[Considerations of left bundle-branch block; anatomo-clinical considerations].
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Bundle-Branch Block↗
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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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[Clinical considerations in mandibular pseudo-prognathism. Presentation of a clinical case].
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Child↗
Biologic and clinical considerations in the selection and use of antibiotics in clinical dentistry.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Special clinical considerations of beta-blocker treatment.
Outcomes for heart failure have improved considerably with the implementation of neurohormonal antagonism that includes angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers. Despite the robust benefit of beta-blockers for heart failure, it is not clear that the benefit can be extended to all patient groups. Special clinical consideration thus needs to be given to the elderly, women, and African Americans. A retrospective review of available data suggests that despite differences in the natural history of heart failure for these groups, significant benefit can still be expected from the use of beta-blockers for heart failure. Future trials will address these groups in a prospective manner.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Depot neuroleptic therapy: clinical considerations.
The management of schizophrenia is generally a long-term process with neuroleptics representing the cornerstone of treatment. Although not without their own limitations, depot neuroleptics offer an important alternative to oral agents, and they should be routinely considered as an option in any long-term treatment planning. The present article reviews depot neuroleptics, and focuses particularly on clinical considerations pertaining to their use.
Antipsychotic Agents↗
Total parenteral nutrition: clinical considerations.
Nutritional support is recognized as an important therapeutic intervention to promote wound healing sustained traumatically, surgically, or caused by chronically debilitating illness, and as an adjunctive therapy in patients with life-threatening infectious diseases. The total parenteral nutrition (TPN) formulation should be carefully tailored to meet the needs of each individual patient. Factors important in determining the TPN formula include nutritional assessment; total volume; duration of therapy; solution compatibilities; and disease-specific clinical considerations. TPN should be employed for patients who are unable to or should not consume nutrients via the gastrointestinal tract and patients who cannot consume enough nutrients to sustain nutritional requirements. Patients need not be malnourished to qualify for TPN. The provision of nutritional support requires calculation of basic components of the normal diet, including water, carbohydrate, fat, protein, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements. The total daily expenditure of calories can be calculated as a multiple of the patient's basal energy expenditure. Disease-specific considerations may require alterations in the amount of protein provided and the percentage of dextrose and fat calories utilized.
Humans↗
Treatment outcomes with implant-supported overdentures: clinical considerations.
Three indications for implant-supported overdentures are defined, namely, the edentulous maxilla, the edentulous mandible, and the compromised situation. These indications for overdentures are related to three patient groups: (1) a younger segment of patients among the older population with maxillary complete dentures, (2) elderly completely edentulous patients who request better stabilization of the mandibular denture, and (3) patients with acquired or congenital defects. The aim of this article is to discuss treatment strategies and clinical considerations with respect to three specific indications for overdentures.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT): a review of the experimental and clinical considerations.
Over the last decade several attempts have been made to generate an active drug from an inactive precursor, by the action of an enzyme present predominantly at the tumour site. The aim was to develop a new, less cytotoxic strategy for the treatment of cancer, by exploiting properties distinguishing neoplastic and normal cells. In fact, monoclonal antibodies were used to carry enzymes at the tumour sites, in a two-step approach, known as Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (ADEPT). We reviewed the experimental and clinical considerations of this strategy and we presented its problems and limitations. We concluded that ADEPT holds the potential of an effective and relatively non-toxic treatment of cancer and it is expected that the research which is in progress will make ADEPT an important element of the anticancer armament.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Vasopressin and desmopressin in central diabetes insipidus: adverse effects and clinical considerations.
The management of central diabetes insipidus has been greatly simplified by the introduction of desmopressin (DDAVP). Its ease of administration, safety and tolerability make DDAVP the first line agent for outpatient treatment of central diabetes insipidus. The major complication of DDAVP therapy is water intoxication and hyponatremia. The risk of hyponatremia can be reduced by careful dose titration when initiating therapy and by close monitoring of serum osmolality when DDAVP is used with other medications affecting water balance. Herein we review the adverse effects of DDAVP and its predecessor, vasopressin, as well as discuss important clinical considerations when using these agents to treat central diabetes insipidus.
Antidiuretic Agents↗
Torsade de pointes: the clinical considerations.
Torsade de pointes is a form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia occurring in a setting of prolonged QT interval on surface electrocardiogram. Congenital causes of prolonged QT interval occur in individuals with genetic mutations in genes that control expression of potassium and sodium channels and acquired causes are numerous, predominantly drugs causing prolonged QT interval by blockade of potassium channels. Among the drugs, antiarrhythmic agents most notably quinidine, sotalol, dofetilide and ibutilide have the potential to induce the fatal torsade de pointes. Many non-antiarrhythmic drugs can also cause torsade de pointes. Although it is important to distinguish between the congenital and the acquired forms of long QT syndrome as the later can often be reversed by correction of the underlying disorder or discontinuation of the offending drug, both forms are not mutually exclusive. Clinical considerations and management of torsade de pointes are described.
Electrocardiography↗
Clinical considerations in rodent bioimaging.
Imaging modalities such as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET), high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical imaging, and high-resolution ultrasound are rapidly becoming invaluable research tools. These advanced imaging technologies are now commonly used to investigate rodent biology, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and disease in vivo. Choosing an appropriate anesthetic regimen as well as monitoring and supporting the animal's physiologic balance is key to obtaining images that truly represent the biologic process or disease state of interest. However, there are many challenges in rodent bioimaging such as limited animal access, small sample volumes, anesthetic complications, strain and gender variability, and the introduction of image artifacts. Because each imaging study presents unique challenges, a thorough understanding of the imaging modality used, the animal's health status, and the research data desired is required. This article addresses these issues along with other common laboratory animal clinical considerations such as biosecurity and radiation safety in in vivo rodent bioimaging.
Anesthesia↗
[CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF MONGOLOIDS HOSPITALIZED IN OUR CLINIC FROM 1950 TO 1963].
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Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
[Strongyloidosis in Canavese: 4 cases seen at the 'Ospedale di Ivrea-Castellamonte. Epidemiological and clinical considerations].
From May 1988 to September 1990 the microbiology laboratory of the Ivrea-Castellamonte Hospital (Province of Turin) carried out 1464 coproparasitological investigations. 0.5% of the samples, coming from 5 patients, proved to be Strongyloides stercoralis positive. 4 cases were diagnosed in recovery conditions, and on these we carried out a retrospective study (taking into consideration some epidemiological and clinical aspects). The average age of these patients, three men and one woman, was 70.5; all native of the Canavese and resident in agricultural zones; two farmers still working, a worker and a retired worker. All of them presented one or more associated pathologies and/or a tendency to parasitosis. The clinical picture was characterized by abdominal pain, present in three cases, while diarrhoea was observed in only one case; a slight temperature in two, a high temperature in one; nettle-rash manifestations in one case and breathing symptomatology in two. In two cases there appeared abdominal relaxation (meteorism) and in one of these there was a serious paralytic ileus. Eosinophilia was present in all the patients, even if at different levels (from 5.9% to 20%). The treatment was carried out with different drugs: mebendazole in two cases, thiabendazole in one and "pyrvinium pamoate" in another. Our conclusion is that there exist in the Canavese the climatic, environmental and social-economical conditions which can favour Strongyloidiasis.
Abdominal Pain↗
[Clinical considerations and therapeutic options in papillomatosis of common bile duct. Clinical case].
The Authors report a case of endoscopic treatment of common biliary tract papillomatosis. This therapeutic option derive by patient's clinical evaluation and clinical reports from literature. Agreeing with Cornud, we have opted for endoscopic conservative management with drainage of common biliary tract; furthermore endoscopic procedure permit, by an intensive follow-up, identification and management of possible recurrences. This approach, minimally invasive, is in our opinion the first option for the biliary papillomatosis management.
Aged↗
Impact of pattern of recurrence on clinical outcome of ovarian cancer patients: clinical considerations.
Recurrence of disease represents a clinical challenge in ovarian cancer patients. The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution and pattern of recurrence and their association with clinical outcome in a large series of ovarian cancer patients. This study was conducted on 328 primary untreated ovarian cancer patients. For each relapse, information on date of clinical/instrumental recurrence, and pattern of disease presentation were retrieved. In stage III-IV cases (n = 270), diffuse abdominal carcinomatosis occurred in 62.1% of cases, while recurrences presented as a single lesion or multiple nodules occurred in 9.9% and 26.7% of cases, respectively. Pattern of recurrence as carcinomatosis was shown to be associated with unfavourable outcome even when stratified according to platinum free interval (PFI) duration. In multivariate analysis, pattern of recurrence and PFI duration retained an independent prognostic role for post-relapse survival. Duration of PFI and type of recurrence may independently influence post-relapse survival in ovarian cancer patients.
Adult↗
A transcription toolkit: theoretical and clinical considerations.
This paper discusses theoretical and clinical aspects of transcription practices in clinical linguistics and phonetics, and speech-language pathology. We consider the purpose of transcribing and transcripts, and distinguish between the transcript as a product and transcribing as a complex, cyclical process that forms an integral part of data analysis. Operational relationships between transcriber, data and data source, and the reader are addressed. We suggest a multi-layered toolkit approach to transcribing, based on six guiding principles.
Communication↗
Processing of mammographic films: technical and clinical considerations.
Sensitometrically exposed film strips and clinical mammograms from single-emulsion Kodak Ortho M SO-177 and double-emulsion Kodak T-Mat M II films were processed in separate film processors set up for standard and extended-cycle processing. For the extended-cycle method, it is necessary to use a process that is dedicated to mammographic films only. Radiation dose reductions of approximately 30% for Ortho M film and 13% for T-Mat M II film were achieved with the extended-cycle process. In the mammogram comparisons, higher-contrast images were obtained with Ortho M film in the extended-cycle process, which allowed for improved demonstration of marginal structural characteristics of soft-tissue masses and better differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. No significant differences in contrast were observed in the T-Mat M II mammograms obtained with the extended-cycle process.
Adult↗
Decidual ectopy on the uterine cervix. The diagnostic and clinical considerations.
On the basis of our clinical experience and literary data there were presented views on etiopathogeny of decidual transformations of the uterine cervix. Localization and colposcopic pictures of these lesions were discussed, and according to our clinical data discrimination between four forms of decidual ectopy was carried out. The vessel pattern of these changes, visible in colposcopic picture was characterized as well as its differentiation from vascular picture of malignant lesions. Possibility of cytological diagnosis in cases of decidual ectopy was also noted. On the basis of many years clinical experience there was showed the importance of colposcopic diagnosis of decidual ectopy in evaluation of early pregnancy and its complications.
Cervix Uteri↗