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PubMed1998

Vagal efferent and afferent innervation of the rat esophagus as demonstrated by anterograde DiI and DiA tracing: focus on myenteric ganglia.

Anterograde tracing with the carbocyanine tracer DiI and the aminostyrol derivative DiA was used to selectively label fibers from the nucleus ambiguus, dorsal motor nucleus and nodose ganglion, respectively, terminating in the rat esophagus, and to compare them with the innervation of the gastric fundus in the same animals. Ambiguus neurons terminated on motor endplates distributed mainly to the ipsilateral half of the esophagus. There was no evidence of preganglionic innervation of myenteric ganglia from ambiguus neurons. Neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus supplied sparse fibers to only about 10% of enteric ganglia in the esophagus while they innervated up to 100% of myenteric ganglia in the stomach. Neurons of the nodose ganglion terminated profusely on more than 90% of myenteric ganglia of the esophagus and on about 50% of ganglia in the stomach. Afferent vagal fibers were also frequently found in smooth muscle layers starting at the esophago-gastric junction. In contrast, they were extremely rare in the striated muscle part of the esophagus. These morphological data suggest a minor influence of neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus and a prominent influence of vagal afferent terminals onto myenteric neurons in the rat esophagus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The human fetal retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head: a DiI and DiA tracing study.

The organization of the primate nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head with respect to the positioning of central and peripheral axons remains controversial. Data were obtained from 32 human fetal retinae aged between 15 and 21 weeks of gestation. Crystals of the carbocyanine dyes, DiI or DiA, and fluorescence microscopy were used to identify axonal populations from peripheral retinal ganglion cells. Peripheral ganglion cell axons were scattered throughout the vitreal-scleral depth of the nerve fiber layer. Such a scattered distribution was maintained as the fibers passed through the optic nerve head and along the optic nerve. There was a rough topographic representation within the optic nerve head according to retinal quadrant such that both peripheral and central fibers were mixed within a wedge extending from the periphery to the center of the nerve. There was no indication that the fibers were reorganized in any way as they passed through the optic disc and into the nerve. The present results suggest that any degree of order present within the fiber layer and optic nerve is not an active process but a passive consequence of combining the fascicles of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Optic axons are not instructed to establish a retinotopic order and the effect of guidance cues in reordering fibers, particularly evident prechiasmatically and postchiasmatically, does not appear to be present within the nerve fiber layer or optic nerve head in humans.

Axons↗
PubMed2026

A porcine spectral assay library to quantify brain proteome by DIA-MS.

Neurological disorders are the leading cause of health loss worldwide. The growing number of patients suffering from such conditions calls for improved strategies for their prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. To better understand human pathologies, relevant models and methodologies must be made available. In this study, we focused on a biomedical model capable of recapitulating the complexity of human pathology, the pig (Sus scrofa). Brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid samples from a transgenic minipig model of Huntington's disease were subjected to multiple extraction and fractionation steps. A proteomic mass spectrometry (MS) methodology then allowed the generation of a porcine spectral library for 8,321 proteins. Using data-independent acquisition (DIA), we demonstrated that our porcine spectral library substantially enhanced the quantitative potential of this untargeted MS approach, generating reproducible proteome-wide data. The porcine library also provides a comprehensive resource for the development of targeted MS assays, enabling the quantification of selected proteins with a key role not only in neuroscience.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of an anti-Dia antibody causing hemolytic disease in a newborn infant.

A case of hemolytic disease in a newborn infant caused by anti-Dia is described. The parents are Japanese. The antibody was an IgG of subclasses IgG1 and IgG3, did not bind complement, and gave a 27 percent phagocytosis rate when used to sensitize red blood cells for a macrophage binding assay. The antibody was not detected during antenatal serologic testing. This case suggests the need for reagent red blood cell panels selected to match antibody specificities likely to be encountered in a particular population.

Binding Sites, Antibody↗
PubMed2025

SpectroPipeR-a streamlining post Spectronaut® DIA-MS data analysis R package.

SUMMARY: Proteome studies frequently encounter challenges in down-stream data analysis due to limited bioinformatics resources, rapid data generation, and variations in analytical methods. To address these issues, we developed SpectroPipeR, an R package designed to streamline data analysis tasks and provide a comprehensive, standardized pipeline for Spectronaut® DIA-MS data. This novel package automates various analytical processes, including XIC plots, ID rate summary, normalization, batch and covariate adjustment, relative protein quantification, multivariate analysis, and statistical analysis, while generating interactive HTML reports for e.g. ELN systems. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The SpectroPipeR package (manual: https://stemicha.github.io/SpectroPipeR/) was written in R and is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/stemicha/SpectroPipeR).

Software↗
PubMed1999

Health-related quality of life in dialysis patients. A report from an Italian study using the SF-36 Health Survey. DIA-QOL Group.

BACKGROUND: Interest in measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has increased together with an awareness that such humanistic outcomes require valid and reliable measures. In the last decade short, simple and multidimensional generic and disease-specific questionnaires have been developed. Among the several generic questionnaires available, the Short Form 36 Items Health Survey (SF-36) was translated and validated in several languages, and applied to different settings and diseases. METHODS: Within the framework of a larger, prospective, multicentre study (DIA-QOL project) the SF-36 was administered to 304 patients to test its characteristics in terms of patient acceptability, and psychometric and clinical validity. Standard psychometric techniques were used to evaluate its validity in terms of convergence, divergence and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha). Correlations between clinical variables and HRQoL scores were performed to test the questionnaire's capability to capture differences across patients groups. RESULTS: Overall, the findings show that, in this sample, the SF-36's performance was very good. Acceptability was satisfactory, with a response rate higher than 80%. All the questionnaire scales met the psychometric standards suggested in terms of grouping and scaling assumptions. The internal reliability coefficients actually replicate the satisfactory findings reported previously for the original SF-36. In terms of the ability of the questionnaire scales to discriminate between groups expected to differ in a given health concept in relation to clinical variables, the results were also good. On average, females reported lower scores, the impact of ageing was more evident for physical scales. Diabetic patients score significantly worse on the physical function scale and patients with mental health problems score significantly lower on the mental health scale. No significant association was found with the index KtV, haemoglobin levels, body mass index, parathyroid hormone and type of dialysis. A strong association was indeed found between SF-36 scales measuring physical health concepts and the serum albumin level. This association held after adjusting for the confounding effect of age. Comparison of the health profile of the present sample with others from the US and UK and from a representative sample of the Italian general population highlights the potential of such questionnaire in dialysis setting. CONCLUSIONS: The SF-36 questionnaire is easy to use in Italian dialysis patients and SF-36 scores are related to important clinical aspects. This approach can help in caring for dialysis patients and can be useful in outcome assessment programmes.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

4D-DIA proteomics reveals distinct proteolytic landscapes induced by mechanical stress, Agrobacterium, and a viral capsid precursor.

Nicotiana benthamiana is a widely used platform for plant molecular farming, yet recombinant protein yields are frequently compromised by the host's innate defense mechanisms, particularly proteolytic degradation. While the general effects of Agroinfiltration are known, the distinct contributions of mechanical injury, bacterial perception, and product-specific stress remain poorly resolved. Here we utilized high-depth 4D-DIA proteomics to dissect the host response across three dimensions: physical stress (buffer infiltration), pathogen-associated stress (Agrobacterium), and product-associated stress (GFP vs. the FMDV capsid precursor P1_2A). We demonstrate that buffer infiltration is not a neutral event but an independent inducer of cell wall remodeling and oxidative stress. By filtering out these background effects, we defined a core Agrobacterium-responsive proteome characterized by a growth-defense trade-off. We also expanded the known protease repertoire of N. benthamiana to 1,505 enzymes through improved genomic annotation. We found that the expression of the FMDV capsid precursor P1_2A was associated with a distinct and more pronounced protease profile compared to soluble GFP, characterized by the upregulation of subtilases and cysteine proteases. These findings suggest that host proteolytic responses vary with the recombinant cargo, a factor worth considering when designing engineering strategies for the production of complex biopharmaceuticals in plants.

Proteomics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The training of public school cafeteria staff: an analysis of the instructional material developed by Instituto de Nutrição Annes Dias - Rio de Janeiro (1956-1994)].

The present study aims at analyzing educational approaches in the training of public school cafeteria staff members from 1956 to 1994 through the study 17 instructions brochures developed by Instituto de Nutrição Annes Dias in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of the documents has considered two periods: the first one, from 1956 to 1971, is characterized by the foundation of the institute and its first training activities; the second period goes from 1972 to 1994, which is characterized by the consolidation of the institute's organizational structure and the presence of educational concepts in its training activities. Training focused on technical aspects and recurrently alluded to hygiene and organization. Discussions on the training of school cafeteria staff members should define what kind of workers is expected before defining what skills and abilities they are expected to develop.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1999

Elimination of meropenem by continuous hemo(dia) filtration: an in vitro one-compartment model.

Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against most gram positive and gram negative bacteria including anaerobes. Dose adjustments are necessary during continuous renal replacement therapies of acute renal failure. This in vitro study was conducted to investigate the influence of different filter materials, surface areas (AN-69 0.6 m2 and 0.9 m2, polysulfone 0.75 m2, polyamide 0.6 m2), and increasing flow rates (from 3.3 - 26.7 ml/min) on the elimination of meropenem in an in vitro continuous hemo(dia)filtration model. Meropenem was measured using HPLC with UV-detection. While the clearance increased proportionally to increasing dialysate flow rates in filters with a surface area of 0.9 m2, a peak clearance was reached in the small filters at flow rates of 10.0 ml/min (polyamide 0.6 m2) and 18.3 ml/min (AN-69 0.6 m2), when tested under the same conditions. This indicated incomplete dialysate saturation due to the diminished time available for meropenem to equilibrate with the dialysate solution. No adsorption to either of the tested membranes was detected. Dosage recommendations derived from clinical studies might be appropriate when different filter materials, but similar operational settings of the continuous replacement therapy, are applied. Reduction of the recommended dose might be necessary, when renal replacement therapies with lower flow rates and/or filters with smaller surface areas are carried out.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Diabetic care--a model of cooperation (Prima Dia)].

The article points to some recent improvements in the field of diabetology. Modern methods of treatment facilitate better metabolic control. To meet these challenges there is a need for more flexible diabetic care schemes and closer cooperation between all categories of medical personnel involved. Prima Dia is an example of such an initiative. It is based upon a continuous diabetes re-education programme and the same simple diabetic record card for general practitioner, hospital diabetologist and patient.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1983

[Use of the dia-contact method in ophthalmology. A new method of fluorescein angiography presentation].

An innovative presentation of fluorescein angiograms on radiographic film, called "dia-contact", is described. Photographs are produced by the classical procedure of contact-printing on subtraction film and are of very high quality resolution. Less expensive than conventional prints, the resultant document is easy to copy and file. The reading of this document with the help of two + 10 lenses, allows a sequential analysis of the angiogram and a stereoscopic interpretation alternatively. The image can be enlarged without loss of resolution by means of a microfilm reader device. This method requires a certain amount of self discipline, in that a new habit must be learned. However it rapidly proved itself invaluable in the author's daily practice.

Fluorescein Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Miguel Dias Pimenta (1661-1715) and the history of chagasic megaesophagus and megacolon].

In the present study an attempt was made to analyse from a clinical viewpoint the descriptions in the book "Noticias do que he o achaque do bicho" by Miguel Dias Pimenta (1661-1715), which are considered by some authors to be the first reference to the chagasic megaesophagus and megacolon that appeared in history. In descriptions considered to refer megaesophagus, although dysphagia, the major symptom of this disease, is not recognized, typical manifestations of a irritating, inflammatory or ulcerative condition are identified, not affecting the esophagus but the stomach. In the description considered to refer to megacolon, the signs and symptoms suggest the diagnostic possibility of hemorrhoids and of the "achaque do bicho" itself, and do not recall the clinical picture of the chagasic megacolon in an absolute manner. On this basis, there is no reason to maintain the book "Noticias do que he o achaque do bicho" within the history of the digestive form of Chagas' disease.

Chagas Disease↗
PubMed1997

[New developments in stabilization of dia- and metaphyseal fractures of long tubular bones].

Nail, plate and external fixator are since decades the most frequently and stabilizers for the surgical treatment of dia- and metaphyseal fractures. These elements are still present today. However, there were important changes in recent years. Together with better knowledge and understanding of fracture healing, fracture biology, implant metallurgy and mechanics and a more and more specified application of these techniques, this resulted in improved possibilities for the treatment of injured patients. Beside an overview about the current discussion of unreamed and reamed nail insertion new trends, techniques and nails are presented for the different long bones (retrograde nails, spiral blade, flex-nail humerus and a distal aiming device (DAD) for interlocking screws). In addition, new approach techniques for nailing (stab incision) and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for metaphyseal fractures of the proximal and distal femur and proximal tibia are described including the necessary techniques for control of axes and rotation.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1998

Differential fasciculation of follicular nerves for transferring specifically localized cues of the vibrissa rudiments to the central trigeminal sensory system in mice, as exploited with DiI and DiA labeling.

Vibrissa connections play a decisive role in setting the somatotopic coordinates in the trigeminal sensory system. Although previous studies have examined the development of peripheral patterning, certain questions are still in dispute, for example, the way vibrissa connections are structured, and the relationship between periphery and central organization, and ganglion cell organization. In order to fill the blanks left by previous studies, the extension of ganglionic branches and the formation of vibrissa connections were reexamined by using fluorescent carbocyanin dyes, DiI and DiA, during embryonic days 10 to 14 in mouse. Whole-mount preparations satisfactorily demonstrated the ganglionic fiber system, which allowed detailed analysis at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. We show here that the differential fasciculation of follicular nerves is the critical process for organizing vibrissa connections which modulate the initially extending fiber pattern. Follicular nerves developed by fine fibers arising from initially ordered root fascicles, so as to connect with vibrissa rudiments that developed on the facial prominences. During differential fasciculation, ganglion cells were segregated into distinct groups by the vibrissa connections, whereas central fiber terminals did not yet develop specific structures in the nuclear region. In the primary order of the trigeminal sensory system, vibrissa connections in the periphery were organized before those of the central structure. These results indicate that trigeminal ganglion cells have a critical binomial function in order to transfer the somatotopic relations among vibrissa rudiments into the topographic coordinates of the central system.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

A Comprehensive Analysis of Differential Protein Expression in the Plasma of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Utilizing Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) Proteomics Technology.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a Prevalent Autoimmune Disorder Affecting Millions of People Worldwide. A Thorough Understanding of Its Clinical and Pathological Features Is Essential to Improve Patient Outcomes. METHODS: This Study Combined Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to Identify and Validate Potential Plasma Protein Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of RA. RESULTS: Differential Proteomic Analysis Identified Differentially Expressed Proteins Between Patients With RA and Healthy Controls and Characterized Their Functions. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Enrichment Analyses Were Performed to Explore Protein Functions and Associated Biological Pathways. The STRING Database and the Metascape Platform Were Used to Conduct an in-Depth Analysis of the Protein-Protein Interaction Network, Highlighting the Functional Attributes and Interconnections of Upregulated Proteins and Identifying Key Protein Complexes Involved in RA. ELISA Analysis of Plasma Samples Revealed Significantly Elevated SERPINA3 Levels in Patients With RA, Which Were Positively Correlated With Disease Activity Indicators-Including Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, C-Reactive Protein, and Disease Activity Score 28-But Were Not Correlated With Rheumatoid Factor or Its Subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: This Study Provides New Insights and Identifies Potential Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of RA.

Humans↗