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PubMed1999

[The antitumour activity of total saponin of Clematis chinensis].

This paper has shown the cytocidal effects of total saponin of Clermatis chisensis Osbeck (CCS) on experimental tumours EAC cells, S180A cells and HepA cells in vitro, using microculture method 72 hours. The IC50 were 242 micrograms/ml, 193 micrograms/ml and 130 micrograms/ml respectively. In vivo the growth of transplanted mouse tumour(S180) was inhibited by the CCS with inhibitory rates 40.3% (0.25 g/kg), 55.1% (0.5 g/kg), 53.0% (1 g/kg), but CCS(0.2 g/kg, 0.4g/kg, 0.5 g/kg) hasn't effect on survival time of tumour mice(S180A).

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of the dominant plant species in primary successional volcanic deserts on the Southeast slope of Mount Fuji.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization was observed on four plant species in primary successional volcanic deserts on the Southeast slope of Mount Fuji. The AM colonization of the dominant species, Polygonum cuspidatum, contradicts the conclusion that Polygonaceae are often regarded as being non-mycorrhizal species. The secondary dominant species, Polygonum weyrichii var. alpinum, formed no mycorrhizas. The roots of Cirsium purpuratum, Clematis stans and Campanula punctata ssp. hondoensis, showed a higher percentage of AM colonization than P. cuspidatum. AM colonization and spore density in the rhizosphere soil of P. cuspidatum significantly decreased as elevation increased. AM colonization in roots of Cirsium purpuratum and Clematis stans also tended to decrease with increased altitudes. Cirsium purpuratum and Campanula punctata ssp. hondoensis formed single structural types of Arum- and Paris-type, respectively, whereas P. cuspidatum and Clematis stans formed both Arum- and Paris-type morphologies.

Campanulaceae↗
PubMed1995

The molecular basis of the self/nonself selectivity of a coelenterate toxin.

Coelenterates produce potent hemolysins inhibited by sphingomyelin (SM). Remarkably, instead of this lipid, their membranes contain a phosphono analogue of it. Using coelenterolysin (CL), a toxin produced by the sea anemone Phymactis clematis, we have examined a possible connection between these two peculiar traits. Our experiments showed that, while SM binds this lysin and inhibits its hemolytic activity, the endogenous PnSL do neither. In addition, liposomes made of bovine erythrocyte lipids are rapidly disrupted by CL, while those made of P. clematis lipids are completely resistant to it. However, if small amounts of SM are added to the P. clematis lipids, the resulting liposomes become sensitive to CL. Taken together, our results show for the first time that substitution of SM by its phosphono analogue is the molecular basis for the selectivity of an anthozoan toxin. We therefore propose that exotoxin production and membrane composition are coadapted traits that confer on the coelenterates a significant evolutionary advantage.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Structural rearrangements, including parallel inversions, within the chloroplast genome of Anemone and related genera.

Chloroplast DNA cleavage sites for 10 restriction enzymes were mapped for 46 species representing all sections of Anemone, four closely related genera (Clematis, Pulsatilla, Hepatica, and Knowltonia), and three more distantly related outgroups (Caltha, Ranunculus, and Adonis). Comparison of the maps revealed that the chloroplast genomes of Anemone and related genera have sustained an unusual number and variety of rearrangements. A single inversion of a 42-kb segment was found in the large single-copy region of Adonis aestivalis. Two types of rearrangements were found in the chloroplast genome of Clematis, Anemone, Pulsatilla, Hepatica, and Knowltonia: An approximately 4-kb expansion of the inverted repeat and four inversions within the large single-copy region. These rearrangements support the monophyletic status of these genera, clearly separating them from Caltha, Ranunculus, and Adonis. Two further inversions were found in two Clematis species and three Anemone species. While appearing to support a monophyletic grouping for these taxa, these two inversions conflict with data from both chloroplast restriction sites and morphology and are better interpreted as having occurred twice independently. These are the first two documented cases of homoplastic inversions in chloroplast DNA. Finally, the second intron of the chloroplast rps 12 gene was shown to have been lost in the common ancestor of the same three Anemone species that feature the two homoplastic inversions.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Study of chemical pattern recognition as applied to quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine "wei ling xian"].

Chemical pattern recognition was applied to the quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine "wei ling xian". The dried roots and rhizomes of Clematis chinensis Osbeck, Clematis hexapetalo Pall, and Clematis manshurica Rupr, 21 samples of "wei ling xian" of six different species which were collected from different regions of China, were extracted with methanol. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography and the GC data of "wei Ling xian" samples were correlated with their anti-inflammatory activity in pharmacologic experiments. Positive anti-inflammatory activity is regarded as the quality assurance of medicinal "wei ling xian". According to the results, the samples were classified as two groups, one having and the other not having distinct anti-inflammatory activity at the 5% significance level. Some samples were used as the training set, while some as the test set. The SIMCA program was used for the extraction of features and classification, whereas the PCA program for displaying the data in a two-dimensional space. The quality of unknown samples of "Wei Ling Xian" can be assessed as a result of the classification or the two-dimensional display.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Studies on bioactive saponins from Chinese medicinal plants.

In our recent studies on bioactive saponins, two Chinese medicinal plants: Mussaenda pubescens Ait.f (Rubiaceae) and Clematis chinensis Osbeck (Ranunculaceae), were investigated. Of the two medicinal plants, M. pubescens is a Chinese folk medicine which has been used as a diuretic, antiphlogistic, diaphoretic and antipyretic agent, and has also been used to detoxify mushroom poisons and to terminate early pregnancy. Clematis chinensis is a Chinese traditional medicine which has been used as an analgesic, diuretic, antitumor, antiinflammatory and insecticidal agent for ages. As a result of our studies, eighteen saponins were identified from M. pubescens, among which seventeen were new compounds, while eleven saponins were isolated from C. chinensis, three of which were new compounds. In the course of our structural studies, mass fragment analysis in FAB-mass spectra and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra were used to determine the structures of the sapogenin and oligosaccharide moieties. In those more complicated and minor saponins, various 2D-NMR experiments were carried out on 400-, 500- or 600-MHz NMR instruments, which permitted the identification of new sapogenins in glycoside form. In addition, it was also possible to assign all the proton and carbon signals of the sugar units on the basis of 1H-1H DQF COSY, TOCSY and HMQC spectra, which further permitted the establishment of linkage sites and sequences among the sugar units and aglycones by means of NOESY, ROESY and HMBC spectra. When the proton signals of sugar units are overlapped seriously in 1H-NMR spectra, peracetylation is a very helpful technique which can spread proton signals in wider range, thus simplifying their assignment by means of 2D-NMR spectra. When some of the sugar proton signals of a peracetylate are also overlapped coincidentally, alternation of deuterated solvents for measuring NMR spectra can circumvent the difficulties. Pharmacological tests indicated that mussaendoside O, the most abundant saponin from M. pubescens, can inhibit significantly the secretions of the lachrymal and salivary glands induced by galanthamine, and can also inhibit the contraction of the isolated longitudinal muscle strip from guinea pig ileum evoked by an M-Ach receptor agonist (carbachol, 10(-6) M) at concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-5) M. From these results, the saponin should be an antagonist of the M-Ach receptor, and was presumed to be responsible for its antitoxicity activity toward some mushroom poisons of medicinal plant origin. In addition, mussaendoside O also showed immunopromotive and hemolytic activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The pharmacological and pathological studies on several hepatic protective crude drugs from Taiwan (I).

This study is to investigate the hepatic protective effect of several Taiwan crude drug extractions on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The pharmacological and pathological effects of Bupleurum chinense, Phellodendron wilsonii, Clematis chinensis and Hedyotis corymbosa were analyzed by liver enzyme function test and pathological studies. However, the results of amine transferase SGOT and SGPT have shown a significant hepatic protective effect after treatment with Bupleurum chinense (P less than 0.005), Phellodendron wilsonii (P less than 0.001), Clematis chinensis (P less than 0.005) and Hedyotis corymbosa (P less than 0.005, SGPT only). The fatty degeneration around the central vein area and necrosis of the central lobule can be significantly improved by P. wilsonii and moderately changed by B. chinense or C. chinensis. Although fatty metamorphosis has been affected by H. corymbosa, various inflammatory cell infiltrations in the cytoplasm were noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of selected plants for acute toxicosis in budgerigars.

Pairs of budgerigars were given samples, by gavage, of plants considered potentially toxic to pet birds. Samples were prepared by flash-freezing and powdering fresh plant material in liquid nitrogen and resuspending the material in deionized water for administration. Of the 19 plants tested, only 6 induced clinical signs of illness; these plants included yew, oleander, clematis, avocado, black locust, and Virginia creeper (Taxus media, Nerium oleander, Clematis sp, Persea americana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Parthenocissus quinquefolio).

Acacia↗