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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Herpes simplex virus transmission: condom studies.

The incidence of genital herpes simplex infections has risen at a rapid rate over the past 20 years. Sexually active young adults ask whether condoms will effectively block the transmission of herpes simplex virus from one individual to another. Using a laboratory plunger model to stimulate human coitus, the authors have shown that high concentrations of HSV-2 did not cross the latex or natural membrane condoms that were tested. We have also shown that high concentrations of HSV-2 left in contact with a condom for 8 hr does not penetrate the barrier. This study gives good indirect evidence that condoms block the transmission of herpes simplex virus.

Contraceptive Devices, Male↗
PubMed1991

Subdermal progestin implant contraception.

Sustained-release progestin contraceptives are a new approach to meeting a worldwide need for more effective and acceptable birth control. These contraceptive systems provide low, stable levels of synthetic progestins for periods of months to several years. Unlike earlier injectable and oral contraceptives, they do not cause peaks in progestin levels beyond those required for effective contraception, nor do they employ estrogens. For these reasons, sustained-release progestin systems are without some of the health risks attributed to birth control pills, and they are more effective, as well as easy to use, and completely reversible. They share common side effects, the most frequent of which is irregular menstrual bleeding caused by the erratic shedding of hypotrophic endometrium. Despite this and other minor side effects, most users find the sustained-release systems acceptable alternatives to other methods of contraception. Permanent or biodegradable subdermal implants, injections, intrauterine and intracervical devices, and vaginal rings are all employed as delivery systems for contraceptive progestins. The Norplant (Wyeth Ayerst, Radnor, PA) system, consisting of six silastic tubes filled with levonorgestrel and implanted under the skin, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and is already used by more than a half million women worldwide. The other sustained-release systems are in various stages of development, at least several years away from general use. When these new methods complete clinical trials, women will be able to choose from among implants, injections, or pellets with various durations of action, all providing convenient, highly effective contraception with low risk to health.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of endometrial hyperplasia with levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine devices.

The effectiveness of a new levo-norgestrel releasing intrauterine device is assessed in fourteen patients with histologically confirmed hyperplastic lesions of the endometrial mucosa. The morphologic response of the hyperplastic endometria to the action of the levo-norgestrel in this study explains the regression of the cases so treated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hysteroscopic evaluation of intrauterine progesterone contraceptive system as a treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding.

Intrauterine Progesterone Contraceptive System has been used in twenty patients aged 45 to 52, affected by dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to glandular hyperplasia (6 cases), focal glandular hyperplasia (8 cases), cystic hyperplasia (4 cases) and adenomatous hyperplasia (2 cases). Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy were performed every two months after insertion of IPCS. Complete regression or clear improvement were observed in all cases. The question if regression may be considered permanent or temporary remains to be answered.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Preventing the heterosexual spread of AIDS: what is the best advice if compliance is taken into account?

It has been recently advocated that avoiding partners who may be at high risk of carrying HIV provides 5000-fold better protection against HIV infection than usage of condoms [1]. In this paper, it is demonstrated that this guideline is largely based on unrealistic assumptions. If the sensitivity of identifying high-risk partners, realistic estimates of the efficiency of mechanical and chemical barrier methods, and the compliance in following either strategy are taken into account, use of condoms and/or suppositories containing nonoxynol-9 might be more effective than the attempt to avoid high-risk partners. Thus, both barrier methods should be strongly recommended for casual sexual heterosexual contacts.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The correlation between Chlamydia antigen, antibody, vaginal colonization and contraceptive method in young unmarried women.

In a group of 55 unmarried women, mean age 25 years, attending a family planning clinic and having minor gynecological complaints, the correlation between Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) antigen, CT antibodies, vaginal colonization by Candida or bacteria and the method of contraception was investigated. The correlation between CT antigen and CT antibodies (IgG) was significant in oral contraceptive users (p = 0.003), as was the correlation with vaginal colonization by Candida and potential pathologic bacteria. In the group using the natural family planning method, a statistically significant correlation was found between CT antigen, IgG (p = 0.002), IgA (p = 0.02) antibodies, and vaginal candidiasis (p = 0.002), but not with bacterial colonization (p = 0.90). The discrepancy between CT antigen and antibodies is discussed. Differences in the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection were found among groups using different birth control methods, indicating an association between Chlamydia infection and the contraceptive method used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Commentary: methods women can use that may prevent sexually transmitted disease, including HIV.

Although sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are a major concern for women, few prevention messages are targeted specifically to women. Those that are generally stress abstaining, altering the number or selection of partners, and urging partners to use condoms. But these behaviors may be unrealistic for many women, particularly women who are at highest risk for sexually transmitted diseases, because they require significant changes in life-style or depend on male-controlled condom use. Recommendation of contraceptives for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases depends largely on how well specific methods perform under controlled conditions, either in the laboratory or in clinical trials. Observational studies, which better reflect day-to-day use, indicate that condoms, barriers, and spermicides, used properly and consistently, can provide substantial protection against various sexually transmitted diseases. Condoms can similarly help protect against HIV, but studies of barriers and spermicides are scant and currently inconclusive. Finally, those methods that are controlled by women are consistently more effective in preventing sexually transmitted diseases. Thus, although condoms used well are still the best choice, the imperative for female-controlled methods indicates that diaphragms and spermicides should receive greater emphasis in prevention messages.

Condoms↗