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PubMed2002

Acquisition of categorical color perception: a perceptual learning approach to the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Color perception can be categorical: Between-category discriminations are more accurate than equivalent within-category discriminations. The effects could be inherited, learned, or both. The authors provide evidence that supports the possibility of learned categorical perception (CP). Experiment 1 demonstrated that observers' color discrimination is flexible and improves through repeated practice. Experiment 2 demonstrated that category learning simulates effects of "natural" color categories on color discrimination. Experiment 3 investigated the time course of acquired CP. Experiment 4 found that CP effects are acquired through hue- and lightness-based category learning and obtained interesting data on the dimensional perception of color. The data are consistent with the possibility that language may shape color perception and suggest a plausible mechanism for the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Pigment method to train color vision in the rehabilitation of railway workers with congenital disorders of color perception].

The authors elaborated an effective method to master color vision through pigment tables. The method enables subnormal trichromats to normalize or improve colors perception and relieve existing disorders. The training course for deuteranomalopia "C" patients should comprise 8-10 procedures, that for deuteranomalopia "B" and protanopia "C" patients-11-13 procedures, that for protanopia B" patients--under 20 procedures. The effects remain at least 1 year after the course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Experience in early infancy is indispensable for color perception.

Early visual experience is indispensable to shape the maturation of cortical circuits during development. Monocular deprivation in infancy, for instance, leads to an irreversible reduction of visually driven activity in the visual cortex through the deprived eye and a loss of binocular depth perception. It was tested whether or not early experience is also necessary for color perception. Infant monkeys were reared for nearly a year in a separate room where the illumination came from only monochromatic lights. After extensive training, they were able to perform color matching. But, their judgment of color similarity was quite different from that of normal animals. Furthermore, they had severe deficits in color constancy; their color vision was very much wavelength dominated, so they could not compensate for the changes in wavelength composition. These results indicate that early visual experience is also indispensable for normal color perception.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Color perception and deafness: college-level comparisons.

The performance of three groups of college-level subjects, deaf students, normal-hearing students, and Art students, were compared on nine tests involving color perception and color-verbal materials including (a) Color-Form Sorting, (b) Color-Form Pointing, (c) Color-Word Meaning, (d) Color-Pair Preferences (N=3), and (e) Color-Word Interference (N=3). Color perception differences between the deaf and the hearing groups were not substantiated: deaf and hearing groups differed only on tests involving verbal materials. The Deaf differed more from the Art students than from the Hearing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Color perception with AcrySof natural and AcrySof single-piece intraocular lenses under photopic and mesopic conditions.

PURPOSE: To examine color perception in patients receiving bilateral implantation of an ultraviolet (UV) and blue-light filtering intraocular lens (IOL) (AcrySof Natural SN60AT, Alcon Laboratories Inc.) or a UV-only filtering IOL (AcrySof SA60AT) and to compare the results with those in a phakic group. SETTING: Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. METHODS: In this prospective study, age-matched subjects who passed the Ishihara test and had visual acuities of 20/25 or better were recruited. There were 2 pseudophakic groups (bilateral SN60AT or SA60AT IOLs) and 1 phakic group. The Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-hue test was administered to each subject twice under different conditions. The phakic and AcrySof Natural SN60AT groups were tested under photopic and mesopic conditions. The SA60AT subjects were further divided into subgroups (with and without yellow clip-on lenses) and tested under photopic and mesopic conditions. RESULTS: A 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the square-root-transformed total error score showed no statistical differences (P = .637) between the treatment groups. Similarly, a 1-way ANOVA of the red-green error score (P = .729) and blue-yellow error score (P = .484) indicated no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. The ANOVA results of the FM 100-hue test under mesopic conditions showed that the total error score in the AcrySof Natural IOL group was significantly lower (P = .046) than in the phakic group. There were no between-group differences in error scores under mesopic conditions. CONCLUSION: The FM 100-hue testing showed no difference in color perception between subjects with AcrySof Natural IOLs and those in an age-matched phakic control group or in those with a UV-only filtering AcrySof IOL with or without yellow clip-on lenses.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1984

Effects of using an orange filter on the color perception of dichromats.

An orange filter (Kodak Wratten 23A) was placed over the nondominant eye of dichromats and evaluated for effectiveness in improving their color perception. A Macbeth color chart, rather than a standard Ishihara test, was used to test color identification. The filter did not improve color identification, but may, under specific color luminance conditions, improve color discrimination, resulting in an improvement in the detection of figure from ground.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Color perception profiles in central achromatopsia.

Central achromatopsia is an impairment of color perception caused by damage to the visual association cortex. Its psychophysical underpinnings remain poorly defined. We report our attempt to characterize the defect along critical dimensions of color space, taking advantage of the same standardized tasks that allow detailed profiles in patients with retinal cone defects. We studied two patients. The results in patient 1 showed that perceptual color space was collapsed along the red-green (R-G) and short-wavelength-sensitive cone (S-cone) dimensions but that discriminations along achromatic dimensions were relatively preserved. Additional observations showed that the defect was dependent on target size, and that processing of surface and light source effects that differ from color (eg, transparency) was intact. Patient 2 showed a less severe color processing defect involving signals arising from the S-cones of the retina, although an R-G defect was also present. The profiles in these two patients demonstrate that central achromatopsia encompasses a range of color processing impairments with varied psychophysical characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The perceptive color space in the carp (Carpio cyprinus L.)].

Discrimination of colours was studied using choice conditioning paradigm (one of a pair of colour stimuli) in carps. Matrix of probabilities of instrumental reactions (catching a bead) was constructed by the results of eight experimental sessions with successive reinforcement of one of the eight colours. It was processed by factor analysis. The spherical structure of carp's perceptual colour space revealed by factor analysis was similar to that of monkeys and humans. Four eigenvectors which constituted four-dimensional Euclidean hypersphere corresponded to excitation of four colour-encoding neuronal channels, i.e., red-green, blue-yellow, bright and dark.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Corresponding-pair procedure: a new approach to simulation of dichromatic color perception.

The dichromatic color appearance of a chromatic stimulus T can be described if a stimulus S is found that verifies that a normal observer experiences the same sensation viewing S as a dichromat viewing T. If dichromatic and normal versions of the same color vision model are available, S can be computed by applying the inverse of the normal model to the descriptors of T obtained with the dichromatic model. We give analytical form to this algorithm, which we call the corresponding-pair procedure. The analytical form highlights the requisites that a color vision model must verify for this procedure to be used. To show the capabilities of the method, we apply the algorithm to different color vision models that verify such requisites. This algorithm avoids the need to introduce empirical information alien to the color model used, as was the case with previous methods. The relative simplicity of the procedure and its generality makes the prediction of dichromatic color appearance an additional test of the validity of color vision models.

Journal Article↗