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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Cloning of ACC oxidase gene and inhibition of endogenous gene expression with RNAi in cauliflower].

A fragment of 1202 bp of the candidate ACO gene was amplified from the cauliflower (brassica oleracea Var. botrytis) genome using the degenerated primers which were designed according to the consensus sequence of ACO amino acids among various plant species. The result of BLAST showed the sequence presented a very high match with the ACO genes from other plants; the homologue was from 83% to 99%. Three exons and two introns were identified in this sequence. The spliced length of mRNA was 756 nt and encoded 252 amino acids. The putative new gene was denominated BoACO, and submitted to GenBank (AY676466). Using the sequence, we constructed an RNA interference (RNAi) transformation vector through the way of BP cloning. The transformation into cauliflower was performed. Five regenerated plants with kanamycin resistance were obtained. And the transgene integrated into cauliflower genome was proved with PCR and Southern blotting. The expression of this ACO gene is down-regulated based on the Northern blotting in the transgenic plants. The activity of ACO enzyme was depressed significantly.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2006

[Identification and analysis of the specific molecular marker associated with fertile maintenance of cytoplasmic male sterility cauliflower].

Analysis of RAPD (Randomly Amplification Polymorphic DNA) was performed between cytoplasmic male sterility line and its maintainer line of cauliflower. Totally 2160 detectable bands were obtained by RAPD using 406 10-bp random primers. Averagely, 5 to 10 bands were produced per primer. Among all the primers only the amplification of primer S2121 was polymorphic in two lines. A 934-bp specific band was only detected in maintainer line. After cloning and sequencing, specific primers were designed to transform the RAPD marker to PCR marker, which was named S2121(900). To identify the specificity of S2121(900), southern dot blotting was performed. To further identify its specificity, individual plant and candidate materials testing were also performed. All these results indicated that the S2121(900) was specific. It can be used to screen the maintainer lines of cauliflower in early stage. Analysis of the sequence suggested that this fragment was high homologous with the part sequences of mitochondrial genome in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. So we supposed the S2121(900) may also derive from mitochondrial genome. Our results here offer new clues for explaining the molecular mechanism of cytoplasic male sterility of cauliflower in other way.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of hepatic toxicities from polybrominated biphenyls and aflatoxin B in rats fed cauliflower.

Feeding diets containing cauliflower to rats inhibited hepatic residues of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) with a reduction of fatty livers produced by 50 ppm of dietary PBB. Cauliflower diets also reduced the toxic effects of aflatoxin in Fischer rats, i.e. prevented mortality and internal hemorrhaging, and reduced liver pathology. These diets enhanced hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase and p-nitroanisole O-demethylase activities. A kinetic study of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase reaction rates showed that apparent Km was lower in liver, kidney, and intestine, with a higher Vmax in the intestine. These data, combined with earlier studies, suggest that microsomal enzyme induction, especially in liver and intestine, affords a detoxication mechanism of two widespread food contaminants when animals are under a cauliflower dietary regimen.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed2004

Genotypic effects on glucosinolates and sensory properties of broccoli and cauliflower.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence that the species, form or cultivar exerts on the glucosinolate spectrum for glucosinolates and free sugars in selected vegetable species of the Brassica genus (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck, Brassica rapa var. alboglabra and Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). The results showed significant differences amongst the cultivar groups for the glucosinolate proportions as well as the contents of health-promoting and flavour-influencing alkyl, alkenyl and indole glucosinolates. The clear differences in the proportions of glucosinolates amongst the groups were not significantly influenced by the weather, although the absolute glucosinolate contents were. Interestingly, the species, forms and cultivars diverged in their external and internal sensory attributes, for example, colour, taste properties such as bitter and sweet, flavour such as green/ grassy, spicy, broccoli-like, cabbage-like, cauliflower-like, kohlrabi-like, leek-like and mouth-feel pungent. Differences in the sensory attributes led to different consumer acceptability based on first impressions judged on colour, flavour and overall liking. Consumers were seen to prefer cultivars with a bright colour, a lower level of bitter tasting glucosinolates (alkenyl and indole glucosinolates) and a higher sucrose content. Significant correlations were determined between the compound concentrations, the descriptively determined sensory properties and the consumer scores. Here, we identified properties of broccoli and cauliflower which, when optimised to the tastes of the consumer, could boost their acceptability.

Brassica↗
PubMed2003

High-resolution genetic and physical mapping of the cauliflower high-beta-carotene gene Or ( Orange).

Mutation in the cauliflower gene Or causes high levels of beta-carotene to accumulate in various tissues of the plant that are normally devoid of carotenoids. To decipher the molecular basis by which Or regulates carotenoid accumulation, we have undertaken the isolation of Or by a map-based cloning strategy. Two previously isolated, locus-specific, sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers that flank Or were employed for the analysis of a large segregating population consisting of 1632 F(2) individuals, and a high-resolution genetic linkage map of the Or locus region was developed. To facilitate positional cloning, we constructed a cauliflower genomic library in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector, using high molecular weight DNA from Or homozygotes. The BAC library comprises 60,288 clones with an average insert size of 110 kb, and represents an estimated 10-fold coverage of the genome. A BAC contig encompassing the Or locus was established by screening the library with a marker that is closely linked to Or and by identifying overlapping BAC clones by chromosome walking. Physical mapping delimited the Or locus to a 50-kb DNA fragment within a single BAC clone, which corresponds to a genetic interval of 0.3 cM.

Brassica↗
PubMed1978

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III from cauliflower. Characterization and template specificity.

Class III DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) was highly purified from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, var. bortytis) by using polyethyleneimine precipitation. The specific activity of the enzyme was comparable to that reported for mammalian enzymes. Glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis indicated that the sedimantation coefficient (23 S) was slightly higher than that of enzyme II from cauliflower. The class III enzyme was inhibited by alpha-amanitin at high concentrations (50% inhibition at 200 microgram/ml). The Km value for nucleoside triphosphate was determined. Template specificities for single synthetic polymers showed that the enzyme read pyrimidine homopolymers as templates and preferred poly(dT) to poly(dC). The enzyme transcribed both strands of homopolymer pairs of poly(dI). poly(dC) and poly(dA).poly(dT). The synthetic polyribonucleotides were not effectively read. Competition experiments with these synthetic polymers indicated that the enzyme had different binding specificities which were not the same as their template specificities. The different binding affinities and template specificites for synthetic templates of the three classes of enzyme suggest that the enzyme can discriminate among different template sequences.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1989

Posttranscriptional trans-activation in cauliflower mosaic virus.

The ability of plant cells to translate dicistronic mRNAs that mimic a segment of the polycistronic 35S RNA from cauliflower mosaic virus has been tested. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase open reading frames (ORFs) were fused in-frame to the second viral cistron (ORF I). Efficient reporter expression from the corresponding plasmids in plant protoplasts was observed only upon cotransfection with viral DNA. The trans-activating gene maps at ORF VI, which is expressed from a separate, monocistronic messenger (19S RNA). Deletion analysis shows that trans-activation selectively enhances downstream gene expression; the high expression of the upstream ORF is not further increased. The major reporter transcript remained bicistronic upon trans-activation, and its abundance varied only to a limited extent. Results indicate that trans-activation enhances the translation of downstream ORFs on polycistronic mRNAs derived from cauliflower mosaic virus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Sensitivity to allyl isothiocyanate, dimethyl trisulfide, sinigrin, and cooked cauliflower consumption.

The consumption of cauliflower consumers has been related to the olfactory and gustatory sensitivities to potentially objectionable flavor compounds in this vegetable. Based on the ascending concentration series method of limits, a first experiment was designed to develop rapid tests dedicated to estimate individuals' olfactory thresholds for allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) and gustatory thresholds for sinigrin (SIN). The best compromise between rapidity and reliability was obtained with two replications of a four-alternative forced choice (AFC) at six ascending concentrations (6x2x4-AFC) for both AITC and DMTS, and with a 6x1x4-AFC for SIN. In a second experiment, sensitivity to SIN, AITC and DMTS was determined on 267 participants divided into three cauliflower consumer target groups: non-, medium- or high consumers. The non-consumers were significantly more sensitive to SIN and AITC than were the medium and high consumers. No effect of consumer's sensitivity to DMTS was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Morphometric study of cauliflower collagen fibrils in dermatosparaxis of the calves.

The abnormal cauliflower collagen fibrils present in the skin of dermatosparactic calves were studied by electron microscopy and computerized image analysis. The structure of the fibrils is heterogeneous and varies according to their location in the dermis. Cauliflower fibrils seems due to a defect in the lateral cohesion between the constitutive procollagen polymers. This is associated with the presence of a non-collageneous material larger than the aminopropeptide surrounding the procollagen polymers, while the volume occupied by procollagen in each fibril is comparable to that of collagen in normal fibrils.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Morphometric study of cauliflower collagen fibrils in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type I.

The abnormal cauliflower collagen fibrils present in skin of patients with Ehlers-Danlos type I were studied by electron microscopy and computerized image analysis. The size control of the few fibrils displaying a cauliflower shape is apparently lost, eventuating in an increased amount of collagen polymers constitutive of these fibrils. This situation is fundamentally different from that occurring in dermatosparaxis, an animal disease considered as a model for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Genotoxic effects after in vivo exposure of vegetable extracts containing heavy metals from the Dhapa area of Calcutta, India. I. Effects of cauliflower, spinach and radish.

Several reports have indicated that the sewage-fed vegetables of the Dhapa area, near the city of Calcutta, contain a very high amount of heavy metals. Currently 800 ha of land is being utilised throughout the year to cultivate more than eight types of vegetables, with a production of about 147 tonnes per day. A major population of Calcutta consumes these vegetables grown in the Dhapa area. Recently there has been huge pressure on the State Government to ban vegetables grown in the Dhapa area for human consumption. For this reason, we have studied the genotoxic effects of some of the most commonly used vegetable extracts from the Dhapa area after in vivo acute exposure in mice as measured by chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) to find out the minimum threshold dose to induce CA and SCE. Three different concentrations of the three most commonly used vegetable extracts (cauliflower, spinach, radish) were fed by gavage to mice for the study of CA and SCE. A significant increase in CA was observed only at the highest concentration of all the vegetable extract-treated groups when compared with the solvent control. A significant increase in SCE were observed in the middle and high doses of spinach and only the high dose of cauliflower and radish extract-treated series when compared with distilled water control. The lowest dose was equivalent to approximately 1 kg of vegetables consumed by a human (60 kg body weight) in a day. The middle and high doses of each vegetable extract were much higher than the normal amount of vegetables that a human can consume per day. So the minimum dose for inducing SCE and CA was much higher than the amount a human can consume in a day. Therefore this study indicates that these vegetables are safe for human consumption up to a certain limit, and attention should be given to reducing the heavy metal contents in the soil and sewage of the Dhapa area to thus reduce the heavy metal concentrations in the vegetables.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Flower development. Origin of the cauliflower.

A mutant gene that is responsible for generating cauliflower-like heads in the model laboratory plant Arabidopsis has been cloned, and the same gene has been shown to be mutant in edible cauliflowers.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1999

Effects of heat treatment and dehydration on properties of cauliflower fiber.

The effects of heat treatment and dehydration on fiber structure and hydration properties, using cauliflower floret/curd and stem tissues, have been investigated. No major changes in fiber composition resulted from sample treatments, but the degree of esterification of pectic polysaccharides, approximately 60% in fresh cauliflower, decreased by approximately 12% in samples heated at temperatures >40 degrees C. Enzymic activity was considered to be responsible, through pectin methyl esterase activity. De-esterification was temperature and moisture sensitive. Hydration properties were also affected by processing conditions. The solubility of nonstarch polysaccharides in fresh, freeze-dried, and 40 degrees C dried samples was approximately 6% but increased to 12% in boiled samples and decreased in samples dried at 75 degrees C. Similar behavior occurred for swelling and water retention capacity (WRC), with swelling and WRC highest for boiled samples and lowest for samples dried at 75 degrees C. Hence, a decrease in de-esterification was not directly responsible for changes in hydration properties. The results demonstrate the importance of processing history on functional properties and on the preparation of fiber-rich ingredients for successful incorporation into foods.

Brassica↗
PubMed1999

Identification of genes specifically expressed in cauliflower reproductive meristems. Molecular characterization of BoREM1.

Using the meristems of the cauliflower curd as a source of tissue and a series of subtractive hybridizations and amplification reactions, we have constructed a cDNA library highly enriched in cDNAs expressed in reproductive meristems. The analysis of a sample of 250 clones from this library identified 22 cDNA clones corresponding to genes specifically expressed in these cauliflower meristems. Apart from two clones that corresponded to APETALA1, and two other ones showing similarity to different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the remaining clones showed no similarity to any sequence in the databases and may correspond to novel genes. One of these clones, BoREM1, was further characterized and found to correspond to a gene encoding a protein with features of regulatory proteins that follows a expression pattern very similar to the LEAFY transcripts.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1967

Biosynthesis of ethylene. Formation of ethylene from methional by a cell-free enzyme system from cauliflower florets.

1. The formation of ethylene from cauliflower florets is stimulated by the addition of either methionine or its hydroxy analogue. 2. Formation of ethylene from these compounds may also be demonstrated in cell-free extracts, but the most rapid formation is achieved by the addition of methional. 3. Fractionation of such extracts has shown that both particulate and non-particulate fractions are necessary for the formation of ethylene from methionine or its hydroxy analogues, but only the non-particulate fraction is necessary for its formation from methional. 4. A study of this system has shown that the conversion of methional into ethylene requires the presence of two enzyme systems, the first generating peroxide and the second catalysing the conversion of methional into ethylene in the presence of peroxide. 5. The presence of a heat-stable factor in cauliflower extracts that is necessary for the full activity of the enzyme converting methional into ethylene has also been shown. 6. The nature of this factor is at the present unknown; it is not a metal nor is it identifiable with many of the known coenzymes.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1993

Identification of C-terminal amino acid residues of cauliflower mosaic virus open reading frame III protein responsible for its DNA binding activity.

We cloned in Escherichia coli truncated versions of the protein p15 encoded by open reading frame III of cauliflower mosaic virus. We then compared the ability of the wild-type p15 (129 amino acids) and the deleted p15 to bind viral double-stranded DNA genome. Deletions of > 11 amino acids in the C-terminal proline-rich region resulted in loss of DNA binding activity of wild-type p15. Moreover, a point mutation of the proline at position 118 sharply reduced the interaction between the viral protein and DNA. These results suggest that cauliflower mosaic virus p15 belongs to the family of DNA binding proteins having a proline-rich motif involved in interaction with double-stranded DNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Molecular cloning and functional expression of a water-soluble chlorophyll protein, a putative carrier of chlorophyll molecules in cauliflower.

A cDNA for a water-soluble chlorophyll (Chl) protein (WSCP) from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var botrys) was cloned and sequenced. The cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding 19 residues for a signal peptide and 199 residues for the mature form of WSCP. The sequence showed extensive homology to drought-stress-related, 22-kDa proteins in some Brassicaceae plants. Functional WSCP was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with a maltose-binding protein (MBP). When the recombinant MBP-WSCP was incubated with thylakoid membranes, the MBP-WSCP removed Chls from these membranes. During this process, the monomer of the apo-MBP-WSCP successfully bound Chls and was converted into tetrameric holo-MBP-WSCP. The reconstituted MBP-WSCP exhibited absorption and fluorescent spectra identical to those of the native WSCP purified from cauliflower leaves. The Chl a/b ratio in native WSCP indicates a high content of Chl a, which was mainly due to the higher affinity of MBP-WSCP for Chl a. WSCP is the first example of a hydrophilic protein that can transfer Chls from thylakoid hydrophobic proteins. Possible functions of WSCP are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Aphid transmission of cauliflower mosaic virus requires the viral PIII protein.

The open reading frame (ORF) III product (PIII) of cauliflower mosaic virus is necessary for the infection cycle but its role is poorly understood. We have used in vitro protein binding ('far Western') assays to demonstrate that PIII interacts with the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) ORF II product (PII), a known aphid transmission factor. Aphid transmission of purified virions of the PII-defective strain CM4-184 was dependent upon added PII, but complementation was efficient only in the presence of PIII, demonstrating the requirement of PIII for transmission. Deletion mutagenesis mapped the interaction domains of PIII and PII to the 30 N-terminal and 61 C-terminal residues of PIII and PII, respectively. A model for interaction between PIII and PII is proposed on the basis of secondary structure predictions. Finally, a direct correlation between the ability of PIII and PII to interact and aphid transmissibility of the virus was demonstrated by using mutagenized PIII proteins. Taken together, these data argue strongly that PIII is a second 'helper' factor required for CaMV transmission by aphids.

Amino Acid Sequence↗