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Results for “Compulsive Behavior”

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PubMed2002

Fear, anger and compulsive behavior during seizure: involvement of large scale fronto-temporal neural networks.

UNLABELLED: Seizure-related, abnormal affective and gestural behavior may involve some of the same processes as those underlying non-pathological behavior, but their mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this report, we studied a patient in whom seizures initially involved the medial temporal region before involving the frontal cortex. Seizure semiology of the second part of the seizure included marked emotional disturbances (dominated by intense fear and anger) and compulsive behavior to bite into something. This patient underwent presurgical evaluation including intracerebral electroencephalographic recordings (SEEG, stereoelectroencephalography). METHODS: In addition to SEEG examination, we used coherence analysis of signals as a means of studying functional coupling between different regions of the brain. Two seizures were studied. Coherence values from different periods of interest were compared to identify the neural structures involved at the onset of seizure activity as well as during the emotional behavioral changes. RESULTS: A first network of neural structures was identified within the right anterior temporal regions (amygdala, temporal pole, hippocampus, temporal neocortex). At the time of intense affective and compulsive changes, and by comparison with the first ictal period, a second network was identified characterized by significant functional coupling between the amygdala, the orbito-frontal structures and the frontal opercular region, while a decrease in functional coupling between these regions and the dorsolateral region and the cingulate gyrus was apparent. CONCLUSION: This study show that the emergence of an intense affective and behavioral state during a temporal lobe seizure could be related to the involvement of a network of structures including the anterior temporal lobe and the orbito-frontal cortex. The decrease of coupling between these regions and the lateral prefrontal and cingulate regions could also participate in these phenomena.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Compulsive behavior in the 5-HT2C receptor knockout mouse.

The efficacy of serotonergic pharmacotherapy indicates that serotonin (5-HT) plays a role in the treatment, if not the etiology, of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While some clinical evidence implicates 5-HT(2C) receptors in this disorder, a definitive function has yet to be validated. We hypothesized that 5-HT(2C) receptor knockout (KO) mice may display compulsive-like behavior. This paper describes characterization of several distinct, highly organized behaviors in mice lacking functional 5-HT(2C) receptors, which supports a compulsive-like syndrome.Compulsive-like behavior was assessed in male 5-HT(2C) receptor KO and wildtype (WT) mice. Chewing of non-nutritive clay, chewing patterns on plastic-mesh screens, and the frequency of head dipping were measured. 5-HT(2C) receptor KO mice chewed more clay, produced a distinct pattern of "neat" chewing of plastic screens and exhibited reduced habituation of head dipping activity compared to WT mice. We conclude that the 5-HT(2C) receptor null mutant mouse provides a promising model of compulsive behavior and a means to further explore the role of 5-HT in OCD.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Religiosity and obsessive-compulsive behavior in Israeli Jews.

Individual differences in obsessive-compulsive (OC) behavior in various cultures correlate with religiosity. The current paper explored the so far unstudied relationship between religiosity and OC behavior in Israeli Jews. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 focused on the relationship between religiosity and OC behavior in a representative sample of Israeli students. Study 2 focused on religious change and OC behavior in a non-random sample of 31 individuals who had become more religious (the MR group), and 30 individuals who were less religious (the LR group) than their parents. Instruments used were the Maudsley obsessive-compulsive inventory (MOCI), the student religiosity questionnaire, and questions about parental home observance, upbringing, and changes in religiosity. In the first study, no association was found between religiosity and OC behavior. Religiosity was related to some degree to perfectionism and to the parental attitude to upbringing. In the second study, a significant difference was observed between the MR and the LR groups on OC behavior as measured by the MOCI. Conclusion, among Israeli Jews a lot of religious observance is non-reflective, and is not associated with individual differences in personality or OC symptoms. Those who undergo religious change may do so in response to their behavioral propensities. One such path is that the more OC become MR, and the less OC less religiously observant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Genetic and environmental contributions underlying stability in childhood obsessive-compulsive behavior.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the stability of obsessive-compulsive (OC) behavior during childhood. The objective of this study is to determine the developmental stability of pediatric OC behavior and the genetic and environmental influences on stability in a large population-based twin sample. METHODS: Maternal and paternal ratings on the 8-item Obsessive Compulsive Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL-OCS) on Dutch mono- and dizygotic twin pairs from 8083 families were collected at ages 7, 10, and 12 years. Using a longitudinal twin design, stability of OC behavior and genetic and environmental influences on stability were determined. Using cutoff criteria, persistent, resilient, and new onset cases were identified in this sample. RESULTS: OC behavior assessed by the CBCL-OCS showed a moderate stability with phenotypic correlations of around .50 for boys and for girls. Stability of OC behavior was influenced by genetic factors, by environmental factors shared by children growing up in the same family, and by non-shared environmental factors. Stability for OCS was lower when categorical data were analyzed than when quantitative definitions were used. CONCLUSIONS: OC behavior is moderately stable in childhood. Stability of OC behavior is influenced by genetic, shared, and non-shared environmental factors.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Rituals, stereotypy and compulsive behavior in animals and humans.

From a survey of the behavior of animals in the wild, in captivity, under the influence of psychoactive drugs and in a model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we identify that the behavioral repertoire invariably includes motor rituals, and that such rituals are performed at a few specific locations/objects in the environment with an orderly transition amongst locations/objects. The concept and parameters of this stable organization of rituals in time and space were used to analyze rituals of OCD patients, compared with control individuals performing the same actions (e.g. car locking). It was found that human rituals also converged to a few places/objects where repetitive acts were performed in a regular order, with the acts in OCD patients overlapping with those of control individuals. Across a very diverse range of animals and conditions, motor rituals are thus characterized by their close linkage to a few environmental locations and the repeated performance of relatively few acts. Such similarity in form may reflect a similarity in the mechanisms that control motor rituals in both animals and humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Development of a state measure of obsessive compulsive behavior.

The Reaction Inventory-Interference was developed to identify obsessional thoughts and compulsive acts, which interfere with an individual's daily activities. The 50 items in the inventory were administered to 172 Ss. On the basis of item test correlations, 40 items were retained for subsequent analyses. The estimate of internal consistency for the 40 item inventory was .95. The correlation between the 40-item inventory and the "symptom" score on the Leyton Obsessional Inventory was .66. Factor analysis of the 40-item inventory yielded nine factors.

Compulsive Behavior↗
PubMed2003

Obsessive-compulsive behaviors in parents of multiplex autism families.

Parents of autistic probands with high and low rates of repetitive behaviors were compared for rates of obsessive-compulsive traits and disorder. The rate of repetitive behaviors was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in 176 autistic probands from 57 multiplex families. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in parents was determined by direct interview using a parental history questionnaire, with screening for obsessive-compulsive traits using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale checklist. Children who had high total scores on the repetitive behavior domain of the ADI-R were significantly more likely to have one or both parents with obsessive-compulsive traits or disorder compared with children who had low total scores on this domain. Children with high scores on D1/D2 of the ADI-R (narrow restricted interests and rituals) were significantly more likely to have one or both parents with OCD, especially fathers, than those with low D1/D2. The occurrence of obsessive-compulsive traits or disorder in parents of autistic children in multiplex families is significantly more likely if autistic children have a high occurrence of repetitive behaviors. Dichotomizing autistic probands by severity and type of repetitive behaviors (circumscribed interests and compulsive rituals) may yield more homogenous groups, which could be helpful in genetic linkage studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Emergence of compulsive behavior and tantrums in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Many adults with Prader-Willi syndrome are affected by behaviors such as tantrums, skin-picking, and compulsions. The nature and extent of these problems suggest more attention be directed to their emergence in childhood. Our purpose was to investigate behavior problems in children with this syndrome and identify the age at which these behaviors emerge. Parents of children with Prader-Willi syndrome, Down syndrome, and those developing typically completed questionnaires. Children with Prader-Willi syndrome exhibited more compulsions, skin-picking, and tantrums than did the other groups. A discriminant analysis of behavior variables derived two statistically significant functions that were interpreted as developmental milestones and problematic behavior. These functions correctly predicted membership for 79% of grouped cases.

Child↗