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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

An application of nursing faculty practice: clinical camps.

The incorporation of clinical practice into nursing faculty role expectations has triggered much debate. Despite the urge for the incorporation of practice into faculty roles, past research has demonstrated that the majority of faculties do not in fact include clinical practice. Reasons given for the failure of nurse academics to practise include lack of time, the failure of academia to value the practice, and the failure to include the practice as criteria for tenure and promotion. For faculty practice to occur it has been argued that clinical practice needs to be more a matter of individual intent: adaptable, and creative. Clinical camps provide potential opportunities for clinical practice for faculties. These camps, it is argued, offer the possibility of clinical teaching, promotion of collegial relationships between faculty and health care agencies, development of positive faculty-student relationships, and a valuable research site. For this reason, it is argued that clinical camps be considered a viable venue for faculty practice.

Camping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations--2006 updates.

In scanning through the KDOQI guidelines for this article, I applaud the Work Group members as there is an emphasis placed on timely education of the patient, their family members, close friends, and/or primary care providers for both HD and PD. We have all seen in our practice setting, how critical education is for our patients. Studies have shown that timely patient education as CKD advances can both improve outcomes and reduce cost. These guidelines certainly emphasize the importance of advocating for education of patients with CKD. We know that we as nephrology nurses are crucial for educating the patient with CKD, the patient with ESRD, family members, and caregivers and for re-enforcing their education.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed1998

Australian nurses and device use: the ideal and the real in clinical practice.

Clinical nurses use an increasing number of technological devices when providing care. While the clinical devices themselves must undergo rigorous multidimensional assessment, it is the proficiency of the user that ultimately determines the devices' efficacy. Thus, the knowledge, skills and attitudes that nurses bring to their decision-making and use of technology are crucial elements in the technology assessment process. Technological proficiency is imperative in the current climate of rapid patient throughput in complex technological environments. This paper reports some of the findings of an Australian study, using two national Delphi panels, whose primary objective was to determine the knowledge, skills and attitudes required of expert clinicians for practice in cardiac care. Panels of 28 educators and 42 cardiac nurse clinicians completed a questionnaire indicating the importance of 107 characteristics of expert cardiac practice for both the 'real' and 'ideal' worlds of practice. Comparative results will be reported for 29 items within the thematic groups. Effective use of technology, Informed decisions regarding equipment and Critical approach to the use of technology. Both panels accepted all 29 items in these three thematic groups but indicated differences in the level of agreement on the importance of items between the 'real' and 'ideal' worlds of practice. Discussion centres around those areas where improvement is needed.

Australia↗
PubMed2003

[Hyperlipidemia: therapeutic principles in clinical practice].

Clinical prognosis of coronary heart disease is not only determined by the degree of stenosis, but rather by the structure and probability that so-called vulnerable plaques rupture. Therefore, the global risk of an individual should be considered to recommend specific LDL cholesterol levels in plasma as therapeutic goals. For a coronary 10-year risk > 20% the LDL-cholesterol level in plasma should be < 100 mg/dl, if the risk is between 10-20% an LDL cholesterol level < 130 mg/dl, an individual with only one additional risk factor and most probably a risk < 10% an LDL cholesterol level < 160 mg/dl is recommended. Recently, the committee for practical guidelines of the European Cardiology Society has recommended to consider not only the coronary but also the total risk of cardiovascular mortality. To reach the recommended therapeutic target levels of LDL cholesterol, nonpharmacologic measures should be taken and different classes of drugs are available. Several pharmacologic therapeutics are available like bileacid sequestrants, nicotinic acid and its derivatives, fibrates, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors and the selective inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption. The selective inhibition of cholesterol absorption by ezetimibe is a novel principle of drug action. Ezetimibe selectively inhibits intestinal absorption of free cholesterol and phytosterols. On the basis of this specific novel pharmacologic principle of drug action, ezetimibe is useful in the combination therapy with statins and can lower LDL cholesterol levels in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and elevated plasma levels of sitosterol and campesterol in patients with sitosterolemia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug flow. Good manufacturing practices, good clinical practices].

On a worldwide basis, the drug development circuit in clinical trials undergoes a general movement towards improvement which is sensitive to the degree of quality. The methods used to achieve this are found at the interface of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Clinical Practices (GCP). They consist primarily of two types, for which examples are given here: strengthening of controls (verification of the resemblance of test drugs in double-blind comparison by a "jury" and computerized systems of drug accountability), improvement in "compliance with therapy at the site of investigation" (use of more "intelligent" drug packages and labels).

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors affecting the yield of pediatric EEGs in clinical practice.

Clinical factors affecting the yield of 2,500 pediatric electroencephalograms were analyzed. Electroencephalograms were interpreted as epileptiform in 40% of children with epilepsy. Most electroencephalograms were ordered for seizure in children not taking anti-epileptic drugs; just 15% showed epileptiform features. Six percent of electroencephalograms were epileptiform in non-seizure patients. The neurologist significantly influenced the odds of epileptiform interpretation (P = 0.022) and the recommendation to repeat the electroencephalogram (P < 0.001). In practice most electroencephalograms ordered for seizure are actually for non-seizure. In routine pediatric practice, electroencephalography has a low yield and appears to be over-used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Producing benchmarks for clinical practice.

Clinical benchmarking has huge potential for improving health care. Students exploring benchmarks for fundamental and essential aspects of care produced a number of interesting key factors and continuums of care. A significant feature of the development of the Department of Health benchmarks has been the inclusion of service users.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed2004

Neurophysiology in clinical practice.

Clinical neurophysiology is concerned with the recording of generation and propagation of electrical potentials of nerve and muscle cells. It can provide important information about brain and neuromuscular disorders. Electro encephalogram (EEG), Evoked potentials (EP), Nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyogram (EMG) are the four main techniques used in clinical neurophysiology. EEG reflects the electrical activity arising from the cerebral cortex. Evoked Potentials are measurements of classic stimulus response. VEP, SSEP and BSAEP are most useful in diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis, Plexus lesions and 8(th) cranial nerve tumor, CP angle tumor respectively. Nerve conduction studies are the measurement of velocity of nerve impulse. It gives information about the lesion of a myelinated nerve. Electromyogram gives information about the integrity of innervations, condition of neuromuscular junctions and also condition of the muscle fiber itself.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed2006

A practical clinical trial comparing haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine for the acute treatment of first-episode nonaffective psychosis.

OBJECTIVE: Randomized controlled drug trials have demonstrated that antipsychotic medication is effective to rapidly improve psychotic symptomatology in first-episode psychosis. However, these results may not be generalizable to routine clinical practice. We evaluated the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of olanza-pine, risperidone, and haloperidol in individuals with first-episode nonaffective psychosis who are representative of clinical practice and who are treated in routine clinical settings. METHOD: 172 patients participated in a practical clinical trial and were randomly assigned to haloperidol (N = 56), risperidone (N = 61), and olanzapine (N = 55). The mean modal daily doses were 5.4 mg/day for halo-peridol, 4 mg/day for risperidone, and 15.3 mg/day for olanzapine; 98.3% of subjects were drug naive at baseline. Data from clinical measures of treatment response and tolerability and safety data from the 6-week acute phase of a large epidemiologic and longitudinal (February 2001 to February 2005) intervention program of first-episode psychosis (schizophrenia spectrum disorders, DSM-IV criteria) are reported. RESULTS: All 3 treatments showed similar effectiveness in reducing the severity of general, negative, and positive symptomatology after 6 weeks of treatment, as reported by mean change in total Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms scores between baseline and 6 weeks. The proportion of study subjects responding, defined as 40% or greater BPRS total score improvement from baseline, was 57.1% (N = 32 of 56) haloperidol, 52.5% (N = 32 of 61) risperidone, and 63.6% (N = 35 of 55) olanzapine, with no statistical differences among groups. The frequency of extrapyramidal symptoms (chi(2) = 24.519; p < .001) and concomitant anticholinergic medication use (chi(2) = 57.842; p < .0001) was greater with haloperidol than olanzapine or risperidone. Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly more weight gain compared with the haloperidol and risperidone groups (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Relatively low doses of haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine are equally effective for the acute treatment of first-episode nonaffective psychosis under usual conditions of real clinical practice.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

A survey of clinical practice in music therapy. Part II: Clinical practice, educational, and clinical training.

Part II of the clinical practice survey is concerned with the amount and quality of equipment available to music therapists, length of activity sessions, accountability procedures, patient or client referral sources, scheduling procedures, communication with other professionals, and the status of music therapy in institutions. Additional data include ratings of music therapy education and clinical training experiences, the master's degree in music therapy, and opinions concerning NAMT registration for music educators working in special education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Role of clinical practice guidelines and clinical profiling in facilitating optimal laboratory use.

Many studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of clinical practice guidelines in improving clinical practice. Moreover, several different kinds of clinical profiles have been developed to address issues related to quality, utilization, and outcomes of specific healthcare practices. With this expanded use of clinical practice guidelines and clinical profiles, clinical laboratory specialists have an opportunity to play an influential leadership role.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1997

Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma: practicability for clinical practice and future perspectives.

Clinical staging systems for multiple myeloma published so far have not always been reliable in predicting a prognosis and do not provide important insights into the biology of the disease. Therefore, new single independent factors or their combination are needed in order to define prognostic subgroups. This is especially necessary with respect to the two treatment options such as a 'watch and wait' strategy vs autologous or even allogeneic bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. At the moment the most promising parameters for future trials and treatment decisions seem to be the plasma cell labeling index, the beta2-microglobulin and hopefully cytogenetic abnormalities that are detectable in multiple myeloma now using newer cultivation methods and fluorescence in situ hybridization in interphase plasma cells. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on these latter prognostic parameters in prospective trials when newer approaches with potentially curative therapies are administered.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗