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PubMed2002

[Textual research on Shi Kan and Shi zai zhi fang (Shi Zaizhi's Prescriptions)].

Shi Kan, also known as Zaizhi, was born in Emei, Sichuan, and Zaizhi was more popularly known. He lived in the Northern Song dynasty, and was a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations. As a government official, he was promoted to the position of governor. When he cured the constipation of Cai Jing only with a single herb Aster root, people considered that he had excellent medical skill as famous doctor Xu Shuwei. He was one of the representatives who were doctors as well as government officials. His book Shi zai zhi fang (Shi Zaizhi's Prescriptions) was a typical formula work of the Song dynasty. In this book he emphasized the treatment principles on strengthening the vital and dispelling the evil. He also underlined the theory of yunqi (five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factors). He had many new ideas about the application of herbs and pulse - taking. According to the book, Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti (Zhizhai's Interpretation on Collected Books), Shi had a 2 - volume book titled Zhi nan fang (Guide Prescriptions). There were different views on whether Guide Prescriptions was the other name for Shi Zaizhi's Prescriptions. By studying the contents of citations from Shi's Guide Prescriptions quoted in Hong shi ji yan fang (Hong's Collections of Proved Recipes), Quan sheng zhi mi fang (A Guidebook of Recipes for Saving Lives), and by combining it with the textual research made by various scholars of the Qing dynasty, the author claims that Guide Prescriptions is another book rather than the other name of Shi Zaizhi's Prescriptions.

China↗
PubMed2004

The use of electronic books in midwifery education: the student perspective.

The objectives of this paper are: (i) to illustrate the use of e-books by health studies students at a college of higher education; (ii) to provide a demonstration of how e-books may be facilitated by library and information services staff working across the health and academic sectors; (iii) to comment upon the experiences of health studies students, in using e-books. A focus group of 10 student midwives was used to gain insight into how e-books may be used in an academic context for health professionals. The findings of the student midwives' focus group are reported and discussed. In this instance, the student midwives were encouraged to use e-books as part of a structured information skills programme. The paper concentrates on how the e-books were used within this context and addresses the potential benefits and disadvantages from a student perspective. The results provide evidence of a largely positive experience of using e-books as an electronic information resource. The focus group reveals many benefits and advantages in the facilitation and use of e-books, as well as addressing areas for development. It is concluded that e-books have a place in health library and information resources, but further development of e-books and e-book collections is required and subsequent investigation into their most effective use.

Books↗
PubMed1982

Moving the collections of an academic health sciences library.

Expansion of the physical facilities of the Health Sciences Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill necessitated relocating the entire journal and book collections within the library. This paper discusses the problems involved in planning such a move, the gathering and analysis of relevant data, the formulation of an overall plan based on the data analysis, and the actual move. The use of specially-written computer programs greatly aided in the move's planning and execution and also yielded quantitative data describing the characteristics of an academic health sciences collection.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2002

[Medical literature in the collections of 18th-19th century doctors and pharmacists in Cieszyn, on the basis of records kept at the Leopold Jan Szersznik Library in Cieszyn].

The L. J. Szersznik Library was founded in Cieszyn in 1802. It was formed out of the book collection of I. J. Szersznik, a citizen of Cieszyn who was principal of the Catholic grammar school in Cieszyn from 1786. Today the library has about 15,000 volumes, catalogued according to 27 thematic groups. The Medici section has about 380 medical works which once belonged to Szersznik and other citizens of Cieszyn - doctors, pharmacists, burgesses and noblemen. The article provides their names and the titles and descriptions of some of the medical works that form part of the collection, together with a brief outline of their history, the biographies of their authors, and general content of the publication. In this way it provides information on the medical knowledge of Cieszyn doctors on the threshold of the 18th and 19th centuries.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1993

Satanic agency and mesmerism reviewed--James Braid.

Satanic Agency and Mesmerism Reviewed, In A Letter To The Reverend H. Mc. Neile of Liverpool, is a 12-page book in which James Braid laid the foundation stone of medical hypnotism. The present copy of this book is said to be unique. No other copy of this book has been found in the United States or England. The book, which is in the Rare Book Collection at the Wichita State University Ablah Library, came from the library of Albert Moll. The age of mesmerism or animal magnetism was brought to a close by James Braid, and in this book, his first work on mesmerism. Braid used the word hypnotism to replace mesmerism. His first use of the word occurred in this work and not, as is generally believed, in his later work, Neurypnology.

England↗
PubMed2004

David Maurice's contributions to optical ophthalmic instrumentation: roots of the scanning slit clinical confocal microscope.

This paper explores the seminal contributions of David Maurice to the field of ophthalmic instrumentation. His development of the specular microscope, the scanning slit optical confocal microscope, and the corneal microfluorometer resulted in advances in our understanding of corneal morphology, physiology, and pathology. The development of the scanning slit, clinical confocal microscope is not a new paradigm or a paradigm shift, but a continuous series of interlinked technical advances from the early work of Vogt to Thaer's development of a clinical confocal microscope. For each instrument both the connection to the prior work of others and the unique advances are discussed and contrasted. This paper develops the connections and parallel developments in the instrument developments of Goldmann, Maurice, Svishchev, Baer, Koester, Masters, and Thaer. The evidence in support of the thesis consists of published papers, patents, personal communication, and study of Goldmann's book collection in Bern. A second theme is that knowledge of physics is a prerequisite for optical instrument development in ophthalmology. David Maurice had a university degree in physics and Hans Goldmann learned physics from his books. The contributions of David Maurice to optical instrumentation follow the major contributions of Goldmann and facilitated and stimulated other scientists who acknowledged their important intellectual debt to David Maurice.

Cornea↗
PubMed1987

Medical rare book provenance.

Provenance is defined as the record of a book's ownership history. Its value and uses are explored. A survey of provenance practices in medical school rare book libraries found that only 21% of the reporting libraries maintain this important file. Examples of the uses and value of a provenance file in a medical rare book collection are presented. Decisions necessary to institute and maintain such a file are outlined and discussed.

Documentation↗
PubMed1978

Fungi in libraries: an aerometric survey.

The possible role of fungi as allergic contaminants in book collections has been investigated in eleven University of Michigan Libraries. Air in the stacks of each of the eleven libraries was sampled on three occasions (2 or 4--10 minute samples on each occasion) with Andersen Volumetric viable particle samplers. Books were handled during sampling in half the samples each day. In addition on each sampling day a location in the same building away from book storage and an outdoor location were sampled. Library spore levels were generally low. Outdoor levels consistently exceeded indoor levels. Air conditioned (AC) libraries had lower spore levels and indoor/outdoor ratios than conventionally ventilated (CV) libraries. Handling books during sampling increased spore counts in all libraries, but strikingly in CV libraries. Fungus taxa recovered were similar to those encountered in domestic interiors and outside locations in our area. The overall low spore levels and lack of a distinctive library mycoflora suggest that other sources should be sought for library-based respiratory symptoms.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1998

Research on medical texts quoted by "a new book of pediatrics".

"A New Book of Pediatrics" (hereinafter referred to as "the Book") is a pediatric monumental work written in the Song Dynasty. The Book quoted 141 medical texts with 10096 items totally. Relying on the Book, many lost and important ancient pediatrical works, to a great extent, are preserved up to now. Also, the Book collects a large number of never-published prescriptions applied among the people or handed down on the family from generation to generation secretly. As the source of all quoted literatures are indicated, the original shapes of many literatures can thus be resumed by conclusion and collating. Therefore, the Book has important research significance to collating literatures as well as of great reference value to medical practice.

China↗
PubMed1983

Moral and humane: patients' libraries in early nineteenth-century American mental hospitals.

"Moral treatment" designates a period in American psychiatry in the first half of the nineteenth century when retreats and asylums, following the example of the York Retreat in England, began to offer humane care to the mentally ill. Patients had a close and personal relationship with the hospital superintendent or the resident physician; positive behavior was rewarded and patients were expected to exercise self-control. Moral treatment was marked by a well-ordered daily routine in which patients followed a therapeutic regimen of work and leisure activities. Reading was regarded as both therapeutic and recreational, and was highly recommended. For this reason, retreats and asylums maintained book collections and considered library services an important aspect of the patients' therapeutic program. This paper examines patients' library activities in eight early nineteenth-century mental hospitals where moral treatment was practiced.

Books↗
PubMed1971

Reclassification and documentation in talog cards and a computer stored record.

A project to recatalog and reclassify the book collection of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine Library utilizing the Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typwriter system for simultaneous catalog card production and computer stored data acquisition marks the beginning of eventual computerization of all library operations. A keyboard optical display system will be added by late 1970. Major input operations requiring the creation of "hard copy" will continue via the MTST system. Updating, editing and retrieval operations as well as input without hard copy production will be done through the "on-line" keyboard optical display system. Once the library's first data bank, the book catalog, has been established the computer may be consulted directly for library holdings from any optical display terminal throughout the medical center. Three basic information retrieval operations may be carried out through "on-line" optical display terminals. Output options include the reproduction of part or all of a given document, or the generation of statistical data, which are derived from two Acquisition Code lines. The creation of a central bibliographic record of Bowman Gray Faculty publications patterned after the cataloging program is presently under way. The cataloging and computer storage of serial holdings records will begin after completion of the reclassification project. All acquisitions added to the collection since October 1967 are computer-stored and fully retrievable. Reclassification of older titles will be completed in early 1971.

Book Classification↗
PubMed1973

Computer information project for monographs at the Medical Research Library of Brooklyn.

The article describes a resource library's computer-based project that provides cataloging and other bibliographic services and promotes greater use of the book collection. A few studies are cited to show the significance of monographic literature in medical libraries. The educational role of the Medical Research Library of Brooklyn is discussed, both with regard to the parent institution and to smaller medical libraries in the same geographic area. Types of aid given to smaller libraries are enumerated. Information is given on methods for providing machine-produced catalog cards, current awareness notes, and bibliographic lists. Actualities and potentialities of the computer project are discussed.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

A brief history of ophthalmic publications in America.

The recent establishment of a rare book collection as part of the American Academy of Ophthalmology Foundation Museum gives Academy members additional access to an important facet of our ophthalmic heritage. Many 17th and 18th century works, such as those of Cotton Mather and Philip Syng Physick, long remained in manuscript form. Published works on ophthalmology first appeared as chapters in surgical texts. Ophthalmology texts authored by Americans followed the important texts from England and the Continent, and the works of Frick (1823) and Littell (1837) deserve special mention. Other works, including the memoirs of Elisha North, the founder of the first American eye infirmary, and the transcript of the trial of George McClellan following failed cataract surgery, give vivid insights into our country's ophthalmic beginnings.

Books↗
PubMed1996

Global increases in allergic respiratory disease: the possible role of diesel exhaust particles.

OBJECTIVE: Reading this article will enable the readers to recognize and evaluate i e potential relationship between allergic respiratory disease and polyaromatic hydrocarbons as air pollutants from industrial and automotive fuel sources. In this article we review the long-term trends in the prevalence of allergic airway diseases (rhinitis and asthma). We then examine the epidemiologic and other research data relating to the role that hydrocarbon fuel emissions may have had on allergic respiratory disease. DESIGN: Published literature on the relationship between specific air pollutants and trends in allergic respiratory disease were reviewed. Reports of research on pollutant effects on allergic antibody (IgE) were also studied. In both cases, the Melvyl-Medline database since 1975 was used for literature searches. Older references were identified from the bibliographies of relevant articles and books and with the help of the rare books collection at UCLA's Louis M. Darling Biomedical library. RESULTS: Examination of the historical record indicates that allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma have significantly increased in prevalence over the past two centuries. Although the reasons for this increase are not fully elucidated, epidemiologic data suggest that certain pollutants such as those produced from the burning of fossil fuels may have played an important role in the prevalence changes. Also important are studies showing that diesel exhaust, a prototypical fossil fuel, is able to enhance in vitro and in vivo IgE production. CONCLUSION: Increased levels of the compounds resulting from fossil fuel combustion may be partly responsible for the increased prevalence of allergic respiratory disease. If the nature of these compounds and the mechanisms by which they exacerbate allergic disease can be identified, steps can be taken to reduce the production or the impact of these allergy producing compounds.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

A controlled vocabulary for nursing and allied health in Norway.

Nursing and allied health libraries at educational institutions in Norway have generally indexed their book collections with uncontrolled terms. With the reorganization of higher education in 1994, the majority of these libraries joined BIBSYS, which is a joint library system for higher education and research in Norway. This has led to chaos when searching the joint catalogue for literature on nursing and related fields. A term such as 'behaviour problems' may have up to five synonyms. In an attempt to improve the quality of searching the health literature, BIBSYS appointed a working group in the Spring of 1999 to find a suitable controlled vocabulary for this subject area, and to see how this vocabulary could be integrated into BIBSYS. The group presented its recommendations in October 1999. The report has been well received by the BIBSYS Board and by user groups. There are no Norwegian vocabularies that are suitable for use in nursing and allied health, therefore it will be necessary to translate and combine existing thesauri. The group has looked at the Nordic Multilingual Thesaurus on Health Promotion, the Swedish Spriline Thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) and CINAHL Subject Heading List. Other relevant thesauri are AMED/CATS Thesaurus, Bioethics Thesaurus (Bioethicsline) and the RCN thesaurus. The group recommends the development of a Norwegian thesaurus based on a translation of parts of MeSH and CINAHL Subject Heading List.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1997

Management of bibliographic information by Dutch researchers in general practice.

BACKGROUND: As a result of changes in information technology and the rapid growth of publications methods of searching the literature have changed. Systematic searching of the growing literature has become very important. It is not known whether researchers in general practice search systematically, and whether they have incorporated computerized sources in their research practice. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We aimed to assess the methods of literature research used by GPs. We interviewed eight GP researchers, two information specialists and a psychologist working in primary health care organizations. RESULTS: The GP researchers began their search in their private book collections, or asked colleagues for information. Later in the search process, they used computerized information sources. Medline on CD-ROM and the computer-based indexes of two Dutch journals were most widely used. The GPs found it difficult to locate the appropriate terms to describe their research questions. Knowledge of the methodology of literature research, and skills required to use the information sources efficiently were lacking. There was a need for instruction and training in the use of information sources. GPs need a telephone help desk where their questions can be answered adequately. CONCLUSIONS: GP researchers search the literature unsystematically. Although computerized databases were being used, knowledge and skills related to the use of these information sources must be improved.

Attitude to Computers↗