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DNA cytophotometry of acinic cell carcinoma and its relation to prognosis.

Single-cell DNA cytophotometry has been assessed on histological sections or aspiration biopsy smears from 13 parotid acinic cell carcinomas and has been related to prognosis. The minimal follow-up was 6 years. Six ACC were well differentiated and seven moderately well differentiated. The modal DNA values of all tumours examined were in the diploid area. The number of nuclei above 2.5C DNA, expressing proliferative ability or aneuploidy, was low. A difference, too small to be of value for prognostic purposes, was found between the non-recurrent tumours (6%) and the metastasizing tumours (16%). The DNA levels measured in the present tumour material correspond to the concept of ACC as being a well differentiated neoplasm. The nuclear DNA pattern of these tumours would seem to be of minor prognostic significance with regard to survival time and/or potential for metastasis.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of internal standards for plant cytophotometry.

Plant cell nuclei were compared with chicken erythrocyte nuclei for use as internal standards for microspectrophotometry. The amount of DNA per nucleus and the coefficient of variation for measurement of individual nuclei were determined for cells from dormant embryos of Pinus taeda and Pinus coulteri, from onion root tips and from chicken erythrocytes. The chicken erythrocytes had the least variability and thus were best suited for use as a standard. Onion root tips were least suitable, with a coefficient of variation 2 1/2 times that of erythrocytes. Although onion root tips have been used as an internal standard in other studies, their mitotic activity, in contrast with the nonreplication of DNA of mature erythrocytes, is reflected in a broad distribution of nuclei with values in the 2C-4C range. Coulter pine mature embryos were at the 3C level, whether dry or hydrated, while loblolly pine embryos were in the 2C state. This confirms previous reports. The coefficient of variability for the pine embryo cells was 1 1/2 times that of erythrocytes for nonhydrated seeds and twice the erythrocyte value for hydrated seeds. The larger 2C values for pine (26 pg for P. taeda and 17 pg for P. coulteri) are closer to values expected for many plant species than the 3 pg level of the chicken erythrocytes. Dormant P. taeda embryo cells (2C) are suggested as an alternative where the experimental material has large DNA values and/or chicken erythrocytes are difficult to procure. Large sample size is recommended for the plant materials if they are to be used as internal standards in Feulgen cytophotometry.

Allium↗
PubMed1991

[The possible cytophotometry of nucleolar proteins. The prospects for research on the status of the nucleolus apparatus].

Possibility of cytophotometry application was established for the acid nucleolar proteins reacting with silver nitrate. The increase in transcription in the Purkinje neurons results in the expansion of the Ag-proteins areas, whereas their amount may be not increased. The amount and area of the Ag-proteins double in hepatocytes through polyploidization, but the number of nucleoli does not correspond to the gene dosage. This lack of correspondence was also revealed in micronucleoli. The number of nucleoli is not similar in the nuclei of some binuclear hepatocytes, and this disproportionality increases through polyploidization.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cytophotometry of granulocytes in chronic granulocytic leukemia patients. Part I. Cell cycle distribution, S-phase transition and quantitative cytochemistry.

In the chronic phase of CGL the proportion of granulocytes in S + G2 was lower (18.7 +/- 1.3% in marrow and 16.7 +/- 2.4% in blood) than in normal bone marrow (42.4 +/- 2.9%) as studied by Feulgen-DNA cytophotometry. During the blast crisis the percentage of S + G2 blasts was 39.3 +/- 8.4 in marrow and 38.7 +/- 7.8 in blood which was much higher than in acute myeloblastic leukemia patients (10.8 +/- 1.4 and 5.1 +/- 1.0). Thymidine labelling index values were lower than the percentage of cytophotometrically detected S-phase cells: up to 28% of cells with Feulgen-DNA content corresponding to S-phase did not incorporate 3H-thymidine. The rate of DNA synthesis remained constant during the S-phase but 3H-thymidine uptake increases towards the end of the S-phase. Morphometric parameters and quantitative cytochemical (PAS, Sudan, myeloperoxidase activity) characteristics of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were altered during the chronic phase of the disease but remained in the normal range during the blast crisis. Mature neutrophils in the blast crisis are assumed to originate from normal granulocyte progenitors.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

[Impulse cytophotometry studies of bone marrow and blood cells in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). 2. Lymphatic cells in blood].

The DNA-content of mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood of infantile and juvenile ALL patients was investigated using Pulse Cytophotometry. The fraction of cells in S- and G2 + M-phase is significantly increased in comparison with samples of healthy probands. The fraction of DNA-synthesising cells (S-phase) of both peripheral blood (mononuclear cells) and bone marrow of leukemia patients cannot be significantly distinguished by mathematical methods. On the other hand, the fraction of cells in later phases of cell cycle (G2 + M-phase) is significant enhanced in the bone marrow in comparison with the peripheral blood. A high correlation was found between the number of leukocytes and fraction of G2 + M-phase cells in the peripheral blood of SR- and MR-patients. No correlation was found between the number of leukocytes and S-phase-fraction. The occurrence of aneuploid cell populations in the mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood in the acute state of ALL could be of importance for prognosis and regime of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Assessment of the intensity of lymphocyte blast transformation in the crypts of the palatal tonsils by using DNA cytophotometry].

Cell fractions isolated from lacunae of palatine tonsils with different functional activities were taken from 40 children 6-15 years of age. The cell fractions were examined using vital phase-contrast microscopy, light microscopy of Pappenheim-stained smears and the Feulgen cytophotometry. Lymphocytes with signs of immunological involvement were shown to constitute 95 per cent of the whole cell lacunar population of the active functional tonsils. 35 per cent of lymphocytes, being in different stages of blast transformation, were found. The most intense blast transformation was revealed in patients with tonsil inflammation. 5-13 per cent of lacunar nuclei with DNA content above the diploid level were found in these patients. Some multicellular islets accumulating small lymphocytes, lymphocytes at different stages of blast transformation, and macrophages were revealed to imitate the cooperation of immunocompetent cells. The data obtained can be helpful in the practical surgery of palatine tonsils.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Principles of cytophotometry in enzyme histochemistry and validity of the reactions.

Essential conditions for valid quantification of enzyme histochemical reactions by means of cytophotometry are discussed. It is shown that a scanning and integrating microdensitometer or an image analysing system is needed to avoid distributional errors. Other possible errors on the instrumentation side are reviewed as well, such as the out-of-range error, and errors due to glare, out-of-focus effects or random signal variation. Furthermore, conditions of enzyme histochemical reactions are discussed because validity of cytophotometrical analysis depends largely on these conditions. Finally, it is concluded that fundamental enzyme histochemistry should especially aim now for the development of valid methods for functionally important enzymes such as flux-generating enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Human papillomavirus standardization and DNA cytophotometry in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) standardization and DNA cytophotometry were carried out in 29 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades I-III. A prognostically unfavorable DNA distribution pattern with an aneuploid stemline was found in 14 of the 16 dysplasias with HPV types 16 and 18, while in 11 of 13 dysplasias with HPV types 6 and 11 there was a favorable DNA distribution with a euploid-polyploid stemline. Among 178 colposcopically, cytologically and histologically confirmed cervical lesions, there was a statistically significant incidence of HPV 16/18 infections in severe dysplasias and carcinomas, while HPV 6/11 was found predominantly in mild cervical lesions. It seems that CIN can be divided into high- and low-risk lesions not only by the degree of severity and the DNA distribution pattern but also by HPV typing.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Characterization of experimentally induced malignant gastrointestinal tumors of rats using DNA-cytophotometry and karyometry].

The average relative DNA-content, the status of ploidy, the area of the nucleus, the compactness of chromatin and the variability of the shape of the nucleus were determined in 33 experimental induced malignant neoplasms and 5 benign lesions of gastric and intestinal mucosa of rats. The results were compared with diploid controls and divided into 3 types of DNA-histograms. Normal and malignant cells differed significantly in their DNA-content, in the area of the nucleus and in the percentage of hypertetraploid cells. 27 tumors belonged to the aneuploid type of histogram. The dignity was not clear in 6 cases. Diploid carcinomas did not occur. The DNA-cytophotometry gave the decisive hint to diagnosis of malignancy in 8 carcinomas. The various types of tumors differed not in the determined parameters. The problem of differential diagnosis between benign lesions with preneoplastic potential and malignant tumors is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[A trial of digital television cytophotometry].

A possible application of modern TV analyzers of microimages for absorption cytochemical investigation is considered. Photometric properties of the TV system are evaluated and methodical approaches to their improvement are given. Data on TV and scanning cytophotometry are compared when studying DNA contents in cells of different types.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Feasibility of DNA impulse cytophotometry (ICP) in the diagnosis of squamous cell cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx].

DNA ploidy and the proportion of DNA-synthesized cells (number of S-phase fractions) were measured by DNA impulse cytophotometry in 39 patients with untreated carcinomas of the oral cavity and the oropharynx. 84.7% of the tumours of the oral cavity and 80.8% of the tumours of the oropharynx were DNA-aneuploid. The mean value of S-phase fractions of the carcinomas of the oral cavity was 9.18 +/- 4.82%, that of the oropharynx carcinomas was 9.16 +/- 5.85%. There was no correlation between the type of DNA ploidy or the number of S-phase fractions and the presence of regional metastases and the clinical outcome of the tumour diseases. A case report suggests that determination of the number of S-phase fractions may give important information on the prognosticable effect of cytostatic therapy. So pretherapeutic ICP determination might become helpful with regard to the indications for cytostatic therapy of oro-pharyngeal tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A flow chamber for the intravital cytophotometry (microscopy) of muscle and nerve fibers and for the intracellular microelectrode lead take-off of biopotentials].

A chamber is described with permanent solution flux aimed for in vivo cytophotometry (microscopy) of the nerve and muscle fibres, and for microelectrode registration of biopotential. Little size and construction peculiarities of the chamber make it possible to use objectives of middle and high magnification and to insert a microinstrument into the fiber.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis and grading of malignancy in squamous epithelial lesions of the larynx with DNA cytophotometry.

For diagnostic purposes 14 histologically benign, 15 dysplastic, and 16 malignant squamous epithelial lesions were subjected to DNA cytophotometry. Results were computed according to an algorithm for DNA diagnosis and grading of malignancy. In cases of unequivocally malignant or benign lesions all DNA diagnoses agreed with the histologic diagnoses. In one case the allegedly faulty DNA diagnosis of cancer was proven to be correct on clinical follow-up. Within the group of histologically mild to moderate dysplasias the algorithm identified four cases as malignant that were proved to be malignant either in the follow-up or at another site of the same lesion. With the aid of the DNA malignancy grade two groups of patients with squamous epithelial carcinomas of the larynx could be discerned with a highly significant difference according to their survival times.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Improved application of impulse cytophotometry for the diagnosis of urinary bladder carcinoma.

Using pulse cytophotometry, almost quantitative separation of the leucocyte fraction from DNA histograms was possible by means of an anticoincidence discrimination device, This modified technique was employed for biparametric DNA/protein measurements of voided urine samples, bladder washings, and tumour tissues. The results show a high degree of correlation between these samples so that, for tumour diagnosis from DNA histograms, voided urine specimens can be used rather than bladder washings. The criteria for the bladder tumour diagnosis are derived from DNA measurements of 32 controls and 35 tumour patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of this method is 0.91 and the specificity 0.75.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative estimation of pituitary gonadotropin in juvenile rainbow trout with scanning cytophotometry applied to immunocytochemical preparations.

A densitometrical method with computer-controlled scanning cytophotometry has been developed to quantify the amount of gonadotropin (GTH) in immunocytochemically treated paraffin sections of pituitaries of juvenile rainbow trout. Results obtained with this method totally correspond with those established with a radioimmunoassay of pooled pituitaries. Scanningcytophotometry offers the advantage that GTH-content of individual pituitaries of juvenile or small adult fish can be investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

HISTOSCAN: computer program for cytophotometry in tissue sections and its application in the evaluation of nuclear atypia.

The grading of nuclear atypia has a great and well recognized value when predicting the malignancy of neoplastic processes. Although the basic criteria for the grading are generally agreed upon, in the individual case, the final judgement is to some extent still a matter of subjectivity, which naturally impairs reproducibility. The present paper describes a method for quantification of variability of nuclear size and Feulgen-stainability. By plotting the mean optical density against the area value in a scatter-diagram, a cluster is obtained, the size of which reflects the degree of nuclear atypia. The measurements are performed in tissue sections using stage scanning cytophotometry. A computer program--HISTOSCAN--has been developed which enables measurements in highly cellular tissues. The system is also insensitive to the influence of light scattering, a factor of importance when measuring in tissue sections. The performance of the program is tested in both imprints and tissue sections.

Animals↗