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PubMed1995

The negotiating strategies determining coitus in stable heterosexual relationships.

Heterosexual behaviour is a complex subject and one which is aggravated by confounding variables. Few studies have investigated the way in which one variable, namely coitus, is initiated and negotiated in stable marital relationships. As the HIV/AIDS pandemic spreads in sub-Saharan Africa, the subject of marital coitus becomes of increasing concern. This study tests a methodology of semi-structured interviews and diary-keeping techniques to investigate how the activity is initiated and negotiated. A research team monitored the study and evaluated the research techniques. The study concluded that the HIV/AIDS pandemic is affecting the initiation and negotiation of coitus between marital partners and that the partners wish to renegotiate the relationship, but the mechanisms for renegotiation are not at present available.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Vaginal injuries during coitus].

Based on a prospective study on a continuous series of women admitted on emergency for post-coitus hemorrhage. The authors present an epidemiology and prognosis of vaginal injuries in to coitus in the Dakar University Teaching Hospital. Over a period of 33 months (October 1991 to December 1994), 106 cases were recorded, giving an incidence rate of 32 cases per year. The average profile is that of young women (26 years), usually during the post-partum period (41.5%) or in the second phase of menstrual cycle (32%). The main influencing factors found included: chronic vaginal infection (74%), position during coitus (especially that dorsal decubitus with hyperflexion and abduction of the lower members (56%), sexual abstinence of 3 months on average (21 days to 2 years), and use of aggressive product "aphrodisiac" for vaginal mucus. The damage was most often located at the bottom of dead end of Douglas and could be estimated at 5 cm long and 5 mm deep. The immediate prognosis was favourable, after stitching with absorbable thread, healing was obtained within 8 to 15 days. Given a retrospective view about 2 to 5 years, morbidity was represented by 3 recurrent cases and 13% after effects of the deep dyspareunia type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Coital behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge of students who experience early coitus.

The purpose of this study was to investigate coital behavior, contraceptive practices, and attitudinal and knowledge differences between "early coital initiators" (subjects having initial coitus at 16 years or younger) and "late coital initiators" (subjects having initial coitus from 17 to 20 years of age). Data were compiled from the results of a questionnaire administered to 929 students enrolled in personal health courses at 14 colleges and universities. The sample used for analysis included only the never-married coitally experienced males and females aged 20 and older (N = 396). The results suggested that late coital initiators: were more effective contraceptors during initial coitus; had more committed relationships with their initial sex partners; engaged in more discussion about and planning for contraceptive use; and used more authoritative and reliable sources for contraceptive information than their younger counterparts. Both groups scored very low on basic knowledge questions concerning fertility, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases. These results mandate greater public concern and involvement to delay early coital experiences and prevent unprotected sexual intercourse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Coitus during pregnancy, vaginal flora and fetal outcome].

We studied a total of 105 women in late pregnancy in intervals of 2 to 4 weeks. At each prenatal visit we asked about the frequency of coital activity during the last 2 weeks, and took a vaginal smear for gram-staining. The frequency of coitus decreased with advancing gestational age. After 35 weeks, 42% of gravidae still reported coitus, one fourth of them with a frequency of more than 2 times per week. Purulent vaginal discharge and candidiasis were seen more often in women with frequent coital activity. There was no relationship between the frequency of coitus after 30 weeks and onset of labor or premature rupture of the membranes and fetal outcome (meconium staining, Apgar score, umbilical artery blood pH). Our study shows that a large percentage of pregnant women are sexually active near term. A negative influence of coital activity in late pregnancy on delivery and fetal outcome is not to be expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of propranolol on heart rate, blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline during coitus in the rabbit.

1. The effects of coitus on heart rate, blood pressure and plasma concentration of noradrenaline were studied in six male rabbits. 2. During coitus, heart rate rose from 228 +/- 6 to 324 +/- 8 beats/min (mean +/- SEM; n = 24). Mean blood pressure rose from 87 +/- 3 to 165 +/- 4 mmHg, and plasma concentration of noradrenaline from 2.07 +/- 0.21 to 5.02 +/- 0.26 nmol/l. The maximum heart rate did not occur until after the peak in blood pressure. 3. Propranolol had no effect on the power expended during coitus, but there was a dose dependent fall in the changes in heart rate, blood pressure and plasma concentration of noradrenaline.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of coitus on serum levels of testosterone and LH in male and female rabbits.

Levels of testosterone (T) and LH in the peripheral serum of male and female rabbits were measured and compared following coitus. Blood was collected by heart puncture from restrained, unanesthetized animals of both sexes. In male rabbits, basal serum T levels were highly variable, ranging from 131 to 12,149 pg/ml, and if low preceding coitus they tended to rise; whereas, if high, they usually dropped as they did in nonmated males subjected to repeated heart punctures. In contrast, basal serum LH levels in males were quite constant (mean +/- SE, 1993 +/- 152 pg/ml) and were not significantly altered after coitus unless blood T levels had been drastically lowered by two priming doses of estradiol benzoate. In intact does, on the other hand, copulation which resulted in ovulation induced an approximately 20-fold increase in serum LH concentration which was sustained for about 4 hr. Postcoital elevations in serum LH also occurred in estrogen-primed intact and estrogen-primed ovariectomized does. Under the conditions of our experiments, the parallel elevations in serum LH and T observed postcoitally in the female rabbit could not be demonstrated in the male.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First coitus for adolescents: understanding why and when.

BACKGROUND: Correlates of initiation of coitus for teenagers were examined, and participants were asked their reasons for initiating or postponing the onset of coitus. METHODS: Questionnaires were completed privately by 218 patients aged 13 to 18 years. Questions explored the reasons adolescents cite for their sexual decisions and the role of peer influence in these decisions. RESULTS: Correlation was noted in young teenagers between perception of peer sexual behavior and participant's initiation of coitus. Reasons stated for engaging in first intercourse reflect both active choices and loss of control. Reasons for refraining included fear of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, lack of developmental readiness and opportunity, and social sanctions. Morality was cited infrequently as a reason for postponing sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that sexuality education should address the direct and curious questions of younger teenagers about sexuality, help youth define strategies that they can use to evaluate and resist peer pressure, and give more generalized attention to ways of helping youth feel competent. Physicians and other health educators might focus on helping older youth define how and when they know they are ready to have intercourse, consider ways of expressing sexuality that do not jeopardize health, and improve communication skills when talking with friends and potential partners about sexual issues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A model of premarital coitus and contraceptive behavior among female adolescents.

At the most general level, I seek to model female adolescent sexual and contraceptive behavior in terms of the social context in which it occurs. Drawing on emerging theoretical literature pertaining to social exchange theory and changes in the social positions of women (and men) and also on existing substantive literature, I apply these notions to adolescent sexuality and contraceptive usage. The reviews of the literature reveal a number of inconsistencies among those factors (variables) advanced to explain both the prevalence and frequency of premarital coitus and contraceptive employment. Furthermore, as there is a paucity of well-developed theoretical models that might explain these inconsistencies, what is needed is an additional study that seeks to examine the net effects of those variables used in the literature to explain variations in female premarital coitus and contraceptive use. The present formulation is a two-stage causal model that can be used to estimate the impact of these variables on premarital coital behavior (stage 1) and subsequent contraceptive usage (stage 2). These models, and a concomitant set of hypotheses, take into account an array of the more significant sociological and social psychological variables as far as the prediction of the two phenomena in question are concerned. These models may be useful in guiding future research as they graphically display the relationships between these sets of variables within the context of a more general theory of human behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Age at beginning of coitus versus chronologic age as a basis for Papanicolaou smear screening: an analysis of 747 cases of preinvasive disease.

Disease onset in 747 routinely screened women who developed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was analyzed. Average age at diagnosis was 30 years; the range was 16 to 71 years. In 19% diagnosis was made after age 35, and in 1% after age 60. Grouping cases by age at beginning of coitus produced significant differences (p less than 0.001) in cumulative proportions of patients with the diagnosis made at any age. In 11% of patients initiating intercourse between ages 15 and 17 diagnosis was made after age 35; the figure was 19% for the 18 to 19 age group and 36% for the 20+ group. Screening by chronologic age is effective for women initiating intercourse early. Screening by years of exposure to intercourse produced a uniform distribution regardless of age at beginning of coitus. In 75% the diagnosis was made within the first 15 years of intercourse, in 88% by year 20; and in 97% by year 30. In 70% the diagnosis was made between 6 and 20 years. Cytologic surveillance should be concentrated during the sixth through twentieth years when most cases develop.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Coitus-induced ovulation and sex ratio in man.

It is hypothesised that the occurence of coitus-induced ovulation could be an important factor affecting the sex ratio in human progeny. The slight preponderance of males in human sex ratio at birth, 106 : 100, could be influenced considerably by the coitus-induced occurence.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Coitus-induced orgasm stimulates prolactin secretion in healthy subjects.

Previous data have indicated that orgasm produces marked alterations in plasma prolactin concentrations in men and women. Thus, the current study aimed to extend these data by examining prolactin response to coitus in healthy males and females. Ten pairs of healthy heterosexual couples participated in the study. Blood was drawn continuously for 20 min before, during, and until 60 min following sexual intercourse and orgasm. Plasma was subsequently analysed for prolactin concentrations. Coitus-induced orgasm produced a marked elevation of plasma prolactin in both males and females. Plasma prolactin concentrations remained elevated 1 h following orgasm. These data, together with previous evidence that masturbation-induced orgasm produces pronounced, long-lasting increases in plasma prolactin concentrations in both males and females, suggest a role for acute prolactin alterations in modifying human sexual desire following orgasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Coitus-induced ovulation and its implications for estimates of some reproductive parameters.

It is estimated here that, at the time of conception, the mean coital rate of young women who subsequently bear DZ twins is about 6% higher than that of the general population of young married women. This differential seems too small to account wholly for the greater promptness in conceiving DZ twins. Accordingly, it is suggested that coital rate is associated with DZ twinning in two ways. The major link seems to be indirect and mediated by erotic response which causes an increase in gonadotrophin levels and thus in double ovulation. In a minority of cases, frequent coitus may give rise to DZ twins via superfecundation, but it seems that, in human beings, the corpus luteum of one ovum will usually inhibit fertilization of any further ova after a short interval. The evidence presented here, though indirect, seems to suggest that, under particularly erotic conditions, double ovulation is sometimes induced. It seems reasonable to infer that coitus also occasionally provokes or accelerates single ovulations, thus impugning some rhythm methods of contraception. But there seems no very good evidence that rape induces ovulation. Some notes are added on the implications of induced ovulation for estimates of fecundability and of the length of the fertile period.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Knowledge of possible pregnancy at first coitus: a study of in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.

This paper discusses the reproductive health knowledge of Nigerian in-school adolescents, with special reference to pregnancy occurrence at first coitus. The data were derived from an Association for Reproductive and Family Health (ARFH) survey carried out in four secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria, between August and October 1995. A total of 828 students were interviewed. The results revealed that the majority of sexually active adolescents were not aware of the consequences of their actions. Religious affiliation and number of wives in a male adolescent's family, and religion and marital status of a female adolescent's parents, were found to influence adolescents' knowledge of pregnancy probability at first coitus. This paper confirms earlier findings that the majority of Nigerian adolescents do not know the consequences of sex. Therefore, a clear-cut plan of action is needed to inform sexually active adolescents through an effective sex education programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Marital coitus across the life course.

It remains unclear whether the frequency of marital coitus does in fact decline universally across the life course, what shape that decay normally takes, and what best accounts for it: increasing marriage duration, women's age or age of their partners. Using cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 91,744 non-abstaining women in their first marriage, a generalized linear model is used to determine if there is a consistent pattern in the life course pattern of degradation in the frequency of marital coitus. Datasets were drawn from nineteen countries in Asia, Africa and the Americas. Use of very large samples allows proper disentangling of the effects of women's age, husband's age and marital duration, and use of samples from multiple countries allows consideration of the influence of varied prevailing fertility regimes and fertility-related practices on life course trajectories. It is found that declining coital frequency over time seems a shared demographic feature of human populations, but whether marriage duration, wife's age or husband's age is most responsible for that decline varies by country. In many cases, coital frequency actually increases with women's age into their thirties, once husband's age and marriage duration are taken into account, but in most cases coital frequency declines with husband's age and marital duration.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

An unusual cause of incontinence: urethral coitus.

Megalourethra and incontinence due to urethral coitus are very rare phenomena in women. In this paper, we report two cases of urinary incontinence due to urethral coitus where there was no vaginal anomaly or dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Quantitation of vaginal acid phosphatase and its relationship to time of coitus.

In cases of alleged sexual assault a quantitative vaginal acid phosphatase determination may indicate not only the presence of seminal fluid but also the approximate time of coitus, even in the absence of spermatozoa. A method of obtaining and handling vaginal swabs allowing for acid phosphatase determination and examination for spermatozoa was developed. Postcoital samples were obtained from 26 women and analyzed for ACP activity. Quantitative levels of ACP were related to time since coitus. These levels were compared with those found in 104 cases of alleged sexual assault and in 27 women volunteers.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Validity of questionnaire information on frequency of coitus.

A total of 91 women provided reproductive histories, including usual frequency of coitus, at their enrollment into prospective studies conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, in 1984-1986. Those data were compared with coital data recorded during study participation. Overall, women reported a significantly higher frequency of coitus on the interviewer-administered questionnaire than they recorded daily, by an average of 0.8 episodes per week. The size of this difference did not vary significantly for subgroups of women defined by demographic and other covariates. Excluding days of menses from the prospective records reduced the difference by 25%. The authors attribute the overestimate on the questionnaire to a tendency to report a coital frequency that might exist in the absence of travel, illness, and other transient factors that are likely to decrease frequency. This nondifferential information bias is unlikely to produce misleading comparisons or erroneous associations in epidemiologic studies of reproduction.

Adult↗