Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Body Water”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Use of NMR for measurement of total body water and estimation of body fat.

A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method is described for quantitatively measuring total body water (TBW) and for estimating the fat content of baboons. The hydrogen associated with water was measured as the amplitude of the free-induction decay voltage following a series of 90 degree radio frequency pulses at the Lamour frequency for hydrogen with a pulse length of 14 microseconds and a peak measuring time of 50 microseconds. TBW was calculated by multiplying the peak amplitude (volts) by the experimentally determined constant for a water standard (g water/V). This NMR method yielded TBW contents similar to those obtained in the same baboons by direct gravimetric procedures. In contrast, the widely used 3H2O-dilution method usually and variably overestimated body water. By providing an accurate measure of body water, this NMR procedure provides a rapid, noninvasive, reasonably accurate way of estimating body fat content.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Body composition in white adults by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, densitometry, and total body water.

Percent body fat (%BF) and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined in 151 adults from the Fels Longitudinal Study by total body scans with a Lunar DPX (DXA), by underwater weighing and residual lung volume with a two-compartment model using body density (Dens), and total body water (TBW) using deuterium dilution. For the DPX, the medium scan mode ensures precision up to 100 kg body wt and for a ratio of weight to stature < or = 0.7214. Because of these specifications, 15% (n = 23) of the original sample of 151 were excluded. Results for 78 women and 50 men are presented. %BFTBW was significantly (P < 0.05) less than %BFDens in women (mean difference 2.7 +/- 4.2%) and %BFDXA in men (mean difference 2.2 +/- 4.3%). No other significant intermethod differences were observed for %BF and FFM estimates. Pairwise regressions showed the lowest SEEs for %BFDens regressed vs %BFDXA (2.3% for men, 3.2% for women) and for FFMDens vs FFMDXA (2.2 kg for men, 1.9 kg for women). For each sex, reliability analyses and limits of agreement for body composition estimates showed less agreement between TBW and either Dens and DXA than between Dens and DXA.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1975

Mastalgia and total body water.

Total body water (TBW) was measured early and late in a menstrual cycle in 56 women, 39 of whom had breast pain. The remainder were asymphtomatic controls. Most women did not conform to the traditional view that there is a premenstrual increase in TBW. In some TBW decreased, while in others there was no change from the early cycle measurement. No TBW pattern correlated with any syndromes of breast pain or with any psychoneurotic profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Body composition at menarche. Estimation of total body weight, total body water, lean and fat body weight].

Our aim was to confirm in our environment what has been observed and described by other writers about the importance of achieving a "critical body weight'' and an adequate "fat percentage'' -on the basis of the calculation of total body water- for the initiation and development of pubertal events. This study included 92 girls, healthy, well nourished, belonging to upper middle class from a high school of The National University of Cordoba. The longitudinal method of control was used every 6 months and at the precise moment of menarche. Out of 20 antropometrical variables observed height, weight and height, TBW as percentage of body weight, lean body and fat weight, fat percentage and skin folds ppercentiles for each girl at menarche. A regression between fat percentage and skin folds was done. Percentiles 5 to 95 of fat percentage in relation to body water percentage were estimated. At menarche the average for the different variables are: Heigth 155.6 cm +/- 0.469; Weight 45.8 Kg +/- 0,5; TBW 25.216 lit. +/- 0.318; lean body weigth 35.02 Kg (S.D.2.98); fat weigth 10.86 Kg (S. D. 3.17). The addition of skin folds was correlated fat percentage, thus, an equation was obtained for the average calculation of such percentage %F= 12.16 + (0.313 x fold addition). The minium percentage for the onset of menstrual cycles is 17.3% and corresponds to percentile 10. However, there is a 5% of girls who start to menstruate with a 15.5% of fat and none of them is below that value. The reasons mentioned above suggest that is necessary to obtain a "critical body weigth'' as well as a "fat percentage'' minimum for the onset and maintenance of menstrual cycles, among our girls, similar o what has been obtained by doctor Frisch.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Physiological studies in the South American camelid llama (Lama guanicoe f. d. glama). I. Body water spaces and water turnover.

Body water (BW) and extracellular water (ECW), were determined with tritiated water (THO) and 82Br injected into the vein, to 8 mature animals of both sexes during the winter season. The biological half-time of THO (T1/2 THO) and the daily water turnover (WT) were measured and the intracellular water (ICW) calculated. The studies with THO were repeated in the same animals and in 2 lactating females in spring and summer. Two calves were also studied during spring. The values obtained in winter were: BW 659 +/- 12 ml/kg; T1/2 THO 9.2 +/- 1 day; WT per 24 h 50 +/- 3 ml/kg or 116 +/- 5 ml/kg 82 and 163 +/- 9 ml per 1 of BW82; ECW 215 +/- 8 ml/kg or 32.5 +/- 3% BW; ICW 447 +/- 12 ml/kg or 67.7 +/- 4% BW. The results of the spring's studies showed a significant increase in the values of WT. In summer a further increment of this parameters was observed when expressed as ml/kg body solids. This differences were remarkable in those in lactation. The proportion of water in the body was significantly higher during summer in all animals. BW in lactating animals during summer was 783 +/- 9 ml/kg and in the other animals 718 +/- 18; T1/2 THO values were 3.3 +/- .-06 and 4.5 +/- .4 day, respectively. WT was 396 +/- 9 ml/kg.82 or 484 +/- 8 ml/l BW82 in the lactating animals and 260 +/- 9 ml/kg 82 or 341 +/- 12 ml/l BW82 in the other animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Long term changes in total body water, total exchangable sodium and total body potassium before and after ileostomy.

In 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, total body water, total body potassium and total exchangable sodium were measured both before and 6 months after the establishment of a permanent iseostomy. All 10 patients underwent elective surgery for their inflammatory bowel disease but all were malnourished before surgery when their body composition was first measured. Six months later, when the body composition was again determined, all the patients were in good health and had normally functioning ileostomies. As a group they had gained 6-8 kg in body weight and 372 mEq total body potassium over the 6-month period. When the 'normal' total body water was calculated for each patient, a deficit of 12-4 per cent for the group was found before surgery and this was still present (11-1 per cent) 6 months later. The concentration of exchangable sodium in the body water fell from an abnormally high level before surgery to within the normal range 6 months later. These data show that defictis in total body water occurring preoperatively are not repaired in the months following the establishment of a well-functioning ileostomy, and that a reduction of total exchangeable sodium is present in patients with an ileostomy who are otherwise well. It is suggested that these findings should encourage the surgeon managing patients with intractable inflammatory bowel disease to strive for good nutrition and normal body composition before embarking on excisional surgery and the establishment of a permanent ileostomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1957

BODY WATER.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1981

Tritiated water for estimating total body water and water turnover rate in birds.

The use of tritiated water (TOH) to estimate total body water (TBW) and total water turnover rate was validated in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) and sand partridges (Ammoperdix heyi). For six chukar partridges weighing between 315 to 475 g, TOH equilibration with body fluids was less than 45 min after intramuscular or intravenous injections. Mean TOH space in eight chukar partridges was 99.8% of the mean TBW measured by desiccation with individuals ranging between 97.9 and 103.2%. TOH space best approximated TBW when TBW was calculated by using the mean body mass for a bird weighed at TOH injection and at TOH equilibration. Total water intake as estimated by TOH ranged between 90.7 and 113.3% of measured water intake in three sand and three chukar partridges, birds ranging in mass from 145 to 446 g. We conclude that the TOH method provides accurate estimations of TBW and water turnover rates in birds. For birds of up to 500-g body mass, we recommend 45 min for TOH equilibration with body fluids, and intramuscular injections of 0.05 muCi TOH/g body mass for TBW estimations and 0.1 muCi TOH/g body mass for water turnover estimations.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Total body electrolyte composition and distribution of body water in uremia.

Total body sodium and chloride were measured by neutron activation analysis, and total body potassium was measured by whole body counting in ten male patients with endstage renal disease requiring chronic maintenance hemodialysis. The extracellular fluid volume was estimated from the simultaneously measured volume of distribution of bromine 77 and sodium 24. Total body water was estimated from the volume of distribution of triated water. Total body sodium and chloride were significantly increased above normal measured values, but total body potassium was not significantly different from normal. The increase in total body sodium could be attributed to an increase in exchangeable sodium because no significant change in the nonexchangeable portion of total body sodium could be detected. Extracellular fluid volume, estimated fro three different techniques (total body chloride, sodium 24, and bromine 77), and total body water were increased significantly above normal values. Extracellular fluid volume was correlated with exchangeable sodium, and total body water was closely correlated with total cation content (exchangeable sodium and total body potassium). The calculated intracellular fluid volume was decreased and was closely correlated with total body potassium. Despite adequate control of uremia by chronic maintenance hemodijalysis, body electrolyte composition and the distribution of body water remain significantly different from normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

In vivo total body water assessment by total body electrical conductivity in rats suffering perturbations of water compartment equilibrium.

Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) is a simple and non-invasive method for the assessment of body composition in vivo. Information regarding the applicability of TOBEC in the condition of abnormal fluid balance is scarce. In the present paper we give the results of the comparison between TOBEC and total body water (TBW; assessed by the tritium dilution technique) in three groups of animals: (1) healthy (n 17), (2) expanded fluid volume by secondary biliary cirrhosis (SBC; n 9) and (3) Furosemide-treated rats (n 9). The TOBEC score and TBW by tritium dilution were found to be highly correlated in the pooled sample (r 0.90) and in normal (r 0.87), SBC (r 0.73) and Furosemide-treated (r 0.89) rats. However, the relationship between TOBEC and TBW, described by least-squares regression analysis, was found to be similar for SBC and normal rats but was significantly different for Furosemide-treated and normal rats. These findings suggest that TOBEC is unable to track TBW accurately when the ratio between intracellular and extracellular water is chronically or acutely altered.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Can tritiated water-dilution space accurately predict total body water in chukar partridges?

Total body water (TBW) volumes determined from the dilution space of injected tritiated water have consistently overestimated actual water volumes (determined by desiccation to constant mass) in reptiles and mammals, but results for birds are controversial. We investigated potential errors in both the dilution method and the desiccation method in an attempt to resolve this controversy. Tritiated water dilution yielded an accurate measurement of water mass in vitro. However, in vivo, this method yielded a 4.6% overestimate of the amount of water (3.1% of live body mass) in chukar partridges, apparently largely because of loss of tritium from body water to sites of dissociable hydrogens on body solids. An additional source of overestimation (approximately 2% of body mass) was loss of tritium to the solids in blood samples during distillation of blood to obtain pure water for tritium analysis. Measuring tritium activity in plasma samples avoided this problem but required measurement of, and correction for, the dry matter content in plasma. Desiccation to constant mass by lyophilization or oven-drying also overestimated the amount of water actually in the bodies of chukar partridges by 1.4% of body mass, because these values included water adsorbed onto the outside of feathers. When desiccating defeathered carcasses, oven-drying at 70 degrees C yielded TBW values identical to those obtained from lyophilization, but TBW was overestimated (0.5% of body mass) by drying at 100 degrees C due to loss of organic substances as well as water.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗