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PubMed1979

[Index of isometric contraction--a comparison with invasive methods of cardiac function testing in patients with ischemic heart diseases and post-myocardial infarct status].

In 81 patients with an ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction the evidence of the presphygmic index PI (non-invasive index) was tested concerning a beginning myocardial functional disturbance and a latent heart insufficiency, respectively, with the help of an invasive cardiopulmonary functional diagnostics which was performed under dosed bicycle ergometer load in the steady state. The presphygmic index PI correlates in significantly positive way with the end-diastolic pressure of the heart and the quotient from minute volume of the heart and the end-diastolic pressure of the pulmonary arteries (VM/PAEDP). The presphygmic index is on the basis of this correlation of the left-ventricular function suitable to establish disturbances of the myocardial functions and to give the possibility of a separation of the patients in cardially sufficient and cardially insufficient ones. Here the evidence of the presphygmic index might be larger concerning the recognition of a latent heart insufficiency than concerning the recognition of beginning myocardial functional disturbances. The presphygmic index apparantly possesses a high degree of sensibility then, when the myocardial functional disturbances coincide with a beginning reduction of the pumping action of the heart.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of lithium chloride on several indices of cardiac function].

Used in a dose of 100 mg/kg lithium chloride modifies the ECG patterns in rats, rabbits and cats. It increases the voltage of P and R waves, the S-T interval and slows down the rhythm of cardiac contractions. In doses of 50-300 mg/kg the compound raises the coronary circulation rate in narcotized cats. The compound exerts an antiarrhythmic action in chlorocalcium arrhythmia in rats, in strophanthin-induced one in cats and frogs and the intensity of this action is not inferior to that produced by potassium chloride, quinidine, novacainamide, izoptin and even exceeds it.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of nitroglycerin on cardiac function and regional blood flow distribution in conscious dogs.

The effects of intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin (NTG), 8 and 32 microgram/kg.min for 7 min, and of sublingual NTG, 1.2 mg, were examined on direct and continuous measurements of systemic, coronary, and regional hemodynamics, left ventricular (LV) dimensions, pressures, and myocardial contractility in conscious dogs. NTG induced sustained reductions in LV dimensions and transient increases in heart rate and dP/dt, and decreases in mean arterial pressure. Initially NTG increased cardiac output and flows to the coronary, mesenteric, renal, and iliac beds, while systemic and regional vascular resistances fell. Later, cardiac output, cardiac work, and mesenteric and iliac flows fell significantly below control, and significant vasoconstriction in the systemic as well as mesenteric, iliac, and coronary beds was observed at a time when LV end-diastolic dimensions were still significantly reduced. Peripheral vasoconstriction was not observed with systemic NTG in deafferented dogs or when NTG, 1 microgram/kg.min, was infused intra-arterially into the iliac bed. Thus, systemic NTG induces a biphasic response consisting of initial arteriolar vasodilation followed by vasoconstriction in the mesenteric, iliac, coronary and systemic beds, which is presumably due to longer lasting effects on preload and to secondary reflex responses to the drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Modification of cardiac function by synchronized oscillating acceleration.

The sensitivity of selected cardiovascular (CV) responses to the physical stressor of External whole-body oscillating Acceleration Synchronized with the Electrocardiogram (EASE) was analyzed in 8 chronically instrumented tranquilized dogs. A sinusoidal acceleration wave form was imposed on the supine animals along the spinal (+/- Gz) axis at a constant amplitude of +/- 0.75 G, and a frequency equal to the paced-heart frequency (2--3 Hz). When the peak force was positive in early systole, and negative in early diastole, changes in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo2, + 8%), mean coronary flow (MCF, + 8%), stroke volume (SV, + 15%), cardiac work (CW, + 19%) and the time derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt, + 18%) were minimal in comparison to nonoscillatory control values. When the peak force was positive in early diastole and negative in late diastole and early systole, changes in MVo2 (+ 41%), MCF (+ 39%), SV (+ 33%), CW (+ 50%), and dP/dt (+ 31%) were maximal. Thus the capability of EASE to produce a range of desired sustained CV responses provides a basis for its potential diagnostic/therapeutic applications.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1978

Transfusion of 2,3 DPG-enriched red blood cells to improve cardiac function.

Attempts were made to enhance oxygen availability in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations by transfusing red blood cells enriched in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) to 150% of normal. In this study of 22 patients, 11 received red blood cells with high 2,3 DPG levels and 11 received red blood cells with 70% of normal 2,3 DPG levels (control). Immediately following cardiopulmonary bypass the 11 patients who received high 2,3 DPG red blood cells had a P50 value of 31.6 mm Hg; the value in control patients was 28.3 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Oxygen consumption values were 135 and 106 ml/min/m2, respectively (p less than 0.05). Mixed venous oxygen tensions were similar in the two groups, but the arteriovenous content difference was higher in the high 2,3 DPG group (p less than 0.05). Cardiac indices increased significantly in response to a fluid load in the high 2,3 DPG group compared with controls at comparable filling pressures. We believe the improved myocardial performance in response to a fluid challenge is a result of increased oxygen availability.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1978

Influence of digitalis on cardiac function before and after autonomic blockade.

The influence of Deslanoside C (D), 1.2 mg intravenously on the systolic time intervals (STI) was assessed in 15 individuals with right ventricular pacemakers, who were studied on two occasions, ten days apart. In the first case D was given under basal conditions, and in the second after autonomic blockade (with practolol 20 mg intravenously and atropine 1.5 and 1.0 mg intravenously) at 1 hour's interval. There were similar changes of the STI with digitalis administration both before and after automic blockade. Autonomic blockade is not necessary for full expression of digitalis action on the human heart, as advocated by some authors to be the case in experimental animals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dose-dependent depression of cardiac function and metabolism by inhalation anesthetics in chronically instrumented dogs.

Halothane, methoxyflurane, and enflurane produce dose-dependent depression in ventricular function in the dog. Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption are decreased accordingly without evidence of myocardial tissue hypoxia. Low-dose fluoxene does not depress the heart, while there is less depression with high-dose fluroxene than with the other anesthetics. In spite of this depression, myocardial blood flow was unchanged, and the decreased oxygen consumption during high-dose fluroxene was a result of decreased oxygen extraction by the heart. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation produced by fluroxene anesthesia is probably responsible for these effects, but further work is necessary for confirmation of this hypothesis.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1979

Radionuclide left ventricular dV/dt for the assessment of cardiac function in patients with coronary disease.

To investigate potential uses of left-ventricular (LV) systolic ejection rate (LV dV/dt) in the evaluation of LV function, we examined the effect of exercise, angiotensin, and leg raising on LV ejection fraction and LV dV/dt in patients with coronary-artery disease. The following observations were made: a) LV ejection fraction and dV/dt changed proportionately, but in opposite directions, during supine exercise; b) LV ejection fraction and dV/dt decreased to a similar extent during angiotensin infusions; and c) LV ejection fraction and dV/dt were unchanged by leg raising. The changes in peak and mean LV dV/dt were similar. Regardless of the physiologic state, peak LV dV/dt occurred during the first third of systole. These data imply that in this population there were no specific advantages of LV dV/dt over LV ejection fraction in the evaluation of LV performance.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1978

Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function and drug effects in acute myocardial infarction.

The hemodynamic evaluation of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) usually is performed by invasive methods. A prospective echocardiographic study was conducted on 23 AMI patients to determine the feasibility of this technique in evaluating hemodynamics and in measuring the effect of drugs on left ventricular performance. The results showed that: 1) reproducible measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions can be obtained by echocardiography, and 2) echocardiography can be used in the assessment of the effect of drugs in AMI. As echocardiography is a simple noninvasive procedure, it is well suited for conducting longitudinal studies in patients outside the coronary care unit and in ambulatory AMI patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Assessment of cardiac function in marathon runners by graphic noninvasive techniques.

The volume overload type of heart often observed in endurance athletes, was simulate a diseased heart. We used a battery of noninvasive graphic techniques, i.e., echocardiogram, apexcardiogram, carotid pulse, electrocardiogram, vectorcardiogram, phonocardiogram, systolic time intervals, and treadmill stress testing in 12 professional marathon runners, mean age 33.8 +/- 11.1. Twenty nonathletes matched for age, height, sex, and weight served as a control group. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension in marathon runners averaged 5.53 +/- 0.5 cm compared to 4.81 +/- 0.04 cm in nonathletes (p less than 0.001), LV end-diastolic volume was 172.69 +/- 43.3 ml compared to 113.57 +/- 30.41 ml in nonathletes (p less than 0.001), stroke volume was 122.27 +/- 32.8 ml compared to 78.42 +/- 20.44 ml in non-athletes (p less than 0.001), the thickness of the posterior LV wall was 1.0 +/- 0.2 cm compared to 0.7 +/- 0.1 cm in nonathletes (p less than 0.001), and LV mass was significantly increased, 212.43 +/- 55.8 g compared to 123.48 +/- 24.54 g in non-athletes (p less than 0.01). Left atrium and aortic root were also relatively larger in athletes (p less than 0.01). Right ventricular end-diastolic dimension was enlarged in marathon runners (2.02 +/- 0.65 cm). No statistically significant differences were noted in ejection fraction, percentage of internal diameter shortening (% delta D) and PEP/LVET. The carotid tracing had a bisferiens pulse in five marathon runners. The apexcardiogram showed a bifid systolic thrust in three and absence of abnormal A wave. These abnormalities were related to the overload type of heart as proven by echocardiogram. "Early repolarization syndrome" (abnormal RS-T segment elevation) and notched T waves in ECG had a counterpart a semilunar configuration in the VCG. Three athletes met ECG criteria and one met VCG criteria of LVH. The treadmill exercise ECG was negative in all 12 athletes. Biventricular enlargement and increased left ventricular mass are present in the marathon runner's heart. Myocardial contractility at rest was, however, not statistically different from nonathletes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cardiac function and hemodynamic parameters after pentaerythritol tetranitrate: assessment by a noninvasive radionuclide technique.

The availability of a relatively small computer with programming providing multiple-gated acquisition capability (MUGA) permits the measurement of ejection fraction and evaluation of ventricular wall motion without the need for invasive techniques. It is probable that the various nitrates available--nitroglycerin, PETN, and isosorbide dinitrate--have somewhat different hemodynamic effects, and that the radionuclide technique can assist in determining these differences and may help to predict which agents might be most appropriate in specific situations.

Adult↗