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Results for “Child Behavior Disorders”

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PubMed2006

Childhood antecedent disorders to bipolar disorder in adults: a controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine antecedent childhood psychiatric disorders in adult patients with bipolar disorder. METHOD: Using structured diagnostic interviews, childhood psychiatric diagnoses of 83 referred patients with diagnosed DSM-IV bipolar disorder were compared to those of 308 adults without mood disorders. RESULTS: Patients with bipolar disorder had significantly higher rates of childhood disruptive behavior disorders (ADHD, oppositional-defiant disorder, and conduct disorder), childhood anxiety disorders (separation anxiety and overanxious disorder), and enuresis, compared to patients without mood disorders. The presence of these childhood disorders was associated with an earlier age of onset of bipolar illness. LIMITATIONS: The retrospective nature of the study may have affected both the rates of disorders recalled, as well as the ages of onset of disorders. Different referral sources for bipolar and comparison participants may have also impacted findings. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar disorder in adults is frequently preceded by childhood disruptive behavior and anxiety disorders. These childhood disorders may be important markers of risk for adult bipolar disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Treatment programs for youth with emotional and behavioral disorders: an outcome study of two alternate approaches.

Youth with severe emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) were randomly assigned for 3 months of intensive treatment to a 5-day residential program (5DR Program) or a community-based alternative, family preservation program (FP Program). Programs differed not only in method of service delivery (residential unit vs. home-based), but also in treatment philosophy (solution focused brief therapy vs. cognitive behavioral). Results confirmed high rates of comorbidity in this population for externalizing and internalizing disorders. A significant Treatment x Program interaction was evident for internalizing disorders. At 1-year follow-up, significantly higher percentages of youth from the FP Program revealed a reduction of clinical symptoms for ADHD, as well as, general anxiety and depression, whereas significant proportion of youth from the 5DR Program demonstrated clinical deterioration and increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results have implications for future treatment of youth with EBD and suggest that greater emphasis be placed on research linking treatment to specific symptom clusters, especially highly comorbid clusters in this hard to serve population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Aripiprazole in children and adolescents: clinical experience.

Despite few supportive data, aripiprazole was being administered to children and adolescents for management of mood instability, aggression, and psychosis. Using a retrospective review (n = 11) and prospective recruitment (n = 6), 17 children and adolescents received aripiprazole 5 to 20 mg/day. Only 4 of 16 bipolar and autistic subjects (25%) demonstrated reduced aggression without adverse events, and the symptoms of 2 of 4 psychotic subjects improved. Coadministration of sedative medications (particularly guanfacine or clonidine) and weight < 58 kg increased the risk of adverse events, such as increased lability and aggression. All three children < 8.6 years old, all four children < 34 kg, and all five children receiving alpha2-agonists developed adverse events prior to clinical efficacy. Age > 11 years, weight > 58 kg, and absence of sedative medications were associated with a 56% (five of nine) success rate. Until larger, prospective studies are completed, caution is advised when considering aripiprazole for smaller children and children receiving sedative medications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Cognitive-behavioral treatments.

The present paper provides an overview of the guiding theory and descriptive features of the cognitive-behavioral approach to psychosocial interventions for youths. Cognitive-behavioral treatment has been applied to various disorders including anxiety, aggression, depression, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, pain, and learning disabilities. Research on the nature of these disorders, a description of related treatment strategies, and an illustrative review of treatment outcome data is provided. Discussion focuses on a consideration of familial involvement, developmental factors, and methodological issues (i.e., comorbidity and normative comparisons) that require research attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Predicting stability and change in toddler behavior problems: contributions of maternal behavior and child gender.

This study examined the stability and continuity of early-identified behavior problems and the factors associated with this stability. Children and their mothers (N=125) were seen when the children were 2 and 4 years of age. Maternal reports of child externalizing behavior and laboratory observations of child noncompliance were stable from age 2 to age 4. Early externalizing behaviors decreased over time; however, child noncompliance in the laboratory did not. Although few associations were found between maternal positive behavior and child behavior problems, maternal controlling behavior was related to increases in child behavior problems, particularly at high levels of both prior noncompliance and prior maternal control. Child noncompliance was predictive of increases in maternal controlling behavior over time.

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder↗
PubMed2006

[Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders among three-to-six-year-olds treated in medical practices--a national survey].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to calculate prevalence rates of symptoms and diagnoses of Attention Deficit-/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) in preschoolers, and to assess functional impairment as well as comorbid symptoms by means of parents and teacher symptom checklists. METHOD: N = 708 kindergarten- and preschool-children were recruited nationwide by pediatricians or child and adolescent psychiatrists. The U8/U9 sample (n = 521 children) was assessed during a routine pediatric screening. The clinical sample consisted of n = 187 children who were rated as having ADHD problems by the physician. The children were assessed by age-adapted ADHD Symptom-Checklists (Fremdbeurteilungsbogen für Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen im Vorschulalter FBB-ADHS-V) rated by parents and teachers. Additionally, the physicians rated ADHD symptoms and comorbid symptoms. RESULTS: Based on diagnosis criteria of DSM-IV and the parental ratings in U8/U9, 11.3% of the children fulfilled the criteria for one of the three ADHD diagnoses (ICD 10: 3.8%). The prevalence rate was lower in teacher ratings (6.6%) (ICD 10: 1.5%), and in both the parent and teacher ratings 4.2% of the children fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (ICD 10: 1.2%). Higher prevalence rates and comorbidities were found in the clinical sample. The need for professional help (counseling/treatment) is much higher than the treatment the parents and children actually received. CONCLUSION: International prevalence rates can be applied. Despite methodological restrictions, such as a lack of representativeness and possible pre-selection effects, this study demonstrates the relevance of prevention and intervention programmes.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of a brief multiple-stimulus preference assessment in a naturalistic context.

We evaluated a brief multiple-stimulus preference assessment within the context of an early intervention program for 3 children who had been diagnosed with autism. Subsequent curriculum-based reinforcer evaluations confirmed the predictions of the preference assessments. In addition, eight additional preference assessments that were conducted over a period of 1 month indicated generally stable preferences for 2 of the 3 participants.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2005

Parental socialization of emotion expression: gender differences and relations to child adjustment.

The present study examined gender differences in children's submissive and disharmonious emotions and parental attention to these emotions. Sixty children and their mothers and fathers participated when children were 4 and 6 years old. Children's emotion expression and parental responses during a game were coded. Girls expressed more submissive emotion than boys. Fathers attended more to girls' submissive emotion than to boys' at preschool age. Fathers attended more to boys' disharmonious emotion than to girls' at early school age. Parental attention at preschool age predicted later submissive expression level. Child disharmonious emotion predicted later externalizing symptoms. Gender differences in these emotions may occur as early as preschool age and may be subject to differential responding, particularly by fathers.

Attention↗