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PubMed2023

The complete mitogenome of Paratanakia chii (Cypriniformes; Cyprinidae).

Paratanakia chii is a bitterling fish of the genus Paratanakia, subfamily Acheilognathinae and family Cyprinidae. The mitochondrial DNA sequence of P. chii is reported in this paper. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. chii is 16,575 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 displacement loop (D-loop). The genome sequence is consistent with those of most other carp. The majority of PCGs have AT- (Met) start codons and TA- end codons. The A + T contents of the genome, PCGs, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are 56.92%, 58.07%, 56.34%, and 54.21%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. chii is most closely related to Tanankia himantegus. These data will benefit relative ecological and phylogenetic studies.

Acheilognathinae↗
PubMed2004

Molecular phylogenetic relationships of Eastern Asian Cyprinidae (pisces: cypriniformes) inferred from cytochrome b sequences.

Complete mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences of 54 species, including 18 newly sequenced, were analyzed to infer the phylogenetic relationships within the family Cyprinidae in East Asia. Phylogenetic trees were generated using various tree-building methods, including Neighbor-joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods, with Myxocyprinus asiaticus (family Catostomidae) as the designated outgroup. The results from NJ and ML methods were mostly similar, supporting some existing subfamilies within Cyprinidae as monophyletic, such as Cultrinae, Xenocyprinae and Gobioninae (including Gobiobotinae). However, genera within the subfamily "Danioninae" did not form a monophyletic group. The subfamily Leuciscinae was divided into two unrelated groups: the "Leuciscinae" in East Asia forming as a monophyletic group together with Cultrinae and Xenocyprinae, while the Leucisciriae in Europe, Siberia, and North America as another monophyletic group. The monophyly of subfamily Cyprininae sensu Howes was supported by NJ and ML trees and is basal in the tree. The position of Acheilognathinae, a widely accepted monophyletic group represented by Rhodeus sericeus, was not resolved.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Features of pathogenesis of Diplostomum infection in riverine Abbottina rivularis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Primor'e].

Autopsies of Abbottina rivularis from southern Primorye (drainage-basin of Artyomovka River, Razdolnaya River and Khanka Lake) and southern Sakhalin Island (Maloye Chibisanskoye Lake) revealed high indices of diplostomum-infected lenses of these fishes. The metacercariae have been identified as Diplostomum parviventosum Dubois, 1932, D. huromense (La Rue, 1927), D. helveticum (Dubois, 1929), D. mergi Dubois, 1932, Diplostomum sp. The most lenses of parasitized eyes possessed dorsally situated sperical protrusions of the lens capsule ("cyst"). Earlier, this phenomenon was found by Larson (1965) in naturally infected bullheads (Ictalurus). The metacercarial infection level and its dynamics, age-composition of metacercariae in both lenses and "cysts", and "cysts" production are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Physiological adaptation in relation to hyperosmotic stress in the epidermis of a fresh-water teleost Barbus sophor (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae): a histochemical study.

The changes in distribution of mucopolysaccharides, glycogen and protein bound sulphydryl groups of cysteine in the various cellular components of the epidermis of Barbus sophor along with its structural alterations as a result of hyperosmotic stress, have been described using histochemical techniques. The hyperosmotic saline induces a cyclic secretion of acid mucopolysaccharides by the mucous cells. Simultaneously the polygonal cells also show a marked disturbance in the processes of mucogenesis and keratinization, indicating an inverse relationship between the degree of keratinization and the amount of mucus secreted by epidermis. The role of glycogen in the polygonal cells has been discussed in relation to disturbed mucogenesis. The appearance of intercellular spaces in basal layer and middle layer has been correlated with the passage for movement of increased amounts of nutrients through the skin.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic structure of crucian carp (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Carassius L. 1758) populations of middle-Dnieper basin].

Comparative analysis of Middle Dnieper crucian carp's population structure was made by means of biochemical gene marking, cytometry and biological analysis. As a result the structure was found, which may by expounded like association of the genetically related species and forms. This association consists of diploid C. auratus (which predominates in population), C. carassius (which was found in the some of north-eastern reservoirs only) and triploid C. gibelio. In Ukraine the homogeneous populations of C. gibelio can be found on the north-east of Eastern Ukraine only. Though some of individuals maybe present with diploid C. auratus. Besides were found hybrid form: diploid C. auratus-C. carassius and presumably tetraploid C. auratus-C. gibelio and C. gibelio-C. carassius. However in the tetraploid's spectra were absent a number of specific alleles, that marking C. species-one of the parental species of triploid C. gibelio. Therefore presumptive tetraploids have not difference from C. auratus and diploid C. auratus-C. carassius on the gene markers level. Nevertheless they are neatly diagnose by the erythrocytes which have good difference and are bigger then diploid species erythrocytes in 40% (C. auratus-C. gibelio) and 100% (C. gibelio-C. carassius).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Oxygen uptake during early life in the fresh water fish, Esomus danricus (Ham) (Pisces, Cypriniformes).

O2 uptake in Esomus danricus has been determined in relation to body weight, length and thickness of the water-blood diffusion barrier at 27-28 degrees C temperature. Total O2 consumption in larvae was 1311 ml/kg/h but decreased significantly in juvenile fishes (720 ml/kg/h). The increase in the thickness of water-blood diffusion barrier at the secondary gill lamellae of the fish was found to be an important factor for the decrease in VO2. Logarithmic analyses of data for O2 uptake in relation to body weight gave a slope of 0.8865 for larvae and 0.5053 for juveniles. The exponent values of O2 uptake against diffusion barrier for larvae and juveniles were 1.7383 and 2.0956, respectively. The results obtained indicated that fish have an extra device which helps in extracting about 24% of the total VO2 required for the fulfilment of the metabolic oxygen demand of the body.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Histomorphological and histochemical researches on the digestive tract of the freshwater grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (cypriniformes).

Ctenopharyngodon idella does not have a stomach, as is shown by the absence of gastric glands. The intestine is a simple coiled tube about twice the length of the body, having no valves and no ceca, and it is joined directly to the esophagus. The mucosa is fairly uniform in appearance, being thrown into folds which give it a mesh-like appearance. No multicellular glands can be detected in any part of the alimentary canal. Goblet cells are present: no differences are found in young specimens. Mucous in the goblet cells from young animals shows no differences in the various parts of the intestine. In the adult animals the mucous is markedly acidic in the first part of the intestine. In the young animals some migrant cells are present in the mucosa and in the connective tissue; these being more numerous in the fingerlings of 6--7 cm in length.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Olfactory responses of several species of teleost to F-prostaglandins.

Olfactory responses (EOG: electro-olfactogram) of 11 species of teleost (five Cypriniformes and six non-Cypriniformes) to F-prostaglandins (PGF2 alpha, 15-keto-PGF2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha) were examined. All the Cypriniformes showed distinct EOG responses to F-prostaglandins at 10(-7) M. By contrast, non-Cypriniformes with the exception of ayu, Pleccoglossus altivelis, showed responses to 10(-7) M F-prostaglandins of < 22% of that to 10(-5) M L-serine, and they were anosmic to 10(-8) M F-prostaglandins. These results indicate that F-prostaglandins are potent chemical stimulants in Cypriniformes, and suggest that F-prostaglandins may be commonly used as sex pheromones in Cypriniformes, whereas they seem not to have pheromonal functions in most non-Cypriniformes examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Molecular analysis of ependymins from the cerebrospinal fluid of the orders Clupeiformes and Salmoniformes: no indication for the existence of an euteleost infradivision.

Ependymins represent the predominant protein constituents in the cerebrospinal fluid of many teleost fish and they are synthesized in meningeal fibroblasts. Here, we present the ependymin sequences from the herring (Clupea harengus) and the pike (Esox lucius). A comparison of ependymin homologous sequences from three different orders of teleost fish (Salmoniformes, Cypriniformes, and Clupeiformes) revealed the highest similarity between Clupeiformes and Cypriniformes. This result is unexpected because it does not reflect current systematics, in which Clupeiformes belong to a separate infradivision (Clupeomorpha) than Salmoniformes and Cypriniformes (Euteleostei). Furthermore, in Salmoniformes the evolutionary rate of ependymins seems to be accelerated mainly on the protein level. However, considering these inconstant rates, neither neighbor-joining trees nor DNA parsimony methods gave any indication that a separate euteleost infradivision exists.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Developmental incompatibility between cell nucleus and cytoplasm as revealed by nuclear transplantation experiments in teleost of different families and orders.

Teleosts from different families and orders were used as materials for nuclear transplantation experiments. (1) The nuclei of goldfish (Carassius auratus, family Cyprinidae, order Cypriniformes) were transplanted into the enucleated egg cytoplasm of loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus, family Cobitidae, order Cypriniformes) and vice-versa. (2) The nuclei of Tilapia (oreochromis nilotica, order Perciformes) were transplanted into the enucleated egg cytoplasm of goldfish (Carassius auratus, order Cypriniformes). The chromosome number of the nucleus donor fish is different from that of the cytoplasmic recipient fish in each of the two combinations. In the first case, only a few early nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid (NCH) larval fish were obtained in each combination. In second case, even though a high percentage of NCH blastulas were also obtained, the majority of them died at the same developmental stage, except a few which survived until early gastrula stage. The examination of the metaphase chromosome figures of the NCH blastulas or embryos obtained in all three combinations indicated that they were of nucleus-donor type. The developmental rates of all the NCH eggs were similar to those of cytoplasmic-recipient type. Scanning electronmicroscopy examination showed that the morphology of NCH blastula cells, which were obtained from the combination of Tilapia nucleus and goldfish cytoplasm, manifested obviously abnormal features and the cells were arrested at different stages of cell disintegration. Two-dimension polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms of the homogenates of Tilapia, goldfish and their NCH blastula cells showed that the protein synthetic pattern of NCH blastula was similar to that of Tilapia nucleus type. The results of experiments which failed to obtain NCH adult fish in all three combinations can be explained as a result of developmental incompatibility between the donor nucleus and the enucleated recipient egg cytoplasm, which were from distantly related fish species. And the chromosome numbers of all the component fish of the three combinations which were examined in the experiment and shown to be quite different from each other in the tested fish, should not be overlooked as one of the essential factors causing the developmental incompatibility in NCH fish in this experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Transgenic analysis of Dlx regulation in fish tooth development reveals evolutionary retention of enhancer function despite organ loss.

It has been considered a "law" that a lost structure cannot reappear in evolution. The common explanation, that genes required for the development of the lost structure degrade by mutation, remains largely theoretical, however. Additionally, the extent to which this mechanism applies to systems of repeated parts, where individual modules are likely to exhibit few unique aspects of genetic control, is unclear. We investigated reversibility of evolution in one such system, the vertebrate dentition, using as a model loss of oral teeth in cypriniform fishes, which include the zebrafish. This evolutionary event, which occurred > 50 million years ago, has not been reversed despite subsequent diversification of feeding modes and retention of pharyngeal teeth. We asked whether the cis-regulatory region of a gene whose expression loss parallels cypriniform tooth loss, Dlx2b, retains the capacity for expression in oral teeth. We first created a zebrafish reporter transgenic line that recapitulates endogenous dlx2b expression. We then showed that this zebrafish construct drives reporter expression in oral teeth of the related characiform Astyanax mexicanus. This result, along with our finding that Dlx genes are required for normal tooth development, suggests that changes in trans-acting regulators of these genes were responsible for loss of cypriniform oral teeth. Preservation of oral enhancer function unused for > 50 million years could be the result of pleiotropic function in the pharyngeal dentition. If enhancers of other genes in the tooth developmental pathway are similarly preserved, teeth lost from specific regions may be relatively easy to reacquire in evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The salmonid class I MHC: limited diversity in a primitive teleost.

Three MHC class I genes have been characterized in salmonids: A, B, and UA. Levels of polymorphism vary among the genes, but they all share one common feature: a lack of sequence diversity. Although individual species can carry over 30 alleles at a given locus (A), intraspecific diversity is generally less than 5% in Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus), and less than 10% in Atlantic salmon (genus Salmo). These levels of diversity suggest that few ancient allelic lineages have persisted within species, and that most of the allelic radiation has occurred during or since speciation. Also apparent is the greater retention of allelic lineages in Atlantic salmon than Pacific salmon, which reflects historic differences of the two genera. Comparison of the salmonid class I sequences with those of other teleosts reveals two well supported groups: one containing the Cypriniformes and the salmonid UA, and the other containing the neoteleosts and the salmonid A and B. There is no homology between known Cypriniformes and neoteleostean sequences. If this relationship is borne out, it offers strong support for the hypothesis that the higher teleosts diverged more recently from the Salmoniformes than the Cypriniformes. The salmonid MHC may provide a snapshot of the neoteleostean MHC prior to the extensive class I duplication that has taken place in at least some of the more advanced species.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Complete nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome b gene of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and comparison of sequence homology among channel catfish and other fishes.

To clarify the phylogenic relationship of channel catfish with other fishes, the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene of the catfish was cloned and sequenced. Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) belonging to the family Ictaluridae in the order Siluriformes showed a 78.4-87.4% similarity to all but one fish of the family Cyprinidae and river loach Crossostoma lacustre of the family Balitoridae in the order Cypriniformes in which genes had already been sequenced, and a 97.2% similarity to the goldfish (Carassius auratus) belonging to the family Cyprinidae. Within the family Cyprinidae, a 78.8-89.2% similarity to one another was recorded. In addition, the similarity rate between the family Cyprinidae and the family Balitoridae reached a value of 77.8-79.9% in the order Cypriniformes. Furthermore, in an unrooted phylogenetic tree consisting of four branches among eight fishes, channel catfish and goldfish appeared in the same branch. These results suggested that the Cyt b gene of the channel catfish in the order Siluriformes was closely related to that of a goldfish in the order Cypriniformes. The results were not agreement with the morphological classification. Genetic reclassification of the fishes may be necessary to identify the ancestor. This is the first report on the cloning and complete sequencing the Cyt b gene of the channel catfish which may contribute to the genetic reclassification of catfishes belonging to the order Siluriformes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Ontogeny and homology of the claustra in otophysan Ostariophysi (Teleostei).

We studied the ontogeny of the claustrum comparatively in representatives of all otophysan subgroups. The claustrum of cypriniforms has a cartilaginous precursor, the claustral cartilage, which subsequently ossifies perichondrally at its anterior face and develops an extensive lamina of membrane bone. The membrane bone component of the claustrum and its close association with the atrium sinus imparis, a perilymphatic space of the Weberian apparatus, are both synapomorphies of cypriniforms. The characiform claustrum is not preformed in cartilage and originates as a membrane bone ossification, a putative synapomorphy of that taxon. Among siluriforms, the claustrum is present only in more basal groups and originates as an elongate cartilage that ossifies in a characteristic ventrodorsal direction, possibly a synapomorphy of catfishes. Gymnotiforms lack the claustral cartilage and claustrum. We review all previous hypothesis of claustrum homology in light of the above findings and conclude that the most plausible hypothesis is the one originally proposed by Bloch ([1900] Jen Z Naturw 34:1-64) that claustra are homologs of the supradorsals of the first vertebra.

Animals↗