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Results for “Contraception Continuation”

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PubMed2005

Ovarian follicular dynamics during conventional vs. continuous oral contraceptive use.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to characterize ovarian follicular and endometrial development during conventional vs. continuous oral contraceptive (OC) dosing regimens, to explore follicular development during the hormone-free interval (HFI) and to examine follicular development following OC discontinuation. STUDY METHODS: A randomized clinical trial involving 36 clinically normal healthy women between the ages of 18 and 35 years (24.4 +/- 3.9, SEM). Transvaginal ultrasonography and blood sampling were done to ascertain ovarian function. RESULTS: Fewer follicles > 4 mm developed during continuous vs. conventional OC use (p = .006). No dominant follicles developed during continuous OC use vs. eight dominant follicles (16.1 +/- 3.3 mm) during the conventional OC regimen. Two of eight (25%) dominant follicles ovulated. All dominant follicles began development during the HFI. Following discontinuation of OC use, ovulation took approximately 5 days longer when compared to natural cycles. CONCLUSION: Continuous OC regimens more effectively prevent dominant follicle development and breakthrough ovulation. The slight delay in time to ovulation following OC discontinuation and natural cycles could be attributed to suppression of follicle wave activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Contraceptive method continuation according to type of provider.

A study was undertaken at the main PROFAMILIA clinic in Bogota, Colombia to compare the effectiveness of nurses and physicians in the delivery of family planning services. Contraceptive method continuation was the major outcome variable in this analysis. Clients were randomly assigned to physicians or nurses on their first visit and for the duration of care. On all revisits, data were collected pertaining to method prescribed, side effects, pregnancy, and method changes. There was a field survey at eight months to locate clinic drop-outs and determine their contraceptive use status. There were no significant differences in method continuation between clients who received services from physicians and those who received services from nurses. At nine months, the overall continuation of the first method prescribed was 79.1 per cent in the physicians' group and 75.8 per cent in the nurses' group (t = 1.057, p greater than .20). When controlling for first method used, the IUD users in the physicians' group had a continuation rate of 86.1 per cent and in the nurses' group 84.0 per cent (t = 0.556, p greater than .50). Of the pill users who received services from physicians, 78.1 per cent were continuing at nine months and 74.3 per cent of the pill clients in the nurses' group were continuing at nine months (t = 0.573, p greater than .50). There were no differences in pregnancy rates, side effects rates, and method change rates between the two groups. It may be concluded that these nurses were as effective as physicians in the delivery of family planning services.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Menstrual nirvana: amenorrhea through the use of continuous oral contraceptives.

Medically induced amenorrhea has been used successfully in women who have medical conditions that worsen during menstruation. Menstrual suppression through the use of continuous oral contraceptives has been proven to be safe, effective, and extremely acceptable to women. Women without medical indications for menstrual suppression may find medically induced amenorrhea to be a significant improvement in their quality of life. Greater satisfaction with use of oral contraception may encourage compliance and increase the prevalence of pill-related health benefits.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1997

The influence of quality of care upon contraceptive use in rural Bangladesh.

Efforts to develop quantitative indicators of quality of care for family planning services, and to evaluate its role in contraceptive behavior, remain at an early stage. The present study, based upon an analysis of prospective data from a sample of 7,800 reproductive-aged rural Bangladeshi women, provides empirical evidence on the importance of quality of care for contraceptive practice. The results demonstrate that the perceptions of women regarding the quality of field-worker care were significantly related to the probability of subsequent adoption of a family planning method. Women who were not using a method and who scored high on an index of perceived quality of care were 27 percent more likely to adopt a method subsequently, compared with women with a low score. Effects were even more pronounced for contraceptive continuation; high quality of care was associated with a 72 percent greater likelihood of continued use of any method of contraception.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Safety and efficacy of an extended-regimen oral contraceptive utilizing continuous low-dose ethinyl estradiol.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Seasonique, a 91-day extended-regimen oral contraceptive (OC) utilizing continuous low-dose ethinyl estradiol (EE) during the typical hormone-free interval. METHODS: A multicenter, open-label, 1-year study of Seasonique [30 microg EE/150 microg levonorgestrel (LNG)] for 84 days followed by EE 10 microg for 7 days was conducted in sexually active, adult women of childbearing potential. All patients completed daily electronic diaries to monitor compliance and bleeding. RESULTS: Method failure rate was 0.78 (Pearl index) and 0.64% (life table analysis). Cycle control and safety of the regimen were similar to that reported for other OCs. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Seasonique is effective, safe and well tolerated for the prevention of pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Semiquantitative evaluation of isotope nephrograms in long-term continuous intake of contraceptive steroids].

The renal function of a total of 137 women without renal diseases taking contraceptive steroids continuously but for different periods of time (up to a maximum of 8 years) was investigated by isotope nephrography. Checking is done by using the semiquantitative evaluation prameters according to Zum Winkel. The results show that the application of hormonal contraceptives does not induce significant changes of renal function in the isotope nephrogram.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Community-based distribution and contraception usage in Iran.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the availability of free contraception from family planning clinics, the rate of unwanted pregnancy in Iran is still high. The effectiveness of other methods for contraceptive supply should, therefore, be evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of community-based distribution (CBD) on contraceptive usage in Iran. METHODS: This controlled field trial study involved 297 individuals (100 subjects in the CBD group and 197 subjects in the control group) from four major remote areas of Hamedan, Iran. Stratified random sampling was used. RESULTS: Data analysis suggested that using CBD has four major effects: (1) it increases the level of contraceptive knowledge (p<0.0001), (2) it enhances correct contraceptive choice by couples (p<0.0001), (3) it improves contraceptive usage (p<0.0001) and (4) it improves contraceptive continuation rates (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: CBD facilitates better knowledge, proper choice, and correct and continuous usage of contraception. This method should, therefore, be adopted for family planning services in remote areas of Iran.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Use and misuse of oral contraceptives: risk indicators for poor pill taking and discontinuation.

The contraceptive efficacy of oral contraceptives (OCs) depends on their proper and continued use, particularly with lower estrogen preparations. However, few studies have examined why women miss pills or discontinue OCs, and those that do tend to be small and to focus on adolescents. To address the issues of poor OC compliance and early OC discontinuation, we analyzed OC use in a convenience sample of 6,676 women between the ages of 16 and 30 from Denmark, France, Italy, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. Logistic regression was used to examine the independent effect of each factor. Poor compliance was associated with a lack of established routine for pill-taking (relative risk [RR] = 3.3), failure to read and understand written materials that came with the OC package (RR = 2.2), not receiving adequate information or help about OCs from their health care provider (RR = 1.5), and occurrence of certain side effects, including hirsutism (RR = 2.1), nausea (RR = 1.4), bleeding irregularities (RR = 1.3), and breast tenderness (RR = 1.2). Women who were inconsistent OC users, missing one or more pills per cycle, were almost three times as likely to experience an unintended pregnancy while using OCs than were women who took their OCs consistently. Factors that predicted early discontinuation (women who wished to continue contraceptive protection but discontinued OC use) were primarily side effects, including nausea (RR = 2.1), bleeding (RR = 1.9), breast tenderness (RR = 1.8), mood changes (RR = 1.8), and weight gain (RR = 1.4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of oral contraceptive formulation and field-workers: a cautionary tale.

This paper examines oral contraceptive continuation rates and reported side effects in a large scale clinical research project conducted in Sri Lanka. The project evaluated standard- and low-dose pills used with and without vitamin supplements. Differences in continuation rates and perception of side effects are used to illustrate the impact that family planning field-workers can have on women's use of oral contraceptives.

Attitude↗
PubMed1989

Measuring the quality and duration of contraceptive use: an overview of new approaches.

This paper provides an overview of recently developed approaches to the measurement of contraceptive continuation and failure rates, using retrospective survey data rather than the data from clinical trials or program statistics which are more traditionally used. The approaches fall into 2 categories, 1 relying on retrospective contraceptive histories and the other on current status information. The 1st section of the paper discusses the need for new methodologies; conventional applications using clinic and acceptor data are described, some recent results from developed countries presented, and their limitations illustrated. In the 2nd section, each new approach is presented in terms of its data requirements, methods of calculation, and empirical applications. Finally, potential sources of bias and the ability of the approaches to accommodate them are discussed.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does choice make a difference to contraceptive use? Evidence from east Java.

This study investigates sustained use of contraceptives among women in East Java, Indonesia. Interest is focused on the effect of whether the client's choice of contraceptive method was granted or denied, and the interaction between whether choice was granted or denied and husband-wife concurrence concerning method choice. Data were collected twice in a panel survey. The first round was conducted in family planning clinics among women initiating contraceptive use; the second was a follow-up household survey carried out 12 months later. Whether the user was granted her choice of method was found to be a very important determinant of sustained use of contraceptives. The interaction between whether choice was granted and whether there was husband-wife concurrence on method choice was also important. The highest rate of discontinuation occurred when method choice was denied in the presence of husband-wife agreement on method choice, and the lowest rate occurred when method choice was granted in the presence of such concurrence. The results imply that contraceptive continuation can be enhanced either when family planning workers pay more attention to the stated desires of their clients, or when policy is instituted allowing clients to use their method of choice.

Choice Behavior↗