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Results for “Consummatory Behavior”

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PubMed1981

Morphine antagonists and consummatory behaviors.

Opiate antagonists were tested for their effects upon either drinking or eating in eight experiments. Naloxone, nalorphine, and the active isomer of WIN 44,441 all reduce drinking. Neither an analog of nalorphine that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, nor the inactive isomer of WIN 44,441 is effective in reducing water intake. These data provide support for the conclusion that these antagonists ahve stereospecific effects within the central nervous system. Naloxone suppresses drinking following procedures inducing osmotic, volemic, or hormonal thirst. Naloxone suppresses eating following procedures inducing glucoprivation but does not alter eating elicited by tail-pressure. Collectively, these data lead to the conclusion that endorphins play a role in the organization of ingestive behavior following challenges to homeostasis.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1991

The effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on food intake and consummatory behavior in lactating rats.

Rats are less sensitive to the satiating effect of CCK-8 during some reproductive states such as estrus and proestrus, and in ovariectomized rats following the administration of estradiol and progesterone. The sensitivity of rats to CCK-8's effect on food intake decreases as lactation progresses. During lactation, prolactin and progesterone levels are elevated. Implantation of ectopic pituitaries increases prolactin levels in males and females as well as progesterone levels in females. To evaluate whether or not prolactin elevation modifies CCK's effect on feeding, we studied the effect of CCK-8 on food intake during the early dark cycle in male and female rats implanted with ectopic pituitaries. As previously demonstrated, prolactin levels were elevated in both male and female pituitary-implanted rats and progesterone levels were elevated in the female rats. CCK-8 inhibited food intake in sham-operated male rats, but did not reliably decrease early dark cycle food intake in sham-operated or pituitary-implanted female rats or pituitary-implanted male rats. Thus an elevation in prolactin levels does not appear to modify the effect of CCK-8 on food intake in female rats. We also evaluated the effect of CCK on consummatory and maternal behavior in lactating rats. CCK-8 altered the meal patterns of lactating rats primarily by decreasing the rate of food consumption and increasing the latency to the first meal. The latency to the first meal of rats receiving CCK was increased during early and mid-lactation and the PW period, but not during late lactation compared to that of the saline-injected rats. CCK-8 did not modulate any of the maternal behaviors studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Relations between muricide, circadian rhythm and consummatory behavior.

Three forms of behavior--muricide, eating, and drinking--have been studied at six photic periods during a 12/12 hr light/dark circadian cycle to which the subjects have been habituated. One hundred and eight rats served as subjects, 18 per photic period. The frequency of muricide was recorded for each period and subsequent food and water intakes were measured during a 1 hr test period. Results show a significantly higher frequency of muricide during the dark than during periods of light. Food intake covaried significantly with the incidence of muricide rs = 0.89, p less than 0.05), while no such relationship was found between muricide and water intake (rs = 0.17, p less than 0.05). The findings are consistent with reports of circadian changes in other rodent behaviors, including rhythmicity in home-cage and in shock-induced aggression. Covariation of muricide and eating does not establish a causal relation between the two. Three models of physiological mechanisms which might provide substrates for the covariance are discussed.

Aggression↗
PubMed2004

Use of an analog task to study effects of diazepam on taste perception, consummatory behaviors, and risk taking in a social context.

In the present study, the authors examined the effects of diazepam (Valium) on various physical, social, and emotional variables within the framework of a task designed to test risk-taking behavior. Participants received either 10 mg of diazepam or a placebo. After the participants tasted strong-flavored liquids, they were able to engage in a risky behavior (i.e., drinking from a confederate's "used" water bottle). Half the participants received additional verbal pressure to drink from the bottle. The authors expected that diazepam would increase health-risk behavior, but the results were inconsistent with that prediction. The second goal of the experiment was to explore diazepam's effects on arousal, mood, social anxiety, and taste. Diazepam users exhibited differences in taste perception and social anxiety, which might in part explain the health-risk results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Influence of ethanol on contrast in consummatory behavior.

Negative contrast that occurs when rats are shifted from 32% to 4% sucrose was reduced by IP injections of ethanol (1.0 g/kg) on postshift day 2, but not on postshift day 1. Smaller doses (0.25 and 0.5 g/kg) were ineffective, while larger doses (1.5 and 2 g/kg) produced sedation. A dose of 0.75 g/kg had effects similar to the 1.0 g/kg dose when administered on post-shift day 2. These results parallel those obtained with chlordiazepoxide and differ somewhat from amobarbital treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Suppression of operant vs consummatory behavior.

The magnitude and variability of conditioned suppression of bar pressing and dipper licking were compared. In two steady-state experiments, suppression of bar pressing was more profound and more stable from day to day. The two measures of suppression were uncorrelated as indexed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients computed for adjacent trials. Correlations within measures (internal consistency) were somewhat higher for the bar-press system except when a high proportion of rats completely suppressed on one of the correlated trials. In a transient state experiment in which possible adventitious punishment of both response systems was eliminated, suppression of bar pressing was again more profound and considerably slower to extinguish.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of varied taste experience on negative contrast in consummatory behavior.

Rats shifted from 32% to 4% sucrose consume less 4% sucrose than animals that experience only the 4% solution. Previous experiments have suggested that a stress/emotional factor may be causally related to this negative contrast effect on the second postshift day, but not on the first postshift day. The present experiment was concerned with the possibility that contrast on the first postshift day is related to a neophobic response to the postshift solution. Results showed that giving animals experience with variously flavored (seven different flavors) 32% sucrose during the preshift period reduced degree of contrast when the animals were shifted to 4% sucrose. These data are considered in terms of solution novelty, specific loss of "sweetness", and caloric loss as contributors to negative contrast.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropeptide Y: a potent inducer of consummatory behavior in rats.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide with potent cardiovascular effects. In the present study, intraventricular injection of NPY was shown to markedly stimulate feeding and drinking during the illuminated period of the light/dark cycle, a time when rats ingest small amounts of food. It also enhanced nocturnal food and water intake following a 24 hour period of food deprivation and during nocturnal feeding. The NPY induction of food intake was suppressed by the opiate antagonist, naloxone, and by the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol. Phentolamine, an alpha adrenergic antagonist, failed to suppress NPY-induced feeding. Based on the maximum quantity of food which was ingested following central administration of NPY, this peptide appears to represent one of the most potent stimulators of feeding yet to be described.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Consummatory behaviors and weight regulation in pregnant, lactating, and pregnant-lactating mice.

Pregnant Rockland-Swiss (R-S) albino mice consumed significantly more food and water and gained significantly more weight between gestation days 8-17 compared to virgin R-S females maintained in isolation for a comparable period. Postpartum (days 1-10) patterns of ingestion and weight change among thelectomized (nipple-deprived) mouse dams provided with young did not differ significantly from those of virgin animals without young. Sham- and nonoperated dams received suckling stimulation from young and consumed about 100% more food than thelectomized or virgin females (Experiment 1). Pregnancy concurrent with lactation does not increase further the hyperphagic response of female mice. Nipple presence is the principle regulator of postpartum hyperphagia in lactating and simultaneously pregnant-lactating mouse dams (Experiment 2).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Selective breeding for negative contrast in consummatory behavior.

Rats showing either large or small reductions in licking following a shift from 32% to 4% sucrose were selectively bred for 7 generations. Rats from the 2 resulting lines reliably differed in successive negative contrast and in activity (radial-arm maze and open field). Differences in activity and contrast were not correlated. Heritability (h2) of the reaction to sucrose shift was reliable in the last 6 filial generations and equaled 0.64 in the F7 generation. The 2 lines did not differ (a) in response to the absolute rewarding value of sucrose or cocaine; (b) in open-field defecations or thigmotaxis; (c) in anticipatory contrast; or (d) in responsivity to midazolam. Responsivity to reward reduction may involve a relatively delimited psychological process that is amenable to selection.

Animals↗