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PubMed1989

Ultrastructure of the parathyroid gland of the mouse fetus after calcium chloride or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid administration.

Ultrastructural changes of the parathyroid glands of 18-day-old mouse fetuses after administration of calcium chloride (calcium) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were examined. Many chief cells in the parathyroid glans of the calcium-treated mouse fetuses contained poorly developed Golgi complexes and cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and many secretory granules as compared with those of the control fetuses. Many chief cells in the glands of the EDTA-treated mouse fetuses contained well-developed Golgi complexes and cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and many prosecretory granules as compared with those of the control fetuses. These findings suggest that calcium or EDTA affects the secretory activity of the parathyroid gland of the mouse fetus.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comparison in dairy cattle of mucosal toxicity of calcium formate and calcium chloride in oil.

AIM: Oral aqueous preparations of calcium chloride have been well established as causes of gastro-intestinal irritation in cattle. Recently another calcium salt, calcium formate, has been marketed as a treatment and prevention for hypocalcaemia, with the claim that it is non-irritant. The aim of this trial was to establish the safety of calcium formate in the target animal. METHODS: Nine Friesian milking cows were selected and separated at random into three groups. Three were treated with calcium formate, three with calcium chloride in soya bean oil as a positive control and three were negative controls. Cows were slaughtered 6 hours after the last administration and the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum examined by an operator who was unaware of the experimental status of the animals. RESULTS: There was diffuse reddening and swelling of the abomasal mucosa in two of the three cows treated with calcium formate but no lesions in those treated with calcium chloride in soya bean oil or in the negative controls. Histology of the affected portions of abomasum showed areas of necrosis of the mucosa and some acute inflammation. The submucosa was also haemorrhagic with moderate numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils present. Histology on other animals was unremarkable. CONCLUSION: Calcium formate may not be a safe oral treatment for cattle. Further testing is required. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Calcium formate, in the high concentrations required for therapy of hypocalcaemia may not be a safe treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Effect of calcium chloride on gross behavioural changes produced by carbachol and eserine in cats.

The effect of calcium chloride injected into the cerebral ventricles of group-housed unanaesthetized cats upon vocalization (rage, hissing and snarling), fighting (attack with paws and claws, defense with paws and claws and biting), mydriasis, tremor and clonic-tonic convulsions produced by carbachol and eserine injected similarly was investigated. Calcium chloride depressed or almost completely abolished the vocalization and fighting due to carbachol and eserine. On the other hand, mydriasis, tremor and clonic-tonic convulsions evoked by carbachol and eserine were not significantly changed by calcium chloride. It is apparent that calcium chloride can "dissociate" vocalization and fighting from autonomic and motor phenomena such as mydriasis, tremor and clonic-tonic convulsions caused by carbachol and eserine. Calcium chloride inhibited the vocalization and fighting produced by carbachol and eserine most probably by a nonspecific stabilizing action on central muscarinic cholinoceptive sites. These results further support the view that calcium ions in excess have an atropine-like action also in the central nervous system.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

Calcium chloride penetrates plant cuticles via aqueous pores.

Penetration of calcium chloride across astomatous cuticular membranes (CMs) isolated from leaves of Pyrus communis L. has been studied. Penetration was a first-order process when calcium chloride concentrations ranged from 2 gl(-1) to 10 gl(-1). Rate constants were increased 10-fold by adding wetting agents but they did not depend on temperature. The accelerators tributyl phosphate and diethyl sebacate had no effect on rates of penetration. Increasing humidity over the salt residue on the CMs from 50 to 90% increased rate constants by about 2-fold. Extracting cuticular waxes from pear leaf CMs increased rate constants by factors of 2 to 3, depending on humidity. Leaf CMs from Malus domestica Borkh., Populus aelha L., Stephanotis floribunda Brongn. and Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms were also permeable to CaCl2. Highest rate constants were observed with poplar CMs while Schefflera CMs exhibited the lowest permeability. By comparing these results with the well established transport properties of the lipophilic pathway it is concluded that calcium chloride hexahydrate penetrated cuticular membranes via aqueous pores.

Calcium Chloride↗
PubMed1985

Myocardial oxygen consumption with isoproterenol versus calcium chloride in hypocalcemic ventricular failure in dogs.

In 30 dogs on right heart bypass we compared the effects of isoproterenol with those of calcium chloride on myocardial oxygen consumption and on left ventricular function in the setting of ventricular depression produced by ionized hypocalcemia. In 22 dogs (Groups A and B) either isoproterenol or calcium chloride was infused, left ventricular function curves were generated, and end-diastolic pressure vs segment length plots were obtained. In 8 dogs (Group C), with initial hypocalcemia, both isoproterenol and calcium chloride were infused separately in random order to produce an equal decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure at constant mean aortic pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. Myocardial oxygen consumption and indices of left ventricular function were obtained. In Groups A and B, both drugs, when administered to the ventricle depressed by hypocalcemia, displaced left ventricular function curves upward and to the left. Left ventricular stroke work at constant left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased (from 13.0 +/- 1.3 to 31.2 +/- 2.3 g X m for isoproterenol; from 13.9 +/- 2.5 to 32.5 +/- 2.5 g X m for calcium chloride). In Group C, there were no significant differences between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic internal diameter, myocardial oxygen consumption, or peak left ventricular dP/dt in the hypocalcemic periods preceding isoproterenol and calcium chloride infusion. When the two drugs caused matched decreases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (-7.4 +/- 0.5 cm H2O for isoproterenol; -7.3 +/- 0.8 cm H2O for calcium chloride) there were similar decreases in end-diastolic internal diameter. However, isoproterenol was associated with a significantly greater (P less than 0.001) myocardial oxygen consumption (13.7 +/- 0.4 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1) than calcium chloride infusion (11.9 +/- 0.4 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1), as well as a greater peak left ventricular dP/dt (P less than 0.005).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Perioperative haemodynamic effects of an intravenous infusion of calcium chloride in children following cardiac surgery.

Twelve children received an infusion of 10% calcium chloride 0.1 ml/kg to a maximum dose of 5 ml, infused over 5 min, following open heart surgery. Blood ionized calcium, systemic arterial pH, cardiac index, mean systemic arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance index were measured at baseline and repeated 20 and 40 min following completion of the infusion. There was considerable overlap, with no significant differences in the response to the calcium chloride infusion between children with ionized hypocalcaemia (< 1.1 mmol/l) and those with ionized normocalcaemia when its effect on percentage change in either the haemodynamic or biochemical measurements was assessed (p > 0.2 for all measurements; Mann-Whitney). For this reason they were treated as a single group. Significant changes from baseline were noted in mean systemic arterial pressure (p < 0.02), cardiac index (p < 0.01) and systemic vascular resistance index (p < 0.01) after completion of the calcium chloride infusion when analysed using Friedman's two-way analysis of variance. A significant increase in mean systemic arterial blood pressure occurs after an infusion of 10% calcium chloride as a direct result of an increase in the systemic vascular resistance index with a concomitant decrease in cardiac index.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1998

Effect of prerigor freezing and postrigor calcium chloride injection on the tenderness of callipyge longissimus.

The effect of rapid prerigor freezing and postrigor freezing and postrigor calcium chloride injection on the tenderness of callipyge longissimus was studied. Ewe and wether lambs (n = 49; 1/2 Dorset x 1/2 Romanov) were grain-fed and slaughtered at approximately 250 d of age. Based on leg conformation scores, 23 of the carcasses had the callipyge phenotype. Within each phenotype, approximately one-half of the carcasses were chilled conventionally (24 h at -2 degrees C). At approximately 17 min postmortem, the remaining carcasses were submersed in liquid nitrogen for 15 min and then held at -2 degrees C for 4 d. At 1 d postmortem for carcasses chilled conventionally and at 4 d postmortem for carcasses frozen in liquid nitrogen, the longissimus muscles from both sides were removed. The longissimus from one side of each carcass was vacuum-packaged and aged (1 degrees C) conventionally for 7 or 14 d. The remaining muscles were injected with a 2.22% solution of food-grade calcium chloride at 5% by weight, vacuum-packaged, and aged as above. Liquid nitrogen freezing was effective in limiting sarcomere shortening (1.99 vs 1.63 microm; P < .05). Warner-Bratzler shear force values of callipyge longissimus were 222 and 232% of that of normal longissimus after 7 and 14 d postmortem, respectively (P < .001). Also, trained panel tenderness rating was decreased by 49.4% in untreated callipyge longissimus after 14 d postmortem. Liquid nitrogen, calcium chloride injection and their combination did not affect d-14 longissimus shear force and sensory tenderness for normal lambs because untreated muscles were already tender. Liquid nitrogen freezing improved the shear force and sensory tenderness rating of callipyge longissimus by 30 and 86.2% after 14 d postmortem, respectively. Calcium chloride injection improved the shear force and sensory tenderness of callipyge longissimus by 36.7 and 86.2% after 14 d postmortem, respectively (P < .001). The most effective treatment for mitigating the callipyge effect on tenderness was the combination (freezing and calcium chloride injection) treatment, which improved the shear force and sensory tenderness by 51.2 and 124.2% after 14 d postmortem, respectively (P < .001). We conclude that either treatment can effectively mitigate the negative effect of callipyge phenotype on longissimus tenderness. Callipyge lamb carcasses subjected to the combination of prerigor liquid nitrogen freezing, postrigor calcium chloride injection, and 14 d postmortem storage had tenderness similar (P > .05) to that of normal, untreated carcasses after 14 d of postmortem storage.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effects of pre- or post-application of calcium chloride on occluding ability of potassium oxalate for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether calcium ion supply using 1-6 mol/L CaCl2 solution could enhance the occluding ability of dentin tubules with 30% potassium oxalate treatment. METHODS: Calcium chloride solution (1-6 mol/L) was applied to dentin disks before or after application of 30% potassium oxalate solution. Occluding ability after potassium oxalate treatment was evaluated with scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation and measurement of dentin permeability. In addition, the composition of the precipitate formed when mixing potassium oxalate and calcium chloride was analyzed with a powder x-ray diffractometer (XRD). RESULTS: SEM observations revealed that the dentin tubules were occluded homogeneously and completely with the precipitate when calcium chloride solution was applied before or after potassium oxalate treatment. However, the depth of the precipitate in dentin tubules from the dentin surface became shallower when pre-treated with calcium chloride before potassium oxalate. Although dentin permeability was greatly reduced in both groups, no significant difference could be observed between samples with and without calcium chloride application.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Tissue norepinephrine depletion as a mechanism for calcium chloride inhibition of gastric carcinogenesis in rats after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and sodium chloride.

The effects of oral calcium chloride (CaCl2) on sodium chloride (NaCl)-enhanced induction of gastric carcinogenesis by the carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and the norepinephrine (NE) concentration in the gastric wall, were investigated in Wistar rats. Animals were given the carcinogen for 25 weeks and then chow pellets containing 10% NaCl with or without 8% or 4% CaCl2. In week 52, the incidence of gastric cancers, the NE concentration in the antral portion of gastric wall and the labelling index of antral epithelial cells were significantly greater in rats fed NaCl alone than in untreated control rats. Concomitant oral treatment with CaCl2 at 8%, but not 4%, significantly reduced the incidence of gastric cancers, the NE concentration in the antral portion of gastric wall and the labelling index of the antral epithelial cells in week 52 compared with those in rats fed NaCl alone. Because NE concentration reflects sympathetic nervous system activity, our findings suggest that the sympathetic nervous system could play a role in NaCl-enhanced gastric carcinogenesis. Our findings also suggest that NE depletion by CaCl2 may be related to its inhibition of NaCl-enhanced carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effectiveness of calcium chloride in refractory electromechanical dissociation.

The effectiveness of calcium in electromechanical dissociation (EMD) has been challenged. Retrospective studies have been contradictory. To determine its effectiveness a prospective, randomized, blinded study comparing calcium chloride and saline in refractory EMD was carried out in the pre-hospital setting from October 1982 to October 1983. Only patients who had received epinephrine and bicarbonate and were refractory were entered in the study. All trauma and pediatric arrests were excluded. Ninety patients presented in refractory EMD. Overall, eight of 48 who received calcium were resuscitated successfully in the field; two of 42 who received saline were resuscitated successfully (P less than .07). A successful resuscitation was defined as the conveyance of a patient with a pulse and a rhythm to an emergency department. Patients were analyzed for age, sex, and witnessing of arrest. There was no statistical difference in demographic data. When the group of EMD patients was broken down into subgroups based on the width of QRS, it was noted that patients with a QRS width less than 0.12 did not respond to calcium, whereas the successfully resuscitated in the group with widened QRS or ischemic changes (N = 70) was eight of 39, compared with one of 31 not receiving calcium (P less than .028). Only one patient who was resuscitated successfully was discharged from the hospital alive. Calcium has been shown to be effective in the cardiac resuscitation of patients in refractory EMD. There may be a subset of patients with widened QRS complexes or ischemic changes who will benefit to a greater extent from the use of calcium chloride.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dose-dependent response to an intratesticular injection of calcium chloride for induction of chemosterilization in adult albino rats.

This study concerned the minimum and optimum effective doses of calcium chloride needed for induction of chemosterilization in male albino rats, 30 days after a single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) solution at 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg per 100 g body weight per testis. There was a significant diminution in the relative wet weight of the sex organs (p<0.01), epididymal sperm count (p<0.001), plasma concentration of testosterone (p<0.01), testicular activities of delta5,3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (delta5,3beta-HSD), 17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) (p<0.01), glutathione S-transferase (GST) (p<0.01), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p<0.01), and peroxidase (p<0.01), significant elevations in testicular content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (p<0.01), along with derangement of seminiferous tubular architecture and degeneration of the Leydig cells in the testis and elevations in the concentrations in the plasma of LH and FSH (p<0.01), commencing at a dose of 5 mg, with the greatest effects at a dose of 20 mg. No significant alterations in these factors occurred at the dose of 2.5 mg in comparison to the control that received only the vehicle. There was no significant alteration in the plasma concentrations of prolactin (p>0.05), corticosterone (p>0.05) or fasting blood glucose or in the rectal temperature (p>0.05) at any of the doses relative to the control group, suggesting that this chemosterilizing procedure did not exert any chronic stress on the experimental animals. From these observations, it may be suggested that 5 mg should be considered as the minimum dose, and 10 mg or 20 mg as the optimum dose, whereas 2.5 mg was ineffective for induction of chemosterilization. There would seem to be little point in using more than 20 mg of calcium chloride for this purpose. Intratesticular injection of calcium chloride at an effective dose may be considered as an alternative to surgical castration.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1998

A comparative study of the effectiveness of calcium propionate and calcium chloride for the prevention of parturient paresis in dairy cows.

The efficacy of calcium propionate for the prevention of parturient paresis (milk fever) was compared with that of calcium chloride using 194 cows that had experienced milk fever during the previous calving. The cows were mainly of the Swedish Red and White and Swedish Friesian breeds and were divided randomly into an experimental group (n = 99) and a control group (n = 95). The cows in the experimental group received up to six boluses of 20 g of calcium as calcium propionate between 36 h before and 24 h after calving; the cows in the control group received up to four doses of 54 g of calcium as a commercially available oily solution of calcium chloride during the same period. Incidence of milk fever was recorded as the percentage of cows that were treated by a veterinarian because they showed clinical signs of the disease and had a blood calcium concentration less than 8.0 mg/dl. Twenty-five (25.3%) cows in the experimental group and 22 cows (23.2%) in the control group developed milk fever. The incidence of milk fever for cows in both groups was significantly lower than the 36.0% found in 713 cows that had experienced milk fever during their previous calving but received no prophylactic treatment. Therefore, calcium propionate was considered to have had a significant preventive effect, comparable with that of calcium chloride.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of calcium chloride on the conformation of proteins. Thermodynamic studies of some model compounds.

Partial molar heat capacities (CP2 degrees) and volumes (V2 degrees) for some amino acids and peptides were measured in 1 M aqueous calcium chloride solutions at 298.15 degrees K using a Picker flow microcalorimeter and an oscillating-tube digital density meter. Using the data for these amino acids and peptides in water, the corresponding partial molar heat capacities of transfer (CP2,tr degree) and volumes (V2,tr degree) from water to 1 M aqueous calcium chloride were deduced. These thermodynamic parameters are significantly positive, indicating that strong interactions occur between the ions of calcium chloride and the charged centres of these amino acids and peptides. A comparison has been made with a similar transfer of these compounds to sodium chloride solutions. The thermodynamic parameters of the transfer of peptide group (-CONH) are much more positive in calcium chloride than in sodium chloride solutions. The implication of this result for the ability of calcium chloride to act as a stronger destabilizer of protein conformation is discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Calcium chloride in experimental electromechanical dissociation: a placebo-controlled trial in dogs.

While calcium administration has been recommended in CPR, its beneficial effects have been challenged. The effectiveness of calcium chloride was evaluated and compared with epinephrine during successive episodes of electromechanical dissociation (EMD) after ventricular fibrillation in closed-chest dogs. Each of three successive episodes of CPR was randomly and blindly treated by repeated (every 2 min) injections of 5 ml H2O plus either 500 mg of calcium chloride (CaCl2), 1 mg of epinephrine (Epi), or 5% dextrose (D5W). Of 42 CPR attempts performed on 16 dogs, 16 were reversed by only chest compression and artificial ventilation. For the 26 CPR with pharmacologic intervention, recovery was obtained after one injection in 5 of 6 Epi but only in 4 of 11 CaCl2 and 4 of 9 D5W. Only four CPR attempts were ultimately unsuccessful, all in CaCl2 group. During recovery, the Epi group showed significantly higher arterial pressures and heart rates but less severe acidemia. In this model, calcium chloride alone is ineffective during EMD.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effects of postexsanguination vascular infusion of cattle with a solution of saccharides, sodium chloride, and phosphates or with calcium chloride on quality and sensory traits of steaks and ground beef.

Grain-finished Hereford x Angus steers (n = 36) were assigned to one of three treatmentgroups. Immediately after jugular exsanguination, 12 steers were infused at 10% of live weight via the left carotid artery with a solution developed by MPSC, Inc. (St. Paul, MN) consisting of 98.52% water, 0.97% saccharides, 0.23% sodium chloride, and 0.28% phosphate blend (MPSC); 12 steers were infused at 10% of live weight with 0.30 M CaCl2 (CaCl2); and 12 steers were exsanguinated conventionally and served as noninfused controls (CON). Declines in pH for three muscles were measured. CaCl2-infused carcasses exhibited extensive muscle contraction at the time of cooler entry. Carcasses were graded at 24 h postmortem and fabricated at 48 h postmortem. Longissimus lumborum (LL), semitendinosus (ST), and quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles were removed, vacuum packaged, and stored at 2 degrees C until 14 d postmortem. Then, 2.54-cm-thick steaks were cut from the LL and ST for shear force and sensory evaluations. Ground beef was formulated from the QF to contain 20% fat. Steers infused with MPSC and CaCl2 had 4.0 and 2.3% higher dressing percentage points, respectively, than CON steers. Calcium concentrations of the LL muscle for CaCl2- and MPSC-infused carcasses, as well as the CON carcasses, were 892.0, 158.9, and 216.6 ppm, respectively. For the TB and longissimus thoracis muscles, pH decline was more rapid for CaCl2- and MPSC-infused carcasses than for CON carcasses, but there were no differences in 24-h pH. Warner-Bratzler shear force values were much higher (P < 0.05), and descriptive attribute sensory panel tenderness scores much lower (P < 0.05), for the LL from CaCl2-infused carcasses than for MPSC-infused and CON carcasses. Flavor intensity of the LL of CaCl2-infused carcasses was reduced (P < 0.05); however, overall tenderness and flavor of the ST were unaffected (P > 0.05) by CaCl2 infusion. Beef flavor identification, brown-roasted flavor, and bloody/serumy flavor were lowest and soapy/chemical flavor was highest (P < 0.05) for both freshly cooked and warmed-over LL from CaCl2-infused carcasses. There were no distinct meat quality advantages for infusing cattle with a solution of saccharides, sodium chloride, and phosphates. Infusion with 0.30 M CaCl2 increased dressing percentage, but caused severe muscle contraction early postmortem, decreased LL tenderness markedly, and reduced flavor of LL steaks and ground beef.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effects of intracoronary calcium chloride on regional oxygen balance and mechanical function in normal and stunned myocardium in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Brief myocardial ischaemia has been demonstrated to result in mechanical and coronary endothelial dysfunction, in which calcium may play a role. We examined whether the mechanical and vascular responses to calcium are altered in postischaemic, reperfused myocardium. METHODS: Regional myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), mechanical function and coronary blood flow (CBF) in response to calcium chloride (0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg ml(-1) of CBF) directly infused into the left anterior descending (LAD) artery were determined before (normal) and 30 min after a 15-min-period of LAD occlusion (stunned) in an open-chest canine model. Percentage segment shortening (%SS) and percentage postsystolic shortening (%PSS) in the LAD territory were determined using ultrasonic crystals and CBF using a Doppler transducer. Myocardial extraction of oxygen (EO2) and lactate (Elac) was calculated. RESULTS: The infusion of calcium chloride resulted in dose-dependent increases in %SS and MVO2 but did not affect %PSS in normal myocardium. These changes were accompanied by parallel increases in CBF, resulting in no change in EO2. In stunned myocardium, the responses to calcium chloride were not significantly altered, with the exception of a reduction in %PSS. However, ischaemia and reperfusion itself significantly reduced %SS and Elac and increased %PSS. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that calcium chloride improves regional systolic and diastolic function both in normal and stunned myocardium. Calcium chloride is unlikely to cause direct coronary vasoconstriction or to deteriorate regional mechanical function in postischaemic myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Does calcium chloride help restore maternal blood pressure and uterine blood flow during hemorrhagic hypotension in hypermagnesemic gravid ewes?

Magnesium sulfate worsens maternal hypotension and fetal oxygenation during hemorrhage in gravid ewes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether calcium chloride administration is a useful adjunct to blood transfusion during hemorrhagic hypotension in hypermagnesemic gravid ewes. Sixteen experiments were performed in eight chronically instrumented animals between 0.8 and 0.9 of timed gestation. The experimental sequence included (a) T = 0: magnesium sulfate 4 g IV; (b) T = 5: infusion of magnesium sulfate 4 g/h IV; (c) T = 90: maternal hemorrhage 20 mL/kg over 55 min; (d) T = 147: calcium chloride 10 mg/kg or normal saline (NS-control) 0.1 mL/kg IV; (e) T = 160: transfusion of collected maternal blood over 55 min. Magnesium sulfate alone slightly decreased maternal mean arterial pressure (P = 0.002) and increased uterine blood flow (P = 0.0001) in both groups before hemorrhage. During hemorrhage, maternal mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and uterine blood flow, and fetal PO2 and pH all decreased sharply (P = 0.0001). Cardiac output increased (P = 0.0005) modestly just after the intravenous bolus of calcium chloride. Maternal mean arterial pressure was significantly higher (P = 0.03) during transfusion in the calcium chloride group than in the NS-control group, but only after mean arterial pressure was near baseline measurements. Maternal uterine blood flow and fetal PO2 and pH responses over time were similar in the two groups. We conclude that intravenous administration of calcium chloride (10 mg/kg) transiently increased cardiac output during hemorrhagic hypotension and slightly increased mean arterial pressure during transfusion in hypermagnesemic gravid ewes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of calcium chloride on experimental infection of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Concomitant administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and calcium chloride to mice enhanced the virulence of some strains. The 50% lethal dose of P. aeruginosa 5 decreased by more than three orders of magnitude, regardless of the challenge route (intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal injection), while the 50% lethal dose of strain N10 did not decrease. When challenged intramuscularly with 10(4) organisms of strain 5 or strain N10 mixed with calcium chloride, both strains multiplied at the local site of injection. Strain 5 subsequently caused systemic infection, while strain N10 did not. The virulence-enhancing effect of calcium chloride can be successfully applied in protection assays for immunized mice challenged with strain 5.

Animals↗