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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparison of the treatment results in the vulvar and clitoris squamous cell carcinoma.

Treatment results in 360 patients with vulvar carcinoma during the time period from 1975 to 1994 were evaluated. Out of the whole group radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed in 215 patients. After excluding 35 patients having the Stage IV of the disease, 11 with malignant melanoma and 9 missing, in the group of remaining 160 cases with squamous cell carcinoma the survival rates of 3, 5 and 10 years were evaluated. Squamous cell carcinoma involvement of the clitoris in 40 patients out of this 160 cases has not confirmed clitoris localization as a poor prognostic factor.

Clitoris↗
PubMed2003

Neuroma of the clitoris after female genital cutting.

BACKGROUND: Nerve tumors of the clitoris and particularly neuromas are extremely rare. CASE: A 27-year-old infibulated African woman suffering from chronic vulvar pain increasing with sexual intercourse presented for gynecologic care. Examination revealed a painful clitoral tumor. The tumor was surgically excised. The diagnosis of amputation neuroma of the clitoris was made by microscopic examination. CONCLUSION: This is the first well-documented case of clitoral amputation neuroma occurring after female genital cutting. Considering the high number of genital cuttings practiced, these tumors are probably under-reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Angiokeratoma of the clitoris.

A 25-year-old woman, multigravida, presented with a dark ulcerated tumor of the clitoris. Histologic examination demonstrated an angiokeratoma, a benign telangiectatic vascular tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first report of angiokeratoma of the clitoris and only the fifth describing vascular tumor of this organ. The clinical differential diagnosis of angiokeratoma and of clitoral tumors includes malignant neoplasms such as melanoma. Biopsy with histologic examination is, therefore, recommended to ensure appropriate treatment of these unusual tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Reconstructive plastic surgery of the clitoris after sexual mutilation].

This article describes a clitoris reconstruction technique after ritual excision. After resection of the scar, the angle and the body of the clitoris are then released by preserving the innervation. A clitoral glans is reconstituted by wedge plasty, then reimplanted in an anatomical position. This technique is designed to restore normal anatomy and obtain a normally innervated and whenever possible functional organ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Identification of anatomic features of the equine clitoris as potential growth sites for Taylorella equigenitalis.

A median clitoral sinus, as a space canalized from epithelial cells, was distinguishable developmentally in equine fetuses from 33-mm crown-rump length (CRL) to 500-mm CRL (including a mule of 21-mm CRL). In saggital sections of the clitoris of a 480-mm CRL fetus, indentations under the transverse frenular fold were identified as lateral sinuses of the clitoris. Unlike the median sinus, they were shallow; it therefore could not be anatomically substantiated that the lateral sinuses were of sufficient depth to support the growth of the partial anaerobe Taylorella equigenitalis, the organism of contagious equine metritis. This study indicated excision of the lateral clitoral sinuses was unnecessary for treatment of contagious equine metritis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Construction of a neovagina with preservation of the glans penis as a clitoris in male transsexuals.

In 20 male-to-female transsexual patients, a neovagina has been constructed using a combination of penile and scrotal flaps. By dissecting the dorsal vessels and nerves of the penis from the base to the tip, the blood supply and sensation to the glans have been preserved. After resection of the corpora cavernosa, the glans has been left as an innervated island flap and repositioned as a clitoris. There were few complications. Circulatory problems in the flaps resulted in short vaginas in three patients. Stricture of the urethral meatus and excessive length of the urethra were easily corrected with another operation in three patients. Nineteen of the patients expressed an excellent sexual sensation of the clitoris, and all 20 were very satisfied with both the cosmetic and functional results.

Clitoris↗
PubMed1977

Pelvic lymphadenectomy in women with carcinoma of the clitoris.

Thirty-three women with carcinoma of the clitoris underwent surgical therapy, and 12% subsequently developed pelvic recurrence. However, none of the 18 patients without initial evidence of inguinal node metastases developed a pelvic recurrence. Of the 15 women with initial evidence of inguinal node metastases, 26.6% developed pelvic recurrence. It is, therefore, concluded that the addition of the routine use of pelvic lymphadenectomy to radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy in women with carcinoma of the clitoris is not warranted and that only those patients with histologically proven inguinal node metastases should undergo pelvic lymphadenectomy. If pelvic node metastases are documented, it is suggested that such patients receive postoperative pelvic irradiation.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical study of the corpora cavernosa of the human clitoris.

The microarchitecture of the corpora cavernosa of the human clitoris was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The distribution pattern of the nerve network was demonstrated by S-100 and neuron specific enolase immunoreactivity. Vascular and nonvascular muscle cells were identified by desmin and/or vimentin expression, and fibroblasts and endothelial cells by vimentin immunoreactivity. The findings show that tissue organisation in the corpora cavernosa of the clitoris is essentially similar to that of the penis except for the absence of the subalbugineal layer interposed between the tunica albuginea and erectile tissue. This has functional implications, suggesting that the clitoral erection cycle differs from that of the penis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Anatomical study of the obturator foramen and dorsal nerve of the clitoris and their relationship to minimally invasive slings.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to clarify potential risks to the dorsal nerve of the clitoris (DNC) and obturator canal using different minimally invasive slings. STUDY DESIGN: Ten embalmed hemipelves were dissected to demonstrate the course of the DNC and the obturator canal. On each cadaver, tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), transobturator in-out (TVT-O) and transobturator out-in (Monarc) procedures were performed. Distances between the DNC and the obturator canal to the different devices were measured. RESULTS: The DNC passes beneath the pubic bone at a distance of 14.3 +/- 4.7 mm of the midline. The distances of the different devices to the DNC were similar. The distance to the obturator canal was significantly different, with TVT being the furthest (40.1 +/- 3.7 mm) and TVT-O the closest (19.3 +/- 3.1 mm; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Given the course of the DNC along the medial aspect of the ischiopubic ramus, the out-in technique may be safer. The in-out technique is the closest to the obturator canal.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1984

Granular cell tumor of the clitoris in pregnancy.

Granular cell tumors of the female genital organs represent 7-15% of all granular cell tumors reported in the literature. The majority of these genital lesions are located on the vulva. Granular cell tumor involving the clitoris is extremely rare and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of clitoral masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the clitoris.

Thirty-eight consecutive patients were treated with either vulvectomy (14) or in combination with groin dissection (24) according to the same treatment protocol. The crude 5-year survival was 50% and the corrected 5-year survival was 66%. Three patients died postoperatively. Endophytic tumor, poor degree of differentiation, and involvement of lymph nodes resulted in higher mortalities. No patient with involvement of deep inguinal or pelvic nodes could be cured. The study concludes that invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the clitoris should be treated, in the same was as the same tumor in other areas of the vulva, with radical surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

[Clitoris and G spot: an intimate affair].

Ultrasonography is a good means for studying the clitoris and its relationship with the G spot. We used it to demonstrate that clitoral bodies have a descending movement and come close to the distal anterior vaginal wall during a voluntary or reflex contraction of levator ani muscles. This fact could explain the particular sensitivity of the G spot and its role in the orgasm.

Clitoris↗
PubMed1998

Anatomical relationship between urethra and clitoris.

PURPOSE: We investigated the anatomical relationship between the urethra and the surrounding erectile tissue, and reviewed the appropriateness of the current nomenclature used to describe this anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A detailed dissection was performed on 2 fresh and 8 fixed human female adult cadavers (age range 22 to 88 years). The relationship of the urethra to the surrounding erectile tissue was ascertained in each specimen, and the erectile tissue arrangement was determined and compared to standard anatomical descriptions. Nerves supplying the erectile tissue were carefully preserved and their relationship to the soft tissues and bony pelvis was noted. RESULTS: The female urethra, distal vaginal wall and erectile tissue are packed into the perineum caudal (superficial) to the pubic arch, which is bounded laterally by the ischiopubic rami, and superficially by the labia minora and majora. This complex is not flat against the rami as is commonly depicted but projects from the bony landmarks for 3 to 6 cm. The perineal urethra is embedded in the anterior vaginal wall and is surrounded by erectile tissue in all directions except posteriorly where it relates to the vaginal wall. The bulbs of the vestibule are inappropriately named as they directly relate to the other clitoral components and the urethra. Their association with the vestibule is inconsistent and, thus, we recommend that these structures be renamed the bulbs of the clitoris. CONCLUSIONS: A series of detailed dissections suggest that current anatomical descriptions of female human urethral and genital anatomy are inaccurate.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Subtotal de-epithelialization and partial concealment of the glans clitoris: a modification to improve the cosmetic results of feminizing genitoplasty.

An unsatisfactory appearance of the external genitalia after otherwise successful genitoplasty may result from failure to reduce the size of a hypertrophied glans clitoris and change its appearance from a large bulbous structure to a small conical cap. A more pleasing cosmetic result can be achieved by modifying a technique for glansplasty originally described by Lattimer: subtotal glans de-epithelialization and partial glans concealment. Six patients with virilized external genitalia (3 with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 2 with gonadal dysgenesis and 1 true hermaphrodite) underwent feminizing genitoplasty using this modified technique at ages 3 to 13 months. All patients have achieved pleasing cosmetic results that are vastly superior to our experience with other methods for clitoral reduction.

Clitoris↗
PubMed1986

Vaginal and phallic urethra with prominent clitoris in female pseudohermaphroditism.

Idiopathic female pseudohermaphroditism associated with a vaginal urethra, prominent clitoris and an accessory phallic urethra is a rare syndrome, with no apparent cause to account for the masculinization of the genitalia and exhibit of similar characteristic features. We report such a case and review the pertinent literature.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the clitoris: a case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings.

A 30-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a small nodule of the clitoris. This was subsequently diagnosed as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. This rare vascular tumor of intermediate malignancy has not been previously described in the vulva. The patient underwent a modified radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection, and subsequently received photon therapy. She is alive with no evidence of disease 27 months after diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Congenital hemangiopericytoma of the clitoris.

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumor that is believed to arise from the pericyte of Zimmermann. Approximately 10% of cases occur in children and a third are congenital. To our knowledge we report the first case of a congenital hemangiopericytoma arising from the clitoris, describe its management and review the literature.

Clitoris↗