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Results for “Bone Nails”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Toe-to-hand transfers in reconstructive surgery of the hand. Experience with seventy-one cases.

Based on a homogeneous series of 71 toe-to-hand transfers performed between February 1975 and December 1982 the same surgeon, the authors have tried to define their present day indications. Technical modifications have been described for the second toe transfer : isolated dorsal approach of the toe with early-stage resection of the second metatarsal bone, utilisation of the plantar metatarsal artery of the second interosseous space, utilisation of the volar vessels for the anastomosis at the recipient site, dorsal subcutaneous tunnel for the venous anastomosis of the hand. Aside from the usual indications for thumb reconstruction (11 cases) and 26 cases of transfers for reconstruction in long finger injuries, the indications for partial transfers have become more and more frequent : pulpar (9 cases), pulp + bone + nail (10 cases), isolated nail (1 case), nail + bone (2 cases), first web space (1 case), double twisted toe (5 cases) and articular (6 cases) transfers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Congenital brachydactyly and nail hypoplasia: clue to bone-dependent nail formation.

Congenital hyponychia and anonychia are rare malformations which may form part of syndromes such as nail-patella syndrome, ectodermal dysplasias and brachydactylies, or may occur as an isolated finding. Congenital hyponychia and anonychia are frequently accompanied by underlying skeletal abnormalities. A 20-year-old woman showed congenital bilateral hypoplasia or aplasia of the second, third and fourth toenails with corresponding phalanx dysplasia or aplasia of the affected toes. Malformations of the hands or other congenital defects were absent. The findings in this patient do not exactly fit any known entities. Our clinical observation prompted us to review the literature on congenital hyponychia/anonychia and to summarize recent advances in understanding molecular events in nail development. In conclusion, the association of nail anomalies with aplasia and/or hypoplasia of corresponding middle and/or distal phalanges supports the hypothesis of bone-dependent nail formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[New developments in stabilization of dia- and metaphyseal fractures of long tubular bones].

Nail, plate and external fixator are since decades the most frequently and stabilizers for the surgical treatment of dia- and metaphyseal fractures. These elements are still present today. However, there were important changes in recent years. Together with better knowledge and understanding of fracture healing, fracture biology, implant metallurgy and mechanics and a more and more specified application of these techniques, this resulted in improved possibilities for the treatment of injured patients. Beside an overview about the current discussion of unreamed and reamed nail insertion new trends, techniques and nails are presented for the different long bones (retrograde nails, spiral blade, flex-nail humerus and a distal aiming device (DAD) for interlocking screws). In addition, new approach techniques for nailing (stab incision) and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for metaphyseal fractures of the proximal and distal femur and proximal tibia are described including the necessary techniques for control of axes and rotation.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1984

[Biomechanical studies of bone treated with intramedullary nailing, with special reference to possible axis deviations].

The effect of a misalignement of a nailed bone on the stress distribution in the cross section is shown theoretically. Also for pure axial loading of the bone a superposed bending due to the misalignement produces large tension stresses as well in the nail as in the bone, when the fracture is not healed. After healing the stresses in the nail and in the bone are reduced striking. The removing of the nail does not increase the stresses in the bone significantly.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

Prophylactic cefamandole in orthopaedic surgery.

Three hundred patients were included in a prospective randomized double-blind trial comparing the efficacy of cefamandole with that of a placebo for prophylaxis of sepsis in operations using Ender or Küntscher nails, bone plates, or other internal fixation devices. Patients with an open fracture, total joint replacement, or direct operation on the hip were not included in the study. Sixteen patients were excluded because the trial protocol was not followed exactly, so a total of 284 patients participated, 134 of whom were given cefamandole and 150, a placebo. The two groups were similar in terms of mean age, sex ratio, duration of preoperative hospital stay, underlying risk factors, and type of surgical procedure. A superficial wound infection developed in none of the 134 patients who were given cefamandole and in seven of those in the control group (p less than 0.05). Two deep-wound infections developed in the cefamandole-treated group and four, in the control group (p greater than 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and gram-negative bacilli were the most common infecting organisms. The rates of infection-related mortality and abscopal infection were similar in both groups. No adverse side effects of the drug were encountered.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1998

Congenital ectopic nail with bone deformity.

This report describes two cases of congenital ectopic nail with bone deformity. Histologically, the squamous epithelium of the nail matrix lacked a definite granular layer. Resected nail tissue was connected with the periosteum of the tip of the ungual phalanx, which suggested that the contact of the ectopic nail matrix with the periosteum could impede intramembranous ossification and deform the bone shape.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Nonunion of tibial shaft fractures treated with locked intramedullary nailing without bone grafting.

Twenty-five nonunions of tibial fractures were treated with Grosse-Kempf slotted, locked nails in 20 men and 5 women 6 to 54 months after fracture. No bone grafts were performed in connection with nailing. For better alignment, opening of the nonunion site, fibular osteotomy/resection, or both were used. In one patient reoperation with nailing and bone grafting was necessary after the first nail broke. There were three postoperative infections (12%), two with persistent drainage. All nonunions healed. In one patient an external rotatory malalignment was corrected by a later osteotomy. In no case was the function of the ankle or foot impaired by the index operation. Static locking was not unfavorable for healing. We conclude that bone grafting is rarely needed and function is restored early after locked nailing of tibial nonunions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Simulation of mechanical responses of fingertip to dynamic loading.

Extended exposure to mechanical vibration has been related to many vascular, sensorineural and musculoskeletal disorders of the hand-arm system, frequently termed 'hand-arm vibration syndrome' (HAVS). A two-dimensional, nonlinear finite element model of a fingertip is developed to study the stress and strain fields of the soft tissue under dynamic loading, that may be encountered while grasping and operating a hand-held power tool. The model incorporates the most essential anatomical elements of a fingertip, such as soft tissue, bone, and nail. The finger is assumed to be in contact with a steel plate, simulating the interaction between the fingertip and a vibrating machine tool or handle. The soft tissue is assumed to be nonlinearly visco-elastic, while the nail, bone, and steel plate are considered to be linearly elastic. In order to study the time-dependent deformation behavior of the fingertip, the numerical simulations were performed under ramp-like loading with different ramping periods and sinusoidal vibrations of the contacting plate at three different frequencies (1, 10, and 31.5 Hz). Owing to relatively large deformations of the soft tissue under specified static and dynamic loading, Lagrangian large deformation theory was applied in the present analysis. The effects of the loading rate and the frequency of the sinusoidal vibration on the time-dependent strain/stress distributions in the different depth within the soft tissue of the fingertip are investigated numerically. Our simulations suggest that the soft tissue of the fingertip experiences high local stress and strain under dynamic loading and the fingertip may separate from the vibrating contact surface due to the viscous deformation behaviour of the soft tissue. For a given deformation, the high frequency loading produces a higher stress in the tissues compared to that obtained at a low frequency loading. The present model may serve as a useful tool to study the mechanism of tissue degeneration under vibratory loading encountered during operation of hand-held power tools.

Computer Simulation↗