Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CLV3”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

SHEPHERD is the Arabidopsis GRP94 responsible for the formation of functional CLAVATA proteins.

The Arabidopsis shepherd (shd) mutant shows expanded shoot apical meristems (SAM) and floral meristems (FM), disorganized root apical meristems, and defects in pollen tube elongation. We have discovered that SHD encodes an ortholog of GRP94, an ER-resident HSP90-like protein. Since the shd phenotypes in SAM and FM are similar to those of the clavata (clv) mutants, we have explored the possibility that CLV complex members could be SHD targets. The SAM and FM morphology of shd clv double mutants are indistinguishable from those of clv single mutants, and the wuschel (wus) mutation is completely epistatic to the shd mutation, indicating that SHD and CLV act in the same genetic pathway to suppress WUS function. Moreover, the effects of CLV3 overexpression that result in the elimination of SAM activity were abolished in the shd mutant, indicating that CLV function is dependent on SHD function. Therefore, we conclude that the SHD protein is required for the correct folding and/or complex formation of CLV proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

A genetic screen for modifiers of UFO meristem activity identifies three novel FUSED FLORAL ORGANS genes required for early flower development in Arabidopsis.

In a screen to identify novel genes required for early Arabidopsis flower development, we isolated four independent mutations that enhance the Ufo phenotype toward the production of filamentous structures in place of flowers. The mutants fall into three complementation groups, which we have termed FUSED FLORAL ORGANS (FFO) loci. ffo mutants have specific defects in floral organ separation and/or positioning; thus, the FFO genes identify components of a boundary formation mechanism(s) acting between developing floral organ primordia. FFO1 and FFO3 have specific functions in cauline leaf/stem separation and in first- and third-whorl floral organ separation, with FFO3 likely acting to establish and FFO1 to maintain floral organ boundaries. FFO2 acts at early floral stages to regulate floral organ number and positioning and to control organ separation within and between whorls. Plants doubly mutant for two ffo alleles display additive phenotypes, indicating that the FFO genes may act in separate pathways. Plants doubly mutant for an ffo gene and for ufo, lfy, or clv3 reveal that the FFO genes play roles related to those of UFO and LFY in floral meristem initiation and that FFO2 and FFO3 may act to control cell proliferation late in inflorescence development.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

Correlative controls of senescence and plant death in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae).

Like most monocarpic plants, longevity of Arabidopsis thaliana plants is controlled by the reproductive structures; however, they appear to work differently from most dicots studied. Neither male- and female-sterility mutations (ms1-1 and bell1, respectively) nor surgical removal of the stems with inflorescences (bolts) at various stages significantly increased the longevity of individual rosette leaves, yet the mutants and treated plants lived 20-50 d longer, measured by the death of the last rosette and/or the last cauline leaf. A series of growth mutations (clv2-4, clv3-2, det3, vam1 enh, and dark green) also increased plant longevity by 20-30 d but did not delay the overall development of the plants. The mutations prolonged plant life through the production of new leaves and stems with inflorescences (bolts) rather than by extending leaf longevity. In growing stems, the newly-formed leaves may induce senescence in the older leaves; however, removal of the younger leaves did not significantly increase the life of the older leaves on the compressed stems of Arabidopsis. Since plants that produce more bolts also live longer, the reproductive load (dry weight) of the bolts did not seem to drive leaf or whole plant senescence here. The developing reproductive structures caused the death of the plant by preventing regeneration of leaves and bolts, which are green and presumably photosynthetic. They also exerted a correlative control (repression) on the development of additional reproductive structures.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Esr proteins are secreted by the cells of the embryo surrounding region.

Three highly homologous Esr genes are expressed specifically in the embryo surrounding region at the micropylar end of the maize endosperm. The proteins belong to a family of small hydrophilic proteins that share a conserved motive with Clv3, the ligand of the receptor-like kinase Clv1. In this study, co-localization of Esr proteins with their mRNAs in the embryo surrounding region was shown with polyclonal antibodies recognizing all three Esr proteins. On a subcellular level the secretion of Esr proteins and their association with the cell wall was shown independently by cell fractionation, immunohistochemistry and transient expression of Gfp fusion proteins. Furthermore, a possible interaction of Esr proteins with a 35 kDa protein present in the lower half of maize kernels was suggested by in vitro affinity chromatography. Therefore Esr proteins share two characteristics with ligands of receptor-like kinases: they are released in the extracellular space and they have the capacity to form protein-protein interactions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

CLAVATA1 dominant-negative alleles reveal functional overlap between multiple receptor kinases that regulate meristem and organ development.

The CLAVATA1 (CLV1) receptor kinase controls stem cell number and differentiation at the Arabidopsis shoot and flower meristems. Other components of the CLV1 signaling pathway include the secreted putative ligand CLV3 and the receptor-like protein CLV2. We report evidence indicating that all intermediate and strong clv1 alleles are dominant negative and likely interfere with the activity of unknown receptor kinase(s) that have functional overlap with CLV1. clv1 dominant-negative alleles show major differences from dominant-negative alleles characterized to date in animal receptor kinase signaling systems, including the lack of a dominant-negative effect of kinase domain truncation and the ability of missense mutations in the extracellular domain to act in a dominant-negative manner. We analyzed chimeric receptor kinases by fusing CLV1 and BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) coding sequences and expressing these in clv1 null backgrounds. Constructs containing the CLV1 extracellular domain and the BRI1 kinase domain were strongly dominant negative in the regulation of meristem development. Furthermore, we show that CLV1 expressed within the pedicel can partially replace the function of the ERECTA receptor kinase. We propose the presence of multiple receptors that regulate meristem development in a functionally related manner whose interactions are driven by the extracellular domains and whose activation requires the kinase domain.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

FON1, an Arabidopsis gene that terminates floral meristem activity and controls flower organ number.

A novel gene that regulates floral meristem activity and controls floral organ number was identified in Arabidopsis and is designated FON1 (for FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER1). The fon1 mutants exhibit normal vegetative development and produce normal inflorescence meristems and immature flowers before stage 6. fon1 flowers become visibly different from wild-type flowers at stage 6, when the third-whorl stamen primordia have formed. The fon1 floral meristem functions longer than does that of the wild type: after the outer three-whorl organ primordia have initiated, the remaining central floral meristem continues to produce additional stamen primordia interior to the third whorl. Prolonged fon1 floral meristem activity also results in an increased number of carpels. The clavata (clv) mutations are known to affect floral meristem activity. We have analyzed the clv1 fon1, clv2 fon1, and clv3 fon1 double mutants. These double mutants all have similar phenotypes, with more stamens and carpels than either fon1 or clv single mutants. This indicates that FON1 and CLV genes function in different pathways to control the number of third- and fourth-whorl floral organs. In addition, to test for possible interactions between FON1 and other floral regulatory genes, we have constructed and analyzed the relevant double mutants. Our results suggest that FON1 does not interact with TERMINAL FLOWER1, APETALA1, APETALA2, or UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGAN. In contrast, normal LEAFY function is required for the expression of fon1 phenotypes. In addition, FON1 and AGAMOUS both seem to affect the domain of APETALA3 function, which also affects the formation of stamen-carpel chimera due to fon1 mutations. Finally, genetic analysis suggests that FON1 interacts with SUPERMAN, which also regulates floral meristem activity.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2006

Developmental characterization of the fasciated locus and mapping of Arabidopsis candidate genes involved in the control of floral meristem size and carpel number in tomato.

Mutation at the fasciated locus was a key step in the production of extreme fruit size during tomato domestication. To shed light on the nature of these changes, near-isogenic lines were used for a comparative developmental study of fasciated and wild-type tomato plants. The fasciated gene directly affects floral meristem size and is expressed before the earliest stages of flower organogenesis. As a result, mature fruit of fasciated mutants have more carpels (locules) and greater fruit diameter and mass. The discovery that fasciated affects floral meristem size led to a search for candidate genes from Arabidopsis known to be involved in floral meristem development. Putative homologs were identified in a large tomato EST database, verified through phylogenetic analyses, and mapped in tomato; none mapped to the fasciated locus; however, putative homologs of WUS and WIG mapped to the locule number locus on chromosome 2, the second major transition to large tomato fruit, with WUS showing the highest association. In other cases, minor QTLs for floral organ number (lcn2.2) and (stn11.2) co-localized with a CLV1 paralog and with the syntenic region containing the CLV3 gene in Arabidopsis, respectively.

Alleles↗
PubMed2025

Efficient and versatile rapeseed transformation for new breeding technologies.

Many gene functions are widely studied and understood in Arabidopsis; however, the lack of efficient transformation systems often limits the application and verification of this knowledge in crop plants. Brassica napus L., a member of the Brassicaceae family, is usually transformed by Agrobacterium-mediated hypocotyl transformation, but not all growth types are equally amenable to transformation. In particular, winter rapeseed, which requires vernalization to initiate flowering, is recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration and transformation. The analysis of gene functions in rapeseed is further complicated by the allotetraploid nature of its genome and the genome triplication within the Brassica genus, which has led to the presence of a large number of gene homologs for each Arabidopsis ortholog. We have established a transformation method that facilitates the regeneration of winter rapeseed by using the WUSCHEL gene from Beta vulgaris. This allowed us to efficiently transform a winter and spring rapeseed genotype in small-scale experiments. As proof of principle, we targeted BnCLV3 and BnSPL9/15 with CRISPR/Cas9 and showed that entire gene families are effectively edited using this transformation protocol. This allowed us to simultaneously study many redundantly acting homologous genes in rapeseed. We observed mutant phenotypes for BnCLV3 and BnSPL9/15 in primary transformants, indicating that biallelic knockouts were obtained for up to eight genes. This allowed an initial phenotypic characterization to be performed already a few months after starting the experiment.

Brassica napus↗