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PubMed1997

Attitudes of patients to elective surgical admissions over Christmas and Easter.

It is often accepted by hospital staff that patients would prefer to be at home for the Christmas and Easter holiday periods. This is one of the reasons that elective surgery is reduced at these times. However there is very little evidence to prove whether this is true. To investigate this question 310 patients attending surgical or urological outpatients were given a self completion questionnaire asking them whether they would accept admission over these holidays if offered it. Overall 77 per cent of males and 76 per cent of females would accept admission over the Christmas period for elective surgery. This rises to 87 per cent and 88 per cent over the Easter period. Older patients, widows or widowers, retired patients and patients with subjectively severe symptoms and conditions were groups that independently accepted such admissions more readily than others. Contrary to the perceived opinion in hospital staff, in this sample of surgical and urological patients most patients appear willing to accept admission for elective surgery over the Christmas or Easter holiday periods.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Gastrectomy in siblings with Christmas disease (hemophilia B).

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage is regarded as one of the commonest clinical manifestations of classic hemophilia and Christmas disease. Although major surgery is usually avoided in such cases, recently we had 2 cases of Christmas disease in siblings who had undergone a successful gastrectomy and concomitant administration of a concentrated preparation of factor IX. In addition, findings in 7 other Japanese patients with hemophilia who underwent gastrectomy are discussed.

Blood Transfusion↗

PubMed2004

Transfer of hexazinone and glyphosate through undisturbed soil columns in soils under Christmas tree cultivation.

Field studies monitoring pesticide pollution in the Morvan region (France) have revealed surface water contamination by some herbicides. The purpose of this study was to investigate in greater detail the transport of two herbicides, used in Christmas tree production in the Morvan, under controlled laboratory conditions. Thus, the leaching of hexazinone (3-cyclohexyl-6-dimethyl-amino-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4 (1H,3H) dione) and glyphosate (N-(phosphono-methyl-glycine)) through structured soil columns was studied using one loamy sand and two sandy loams from sites currently under Christmas tree cultivation in the Morvan. The three soils were cultivated sandy brunisol [Sound reference base for soils, D. Baize, M.C. Girard (Coord.), INRA, Versailles, 1998, 322 p] or, according to the FAO [FAO, World reference base for soil resources, ISSS-ISRIC-FAO, FAO, Rome, Italy, 1998], the La Garenne was an arenosol and the two other soils were cambisols. The clay contents of the soils ranged from 86 to 156 g kg(-1) and the organic carbon ranged from 98 to 347 g kg(-1). After 160 mm of simulated rainfall applied over 12 days, 2-11% of the applied hexazinone was recovered in the leachate. The recovery was much higher than that of glyphosate, which was less than 0.01%. The greater mobility of hexazinone might be related to its much lower adsorption coefficient, K(oc), 19-300 l kg(-1), compared with 8.5-10231 l kg(-1) for glyphosate (literature values). Another factor that may explain the higher amounts of hexazinone recovered in the leachates of the three soil columns is its greater persistence (19.7-91 days) relative to that of glyphosate (7.9-14.4 days). The mobility of both herbicides was greater in the soils with higher gravel contents, coarser textures, and lower organic carbon contents. Moreover, glyphosate migration seems negatively correlated not only to soil organic carbon, but also to aluminium and iron contents of soils. This soil column study suggests that at the watershed scale, surface water contamination by hexazinone could occur via the horizontal subsurface flow in upper centimeters of soil. In contrast, the surface water contamination with glyphosate by this mechanism appears unlikely.

Carbon↗

PubMed2002

Subperiosteal orbital hemorrhage as initial manifestation of Christmas disease (factor IX deficiency).

PURPOSE: To report a case of subperiosteal orbital and subgaleal hemorrhage with optic nerve compromise in a patient with a factor IX deficiency. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 5-year-old male presented 10 days after mild trauma with progressive left-sided scalp swelling, proptosis, and visual loss. RESULTS: The patient had marked proptosis of the left eye, 20/200 visual acuity, and an afferent pupillary defect. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large subgaleal and left subperiosteal orbital hematoma. Quantitative assays of coagulation proteins identified a factor IX deficiency (Christmas disease). CONCLUSION: Delayed-onset subgaleal and subperiosteal orbital hematoma can rarely be an initial manifestation of Christmas disease.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2001

Another White Christmas: fantasy proneness and reports of 'hallucinatory experiences' in undergraduate students.

In the current experiment, 44 undergraduate students were asked to listen to white noise and instructed to press a button when they believed hearing a recording of Bing Crosby's White Christmas without this record actually being presented. Fourteen participants (32%) pressed the button at least once. These participants had higher scores on fantasy proneness and the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS) compared to participants without hallucinatory reports. Both groups did not differ in terms of imagery vividness or sensitivity to social demands. Logistic regression suggested that fantasy proneness is a better predictor of hallucinatory reports than are LSHS scores. This might imply that hallucinatory reports obtained during the White Christmas test reflect a non-specific preference for odd items rather than schizophrenia-like, internal experiences.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Immediate allergic and nonallergic reactions to Christmas and Easter cacti.

BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to Christmas cacti has been reported as a cause of type I allergy. Therefore, the prevalence of immediate-type mucosal and skin reactions related to cactus exposure was studied in 103 employees in a cactus nursery. METHODS: The study was based on a questionnaire followed by clinical examination, skin prick tests (SPT) with standard inhalant allergens and cacti, and a histamine-release test (HRT/Refix) using fresh cactus extracts as elicitor. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 84 (82%) of the nursery employees, and 63 (61%) were interviewed and skin prick tested; 58 of these were tested with HRT/Refix. Furthermore, 22 healthy controls were included and tested in vivo and in vitro. Cactus-related contact urticaria and/or rhinoconjunctivitis were reported by 37% of the cactus workers. Based on a combination of positive history, positive SPT, and positive HRT/ Refix to cactus, 8% of the cactus workers were allergic to cacti. No noncactus workers or controls were allergic to cacti by these criteria. Testing with fresh cactus material elicited positive SPT and negative HRT/Refix in 27 nursery workers and controls, of whom 12 had immediate-type skin and mucosal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Christmas and Easter cacti seemed to be able to induce contact urticaria and rhinoconjunctivitis on both an immunologic and a nonimmunologic basis. Personal atopy was associated with positive reactions to cacti.

Allergens↗

PubMed2001

Single ribosomal transcription units are linear, compacted Christmas trees in plant nucleoli.

The rDNA transcription units are enormous macromolecular structures located in the nucleolus and containing 50-100 RNA polymerases together with the nascent pre-rRNA attached to the rDNA. It has not previously been possible to visualize nucleolar transcription units directly in intact nucleoli, although highly spread preparations in the electron microscope have been imaged as "Christmas trees" 2-3 microm long. Here we determine the relative conformation of individual transcription units in Pisum sativum plant nucleoli using a novel labelling technique. Nascent transcripts were detected by a highly sensitive silver-enhanced 1 nm gold procedure, followed by 3D electron microscopy of entire nucleoli. Individual transcription units are seen as conical, elongated clusters approximately 300 nm in length and 130 nm in width at the thickest end. We further show that there were approximately 300 active ribosomal genes in the nucleoli examined. The underlying chromatin structure of the transcribing rDNA was directly visualized by applying a novel limited extraction procedure to fixed specimens in order to wash out the proteins and RNA, thus specifically revealing DNA strands after uranyl acetate staining. Using this technique, followed by post-embedding in situ hybridization, we observed that the nucleolar rDNA fibres are not extended but show a coiled, thread-like appearance. Our results show for the first time that native rDNA transcription units are linear, compacted Christmas trees.

Cell Nucleolus↗

PubMed2002

Ribosomal genes in focus: new transcripts label the dense fibrillar components and form clusters indicative of "Christmas trees" in situ.

T he organization of transcriptionally active ribosomal genes in animal cell nucleoli is investigated in this study in order to address the long-standing controversy with regard to the intranucleolar localization of these genes. Detailed analyses of HeLa cell nucleoli include direct localization of ribosomal genes by in situ hybridization and their indirect localization via nascent ribosomal transcript mappings. On the light microscopy (LM) level, ribosomal genes map in 10-40 fluorescence foci per nucleus, and transcription activity is associated with most foci. We demonstrate that each nucleolar focus observed by LM corresponds, on the EM level, to an individual fibrillar center (FC) and surrounding dense fibrillar components (DFCs). The EM data identify the DFC as the nucleolar subcompartment in which rRNA synthesis takes place, consistent with detection of rDNA within the DFC. The highly sensitive method for mapping nascent transcripts in permeabilized cells on ultrastructural level provides intense and unambiguous clustered immunogold signal over the DFC, whereas very little to no label is detected over the FC. This signal is strongly indicative of nascent "Christmas trees" of rRNA associated with individual rDNA genes, sampled on the surface of thin sections. Stereological analysis of the clustered transcription signal further suggests that these Christmas trees may be contorted in space and exhibit a DNA compaction ratio on the order of 4-5.5.

Bromouracil↗

PubMed2005

Evaluation of biological and biorational control tactics for suppression of Nantucket pine tip moth damage in Virginia pine Christmas trees.

A study was performed to evaluate the potential of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma exiguum Pinto and Platner (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), the newly registered insect growth regulator (IGR) tebufenozide (Confirm), and a modified spray technique (top whorl only pesticide application) for suppression of Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), damage in Virginia pine, Pinus virginiana Mill., Christmas trees. Augmentative releases of T. exiguum failed to increase parasitism levels in release plots compared with controls, and significant reduction in tip moth damage did not occur. High predation levels on released T. exiguum may have contributed to the failure of parasitoid augmentations. Whole-tree and top whorl tebufenozide treatments provided significantly greater damage control than corresponding applications of acephate (Orthene), a commonly used pesticide in Christmas trees. Damage to trees receiving whole-tree chemical applications did not differ significantly from trees receiving top whorl treatments for most measurements of damage. Top whorl chemical treatments resulted in a 67% reduction in time required for application and a 70% reduction in pesticide used.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Phenology, natural enemies, and efficacy of horticultural oil for control of Chionaspis heterophyllae (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Christmas tree plantations.

Pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch), and Chionaspis heterophyllae Cooley are important pests of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., and other conifers in much of North America. On Christmas tree plantations, these insects are typically controlled by spraying broad-spectrum insecticides when the vulnerable immature stages are present. However, effective control of bivoltine populations can be difficult to achieve due to asynchronous hatch and development of the second generation. Our objectives were to 1) determine the phenology of the second generation of C. heterophyllae in Michigan; 2) characterize the natural enemy complex; and 3) assess the effectiveness of horticultural oil for control of C. heterophyllae on P. sylvestris Christmas tree plantations. We monitored scale populations in three counties in lower Michigan for 3 yr. Scale phenology was consistently associated with cumulative degree-days base 10 degrees C (DD(10 degrees C)). Second-generation egg hatch began at approximately 1230-1300 DD(10 degrees C), and continued for approximately 3 wk. The peak of the second instar coincided with 1500-1600 DD(10 degrees C). Common predators included the coccinellids Chilocorus stigma (Say) and Microweisia misella (LeConte). On average, 70% of the C. heterophyllae population in unsprayed fields was killed by predators in 1999. Two endoparasitic wasps, Encarsia bella Gahan and Marietta mexicana Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), also were recovered. In 2000 and 2001, we applied a highly refined horticultural spray oil with a backpack mist blower at 1500-1600 DD(10 degrees). Scale mortality on trees treated with oil ranged from 66 to 80% and was similar to control achieved using conventional insecticides in both years.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

A Christmas tree in the larynx.

A 2 year-old boy presented with acute upper airway obstruction following a 15-month history of noisy breathing and hoarseness. An urgent laryngotracheal bronchoscopy was performed following inhalational induction of anesthesia. Using a fiberoptic bronchoscope, visualization of the larynx through a laryngeal mask airway revealed a flat plastic Christmas tree embedded within granulomatous cords causing almost complete obstruction and requiring tracheostomy prior to extraction. Twelve days later, the tracheostomy was successfully decannulated with the child's voice beginning to normalize. The family remembered the decoration from Christmas celebrations 2 years prior and recalled a coughing episode that predated the onset of hoarseness.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The "Christmas Effect" and other biometeorologic influences on childbearing and the health of women.

OBJECTIVE: To review the body of literature addressing biometeorologic and chronobiologic effects on conception, pregnancy, parturition, and other health conditions. DATA SOURCES: Computerized searches of MEDLINE, PUBMED, CINAHL, and the World Wide Web. STUDY SELECTION: Studies, including international research, dating from 1938 to 2001. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted and information organized under the following categories: influence of leisure time and seasonality on the rate of conception and birth, the relationship of meteorologic changes and lunar cycles to childbearing, the "Christmas Effect" and its impact on other health outcomes, and nursing implications. DATA SYNTHESIS: Research from the disciplines of biometeorology and chronobiology indicates that there are patterns in the occurrence of conception, pregnancy, and onset of labor that vary in timing and amplitude in different populations and geographic regions. Consideration of these factors should be included in the analysis of birth data when planning and providing maternity care. The Christmas Effect is one of the most predominant seasonal patterns that can be seen in birth data throughout the world. CONCLUSIONS: Biometeorologic and other cyclic phenomena are underused in the United States in planning and providing maternity care. These phenomena warrant consideration when planning holistic health care.

Birth Rate↗

PubMed1963

Christmas factor: dosage compensation and the production of blood coagulation factor IX.

The amount of factor IX (Christmas factor) for different genotypic classes was determined by means of a variant of the thromboplastin generation test. The mean value for females heterozygous for the Christmas gene was about half the mean values for normal males and for normal homozygous females; means for the latter two groups were about equal. This dosage compensation is interpreted as evidence in support of Lyon's hypothesis, according to which one X chromosome is inactive in mammalian females.

Animals↗

PubMed1960

Polycythaemia vera and Christmas disease with slightly prolonged prothrombin time.

A family is reported in which Christmas disease in one member and polycythaemia in another were associated with prolongations of the one-stage prothrombin time of the factor-VII deficiency type. Changes in the prothrombin time were present in the siblings of the case of Christmas disease and in a number of unrelated cases of polycythaemia vera. The use of "mixing procedures" did not reveal any significant mutual correction of the changes in prothrombin time.

Hemophilia A↗

PubMed1967

Partial thromboplastin time test with kaolin: diagnosis of haemophilia and Christmas disease without natural reference plasmas.

Deficiencies of factor VIII (in haemophilia) and factor IX (in Christmas disease) prolong the partial thromboplastin time. If normal plasma is treated with alumina, the factor VIII remains but the factor IX is removed and can subsequently be recovered by elution of the alumina. If a long partial thromboplastin time is found on investigating a male patient whose history suggests a life-long bleeding disorder, the plasma may be retested after adding either alumina-adsorbed normal plasma or eluate. If the patient's partial thromboplastin time is shortened (relative to the control) by adding adsorbed normal plasma the patient is likely to be a haemophiliac; but if it is shortened by adding eluate then he is likely to have Christmas disease. Practical details for carrying out these manoeuvres are given and experiments on the validity of the test described.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗

PubMed1973

A trial of prophylactic replacement therapy in haemophilia and Christmas disease.

A trial of prophylactic replacement therapy in low dosage once a week is described in two patients with classical haemophilia and one patient with Christmas disease, using concentrates of factor VIII and factor IX respectively. The clinical effectiveness and complications of the therapy are assessed and discussed. It was concluded that the patient suffering from Christmas disease showed both objective and subjective improvement while on prophylaxis and merited further study. Neither of the patients with haemophilia showed objective evidence of improvement, but both stated that they felt fitter and more able to lead a normal life while on the trial.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

An international human becoming hermeneutic study of Tom Hegg's A cup of Christmas Tea.

This article seeks to contribute to human becoming theory and to nursing by providing an international human becoming hermeneutic study of Thomas Hegg's A Cup of Christmas Tea. The human becoming hermeneutic method was used in this study to discover emergent meanings about human experiences. Guided by the method, the authors discovered three emergent meanings: honoring the cherished; communing with the was, is, and will be; and triumphing with new vision. These meanings were synthesized by the authors. A Cup of Christmas Tea is the story of the way triumphing with new vision arises with honoring the cherished in communing with the was, is, and will be. The conclusion for families and nurses is that by remaining open to all possibilities that exist in each now, moments of serendipitous togetherness can transform human trepidation and negative views of later life.

Humans↗

PubMed1987

Britain's Christmas Crusade against drinking and driving.

Great Britain's 1983 "Christmas Crusade" against drunken drivers, during which the police of England and Wales administered an average of 1350 breath tests daily, is discussed. Although not deliberately planned and organized, the campaign, fueled by press reports, was perceived by many observes to be a national organized deterrent effort. To test the hypothesis that the crusade reduced drunken driving, the index of total automobile crash-related fatalities was used in the analysis. Results showed that the index declined significantly during the month of the crusade, providing support for the hypothesis of deterrent effect. The experience of the Christmas Crusade reinforces the expectation that deterrent interventions involving highly publicized campaigns increasing the certainty of punishment for illegal behavior can be successful over a limited period of time.

Accidents, Traffic↗