluate, with 20% approximation, the incidence of dracunculiasis in general population.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Failure of thiabendazole in the prevention of dracunculosis].

Thiabendazole has been used at 50 mg.kg-1 in one oral dose to test its efficiency as dracunculiasis prophylaxis. Villagers were separated in two groups: 73 volunteers who had taken thiabendazole and 99 people without treatment. In both groups incidence, disease and disability durations were not significantly different. Neither emergence locations nor frequency of missed migrations were modified by treatment. The only difference had been a decrease of parasite density in both groups 14 months after treatment: this might be explained by a decrease of transmission following the treatment but has to be confirmed by further experimental researches.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Longitudinal epidemiologic study of dracunculosis in the south of Togo].

Through an exhaustive study, the authors have demonstrated a clearly defined area of endemic infection in the North West of the ZIO prefecture, in which 80% of the population centers are affected. The rate of incidence can exceed 50%. Transmission occurs mostly in September and October, by means of ponds; the areas of impounded water appear no to be involved. The spontaneous evolution of the endemic infection was followed in two hamlets for four or five years, respectively. After an "epidemic flash", the rate of incidence decreases in the following year to levels near zero thereafter. They only increase violently after the water sources are reinfected by outsiders to the zone. The observation led the authors to put forth the hypothesis of acquired provisional immunity or a temporary decimation of disease vectors. Finally, the authors underline that presently, all the conditions have been met to allow a control of dracunculiasis in this prefecture.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Climatic characteristics of endemic zones and epidemiologic modalities of dracunculosis in Africa].

In Africa, the endemic areas of dracunculiasis are concerning two climatic zones: the sudano-sahelian zone which is characterized by the alternation of a short rainy season and a long dry season, and the libero-nigerian zone which is characterized by two rainy seasons and two dry seasons. The pluviometry in each zone determines a specific cyclic evolution of the cyclops (the vectors of the disease) in the ponds which are the most important places of the transmission. The climatic cycle having an annual rhythm as the cycle of dracunculiasis (12-14 months), the result is for each zone a constant period during which the epidemiological conditions of the transmission are the more satisfied and during which the disease rages to the utmost: beginning of the rainy season (May-June) in the sudano-sahelian zone and right in the dry season (December-February) in the libero-nigerian zone. During the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade, it is important that the strategies of control as the national programs of control take into account these epidemiologic features of dracunculiasis.

Africa↗
PubMed1987

[Dracunculosis: beliefs and attitudes of populations in the endemic zone of the savannah (Burkina-Faso)].

For years, most of the authors propose the sinking of wells as the only method of dracunculiasis control. However, this measure did not lead to the eradication of this very vulnerable endemic scourge in West Africa. Our research has concerned the collection of epidemiologic and socio-medical data close to the housewives. The research has been carried out into six endemic villages in Burkina-Faso, North-Western savannah before the setting up of a control project through health education and chemical water supply points treatment. The global dracunculiasis incidence rate is about 20.3%, setting the six villages in hyperendemic zone. The family incidence rates are from 5.3% to 100% with an attack of 72% of families. The majority of patients are taken into account in case of disability by the village community. Causes of the illness are unknown for 68% of persons, but 30% of people associate it to the water. Ignorance and lack of treatment concern 63.5% of answers. Traditional treatment (32.8% of answers) is very diversified and based on plant extracts. As for the prevention of disease, there is no solution in 83% of cases. A part from the 35% of answers concerning modern well water, the other proposed methods are ineffective. Ponds are finally the mainly water supply source during the raining seasons in spite of the presence of modern wells. The reasons of that situation are mainly the taste of ponds water and the remoteness of wells. The understanding of those beliefs and attitudes lead to thing of several complementary strategies as sinking of modern wells and health education for dracunculiasis control.

Attitude↗
PubMed1987

[Dracunculosis, a scourge eradicated from 3 villages of Burkina Faso through health education].

We carried out a dracunculiasis control study through health education in three southwestern hyperendemic villages of Burkina Faso. The villages were organized in the framework of Primary Health Care. Two years after the beginning of health education the sickness was eradicated. Feasibility, low cost and acceptability by populations of health education make it a main part of any dracunculiasis control strategy.

Burkina Faso↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of dracunculosis in the Mandara Mountains (North Cameroon). Organization of a control campaign].

The map of the Mandara Mountains dracuntiasis focus showing the wells and water bodies, which are the transmission sites of the disease in the study area, shows that the focus is relatively well limited. The drilling of new wells, the protection of existing water bodies used for human consumption, the health education project and the treatment of water by temephos lead to ascertain that the number of Guinea worm cases seen is decreasing every year in the area where the project is meticulously performed. These encouraging results show that it is now possible to eliminate the Guinea worm from North Cameroon by extending the operations in progress to the comprehensive surface of the focus, including the remote areas in mountains and the satellite foci in the plain along the Nigerian border.

Cameroon↗