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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Simplified method for preparation of concentrated exoproteins produced by Staphylococcus aureus grown on surface of cellophane bag containing liquid medium.

A simplified method for preparation of concentrated exoproteins including protein A and alpha-toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus was successfully devised. The concentrated proteins were obtained by cultivating S. aureus organisms on the surface of a liquid medium-containing cellophane bag enclosed in a sterilized glass flask. With the same amount of medium, the total amount of proteins obtained by the method presented here was identical with that obtained by conventional liquid culture. The concentration of proteins obtained by the method, however, was high enough to observe their distinct bands stained on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method was considered quite useful not only for large-scale cultivation for the purification of staphylococcal proteins but also for small-scale study using the proteins. The precise description of the method was presented and its possible usefulness was discussed.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1990

A functional study of the skin barrier to evaporative water loss by means of repeated cellophane-tape stripping.

The functional role of different layers of the horny layer in preventing evaporative water loss was studied by an adhesive cellophane-tape stripping technique. The increase in transepidermal water loss, as described by a mathematical equation based on curve-fitting analysis, was shown to be proportional to the decrease in thickness of the horny layer. In the second half of the curve the experimental data showed slightly higher transepidermal-water-loss values than would be expected on the basis of proportionality with thickness of the stratum corneum. The data suggest that the outer layers of the horny layer are also important in forming a barrier to evaporative water loss.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1960

Dialysis of certain sugars through cellophane.

Of several sugars examined, alkali most affects the rate of dialysis through cellophane of alpha-beta-D-mannose and alpha-beta-maltose. The rates of dialysis of these two sugars are influenced by 0.01 and 0.1N solutions of sodium and potassium hydroxide. The rate of dialysis of sucrose is not influenced by the solutions employed.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1990

Transepidermal potassium ion, chloride ion, and water flux across delipidized and cellophane tape-stripped skin.

The skin barrier was evaluated as a function of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electrolyte loss. Combination electrodes for chloride and pH determinations and a potassium ion electrode were utilized. Delipidization of the skin did not impair the electrolyte barrier, but did damage the epidermal water barrier. Cellophane tape stripping of normal stratum corneum resulted in an increase in outward transepidermal potassium and chloride ion flux, an increase in skin surface pH, and an increase in TEWL. It appears that damage to the epidermal water barrier does not necessarily result in damage to the epidermal electrolyte barrier. We found the potassium electrode facile to use and believe that a combination potassium electrode would be useful for investigating and assessing the epidermal electrolyte barrier.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Three-dimensional laparoscope based on the manipulation of polarized light by a cellophane half-wave plate.

A three-dimensional laparoscope that can capture three-dimensional images during surgery is reported. The principle is solely based on the manipulation of polarized light by a cellophane half-wave plate rather than computer processing; hence there is no time delay (it operates in real time) and lesions are viewed in true color, which is important for diagnostics. Three-dimensional images are obtained with a single laparoscope. A unique feature of this three-dimensional laparoscope is that it includes a virtual ruler to measure distances without physically touching the affected areas. The structure is simple, sturdy, lightweight, and its diameter is no bigger than a standard 10 mm diam laparoscope.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1983

Systemic and regional hemodynamic characteristics of bilateral cellophane perinephritis hypertension in conscious rabbits.

Using the radioactive microsphere technique, systemic and regional hemodynamic variables were measured in normotensive rabbits and in rabbits with bilateral cellophane perinephritis hypertension. An average decrease in cardiac output of 18 percent was measured in the hypertensive rabbits as a result of a reduction in stroke volume; heart rate remained unchanged. Thus, in the established phase, hypertension was maintained by the elevated total peripheral resistance. A redistribution of cardiac output was observed in the hypertensive rabbits; a significantly higher fraction was received by the brain, small intestine and heart. The weight normalized blood flow to the kidneys, spleen, skeletal muscles, bones and fat was significantly decreased while an increase in vascular resistance was observed in the hypertensive rabbits in all the organs investigated. A negative correlation existed between the weight of the left ventricle and the blood flow to the left ventricle in hypertensive rabbits, suggesting inadequate coronary perfusion as myocardial hypertrophy becomes more pronounced.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative study on the effectiveness of modified Kato's cellophane thick smear and Stoll's dilution egg counting technique for quantitative fecal examination of helminth eggs].

A total of 197 fecal specimens was prepared for quantitative examination of helminth eggs by modified Kato's cellophane thick smear (M.C.T.S.) and Stoll's dilution egg counting technique (D.E.C.T.). The comparative effectiveness of two techniques was evaluated and conversion function was deduced. The average time required for the microscopic examination on one slide by M.C.T.S. was 12.6 minutes and that of D.E.C.T. was 14.6 minutes. M.C.T.S. showed lower false negative rate than D.E.C.T. in light worm burden cases. Functions to convert the counts obtained by M.C.T.S. to E.P.G. by Stoll's dilution egg counting technique were 47.86 x 10(0.87) logM.C.T.S. in A. lumbricoides, 41.69 x 10(0.82) logM.C.T.S. in T. trichiura and 63.10 x 10(0.85) logM.C.T.S. in C. sinensis. It was suggested M.C.T.S. be better than D.E.C.T. for the quantitative examination of intestinal helminthiases such as A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and C. sinensis infections even in the cases with low worm burden.

Cellophane↗
PubMed2005

Egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia spp. by cellophane tape method in primary school children in Sivas, Turkey.

The aim of the present study was to find out the number of students with enterobiasis and/or taeniasis in primary schools of Sivas. Among the 2,029 students in 6 primary schools, 316 (15.6%) were positive to Enterobius vermicularis eggs and 32 (1.6%) were positive to Taenia spp. eggs by the cellophane tape method. The egg positive rates of E. vermicularis and Taenia spp. ranged from 9.4% to 27.2% and from 0.8% to 2.6% respectively among six schools. The egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was found to be significantly different among these schools (chi2 = 31.96, P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between the schools for Taenia spp. (chi2 = 4.37; P > 0.05). The rate (18.7%) of E. vermicularis in the urban slum regions was higher than the rate (11.5%) in the urban central regions (chi2 = 19.20; P < 0.05). Above results demonstrate that the egg positive rate of E. vermicularis and Taenia spp. was still prevalent among primary school children.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Lidocaine transportation through a cellophane membrane by wide range AC frequencies].

This study examined whether lidocaine molecules can be transported through an artificial membrane by the application of AC. A cellophane membrane was placed between donor and receptor compartments. The donor compartment was filled with lidocaine hydrochloride (40 and 60 mmol/l) and the receptor compartment with pure water. A sine wave at 5 voltage levels and 5 frequencies was applied between the parallel plate electrodes. The impedance of the solution in the receptor compartment was measured to determine the concentration of the lidocaine. The transportation efficiency in the condition of high concentration was markedly enhanced with the application of 15 and 20 V at every frequency. Although no frequency dependence was observed in the 500 Hz to 100 kHz range, the transportation efficiency was markedly enhanced at 1 MHz. It is considered that lidocaine ions are transported by vibration or rotation energy induced by AC. The formation of electrode polarization is decreased in the high-frequency range resulting in attenuation of the voltage drop in the solution and increase of the transportation efficiency with the passage of AC.

Cellophane↗
PubMed1979

[Gastric sarcomas induced in rats by DMBA and cellophane].

An experimental model of gastric sarcoma was elaborated experimentally on 228 Wistar rats. Tumors were induced by single DMBA injections into the glandular stomach wall in rats or by securing a cellophane plate onto its anterior surface. Tumors developed in 95 rats. Most tumors would show a mesenchymatous origin (89.8% of cases) and may be defined as leiomyosarcomas partly polymorphocellular ones, and more rarely as fibro- and reticulosarcomas. Tumors of the adenocarcinoma and solid cancer type developed only after DMBA administration. It was noted that the tumors arisen develop metastases in the regional lymph nodes but not often.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1985

Effect of certain additives on the diffusion characteristics through a cellophane membrane of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylamide and phenacetin. Part 1: Effect of certain surface active agents.

The diffusion rate (D. R.) of certain ionic and non-ionic surfactant concentrations through a standard cellophane membrane was studied. D. R. of acetylsalicylic acid significantly increased in the presence of 0.1% w/v Brij 35, Tween 20 or 40 respectively. The other tested surfactants slightly increased D. R. of acetylsalicylic acid, while that of salicylamide increased in presence of 0.1% w/v of either Tween 20, 40, 60 or 80; Myrj 52 or 59; Brij 58; benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide or sodium lauryl sulphate. The highest D. R. of phenacetin was observed in presence of either 0.01% w/v Tween 20 or 0.001% w/v Brij 35.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1978

Epidermal regeneration and percutaneous water loss following cellophane stripping of reptile epidermis.

The histological and physiological effects of the removal of superficial corneous epidermal materials have been studied in several squamate species and a caiman. The gross and microscopic anatomy of the squamate integument has characteristics which make cellophane stripping inherently variable, but in general, when corneous materials were removed, they are replaced over a period of one to two weeks, by a tissue with the histological characteristics of the normal alpha-layer. This tissue may be produced by stimulated germinal activity and/or metaplasia of the other presumptive cell populations. In caiman, the thickness of the corneous tissues of the outer scale surface is reduced by stripping and the tissue is restored to normal in approximately two weeks by stimulated germinal proliferation. Measurements of cutaneous water loss (CWL) before, immediately after, and during two weeks post-trauma revealed the following. There is a sudden rise in CWL immediately after stripping, and values decline over the next two weeks as the corneous tissues are replaced. The results are interpreted as indicating that, as in mammals, the impermeability of the epidermis depends on the thickness of the corneous materials. In squamates it appears that the physiological barrier is the alpha-layer of the epidermal generation, and while the beta-layer cannot be excluded as playing some role in reducing the permeability of the integument, its role appears to be primarily mechanical.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of cellophane tape stripping of mouse skin on epidermal growth regulators (chalones).

Variations in epidermal chalones after a single surface application of methylcholanthrene and croton oil have been described in previous papers. This paper reports a study of the effect of adhesive tape stripping of the skin on epidermal growth regulators (G1 and G2 chalones). Pieces of adhesive tape were applied 6 times to the same area of skin in groups of mice. The short-term effects of tape stripping on epidermal DNA synthesis and on mitotic rate were studied at different intervals after stripping. Other groups of mice were killed at similar time intervals after stripping, and the treated area of skin was homogenized and extracted with water. The inhibitory effect of these extracts on normal epidermal DNA synthesis and mitotic rate was assayed in normal hairless mice. The resulting inhibitions were interpreted as an expression of the concentration of G1 or G2 chalone in the skin extracts. The first experiment confirmed that cellophane tape stripping gives rise to a short block in epidermal mitotic activity and probably also in DNA synthesis. This was followed by bimodal peaks of increased activity, the two maxima of labelling index being found on days 2 and 6, and the two maxima of mitotic rate on days 1-2 and 7. The concentrations of the two chalones in the skins of treated animals varied in inverse proportion to the alterations in the DNA synthesis and the mitotic rate, with one exception. Here there was initially a depression of the mitotic rate and a low concentration of G2 chalone. This was interpreted as a short reaction of the basel cells to the stripping trauma. It is concluded that adhesive tape stripping removes the differentiating cells and injures some basel cells, simultaneously altering the content of G1 and G2 chalones. The resulting increase in the rates of DNA synthesis and mitosis lasts only until the number of cells is high enough to produce growth-regulating substances (chalones) again. This theory may explain the changes observed. Since similar reactions are seen after both carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic chemical injury of the epidermis, the reaction pattern seems to be a general response to cell injury or cell removal.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cyclodextrins and drug permeability through semi-permeable cellophane membranes.

Determinations of drug fluxes through semi-permeable cellophane membranes are used to evaluate cyclodextrin complexes and cyclodextrin containing drug formulations. In the present study we investigated how the cyclodextrin concentration, the membrane thickness and the molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of the membrane influence drug fluxes. The cyclodextrin used was 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) and the sample drug was hydrocortisone. The MWCO of the membranes ranged from 500 to 14,000 and the HPbetaCD concentration ranged from 0 to 25% (w/v). The hydrocortisone flux from saturated solutions through the MWCO 500 membrane was unaffected by the cyclodextrin concentration. When MWCO of the membrane was greater than the molecular weight of the complex the flux from solutions saturated with hydrocortisone increased with increasing HPbetaCD concentration. This increase showed negative deviation from linearity. When the flux was corrected for the viscosity increase with increasing HPbetaCD concentration then the flux pattern could be described on the basis of Fick's first law and Stokes-Einstein equation. However, the flux did not correlate with the viscosity when it was increased by adding polymer to the saturated drug solutions. It was shown that the observed flux pattern was consistent with self-association of cyclodextrin complexes in the aqueous donor phase.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1986

Effect of renal denervation on the development of cellophane-wrap hypertension in rabbits.

The development of hypertension in rabbits with bilateral cellophane wrapping of the kidneys was studied in animals with and without surgical denervation of the kidneys. Mean arterial pressure was measured before and 14 and 28 days after surgery. After 14 and 28 days of wrapping, mean arterial pressure had increased 12 +/- 3 mmHg and 31 +/- 3 mmHg in rabbits with innervated kidneys and 7 +/- 2 mmHg and 26 +/- 2 mmHg in rabbits with denervated kidneys, respectively. The increases in arterial pressure were significantly less in the denervated animals. In sham wrap animals, renal denervation also resulted in significantly lower arterial pressure than in sham wrap+sham denervated rabbits. Noradrenaline concentration of denervated kidneys averaged only 4% of that measured in kidneys subjected to sham denervation. The results show that renal denervation slightly attenuated the degree of hypertension developed following renal wrapping. Since renal denervation produced a similar small decrease in arterial pressure in normotensive rabbits it is suggested that the effect is non-specific and probably due to loss of efferent renal sympathetic nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The Detectability Of Helminth Eggs From Feces By Cellophane Thick Smear Technique.

The efficacy of the cellophane thick smear(CTS) technique was reassessed for detecting helminths eggs such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Clonorchis sinensis, in comparsion with the formalin-ether(F-E) one, with repeated smears per case. From the fecal samples of 411 ROK Army soldiers, a total of 3,288 smears were made and examined; 4 by CTS and 4 by F-E techniques. The expected egg detectability with one, two, three or four smears by each technique was mathemativally calculated. The results were as follows: 1. When the results of all 8 smears per case were integrated, the number of cases with Ascaris egg were 54(13.1%), Trichuris 125(30.4%) and Clonorchis 33(8.0%). Some other kinds of helminths eggs and protozoan cysts were found from a few cases each. 2. The calculated detectability of Ascaris eggs by CTS technique was fairly high(95.8~96.3%) with 1-4 smears, while that by F-E technique was not so high(73.1~88.9%). 3. In case of Trchuris eggs, the egg detectability by CTS technique with 1-4 smears was a little lower(62.2~86.4%) than that by F-E technique(73.4 ~ 91.2%). 4. The detectability of Clonorchis eggs with 1-4 smears by CTS technique was the lowest(44.7~60.6%) among the three helminths as well as much lower than that by F-E technique(67.4~87.9%).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Cellophane maculopathy: a case report.

Cellophane maculopathy is a fairly common entity frequently overlooked as a possible explanation for decreased visual acuity. A case report is presented to show how this entity presents itself clinically and what procedures are performed to establish the diagnosis.

Fluorescein Angiography↗