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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Increasing the effectiveness of contraceptive usage in university students.

Prevention of pregnancy requires correct and consistent use of an effective method of contraception and knowledge alone is not sufficient to ensure such use, as many complex social and behavioral factors influence contraceptive behavior. Women are particularly likely to change their contraceptive method after a contraceptive 'shock'. In this study, the change in contraceptive behavior of a group of university students who presented for emergency contraception is studied. Each student participated in a single individualized educational session. A total of 465 women requested emergency contraception in a 3.5-year period at a large student health center. Of these, 24% had not previously used contraception, 50% had previously used condoms and 25% had taken the pill (COC). Of those who usually used condoms, 79% had had a condom accident and 21% had not used them at the last intercourse. Only 30% of COC users had had a problem with the pill and the remaining 70% were not taking it at the time of last intercourse, for social rather than medical reasons. Follow-up is available for 309 (66.5%). Paired-sample analysis of these women shows a decrease in the number using no contraception (22% to 8%), and an increase in the number using COCs (33% to 66%). These changes reached statistical significance (p < 0.0001). University students, despite their intelligence, exhibit a high degree of risk-taking behavior but become more effective contraceptive users after an interactive counselling session following a contraceptive scare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Oral contraceptive usage and the expression of CA 15-3 and c-erbB-2 in the saliva of healthy women.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine if oral contraceptive use affected the salivary levels of 2 cancer biomarkers, cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), and c-erbB-2 (erb) among women. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 40 women were recruited for this study, 20 controls and 20 using oral contraceptives. The average ages were 27.4 years (control) and 27.1 years (using estrogen supplements). Stimulated whole saliva specimens were collected from each woman. CA 15-3 levels were determined using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) while c-erbB-2 levels were determined by standard ELISA methods. RESULTS: Findings from this study indicate that there were no significant differences between the control and study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, saliva may be a useful tool for monitoring women with high estrogen levels due to either tumor load or any treatment regimen, i.e., the levels of the cancer biomarkers CA 15-3 and erb are not affected by increased levels of estrogen in the body.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Contraceptive usage during lactation in the United States: an update.

National Surveys of Family Growth data showed that as of 1982, most lactating women who were sexually active used a contraceptive method; barrier methods were most frequently used. Black women and women of higher parity and lower educational level were more likely to be sexually active and not using a method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Contraceptive usage during lactation: analysis of 1973 and 1976 National Survey of Family Growth: I. Age and race.

Data from the National Survey of Family Growth are analyzed to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive use during lactation. Approximately 20 per cent of lactating women were sexually active and did not use a method in months two through six, postpartum. Among method users, the largest proportion chose barrier methods but 14 per cent used oral contraceptives in the early postpartum period. Between 1973 and 1976 there was an increase in the percentage of women who utilized a contraceptive method during lactation and a decrease in the per cent using oral contraceptives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Social factors influencing contraceptive usage in the Black population of Rhodesia.

Adoption of family planning practices involves two decisions--acceptance or rejection of, firstly, the concept of voluntary fertility control, and secondly, of the use of contraceptives. Modern contraceptives are a medical innovation. The diffusion process is influenced by social, economic and political factors in the country.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

Neurotologic presentation of sagittal sinus thromboses associated with oral contraceptive usage.

Thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinuses has long been a recognized complication of late stage pregnancy and the puerperium; more recently, this complication has been associated with the use of oral contraceptives. Two cases are presented in which the presenting symptoms of sagittal sinus thrombosis were neurotologic in nature. One case presented with a sudden onset unilateral facial paralysis; another case presented with pressure/fullness sensation in one ear accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Clinical presentation and evaluation of these cases is presented, with a discussion of symptom etiology. Recommended non-invasive medical management methods are discussed. Cases in which the thrombosis involves the sigmoid, transverse, and sagittal sinuses should be suspect for etiologic sources beyond the ear even when the presenting symptoms are neurotologic in nature. Management of these cases is different from that of an otogenic sigmoid sinus thrombosis. A complete medical history taken from women of child bearing age should include the use of oral contraceptives, which may be suspect for inducing intracranial venous thromboses.

Adult↗