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PubMed2006

The scientific production in health and biological sciences of the top 20 Brazilian universities.

Brazilian scientific output exhibited a 4-fold increase in the last two decades because of the stability of the investment in research and development activities and of changes in the policies of the main funding agencies. Most of this production is concentrated in public universities and research institutes located in the richest part of the country. Among all areas of knowledge, the most productive are Health and Biological Sciences. During the 1998-2002 period these areas presented heterogeneous growth ranging from 4.5% (Pharmacology) to 191% (Psychiatry), with a median growth rate of 47.2%. In order to identify and rank the 20 most prolific institutions in these areas, searches were made in three databases (DataCAPES, ISI and MEDLINE) which permitted the identification of 109,507 original articles produced by the 592 Graduate Programs in Health and Biological Sciences offered by 118 public universities and research institutes. The 20 most productive centers, ranked according to the total number of ISI-indexed articles published during the 1998-2003 period, produced 78.7% of the papers in these areas and are strongly concentrated in the Southern part of the country, mainly in São Paulo State.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1993

Creating a course on ethics in the biological sciences.

The authors examine the social and scientific context within which a course on the ethical dimensions of the biological sciences was created in the mid-1980s to instruct students at The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center's Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. They discuss how the basic purposes of such a course--to help students resolve ethical issues encountered in the scientific work, examine the values underlying science, and explore its relation and obligations to society--may be accomplished, and describe the salience to scientific work of two ethical values significant for science, truthfulness and benefit to others, to demonstrate the application of ethics to science. The present version of the course is described. Particular issues arising in the construction of a course on ethics and science are described, such as gaining faculty support, selecting instructors, constructing a syllabus of topics, using cases in instruction, creating examinations dealing with students from other cultures who may have difficulty with applying and using American values, and evaluating the educational effort.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2005

Building bridges between the physical and biological sciences.

This paper attempts to identify major conceptual issues that have inhibited the application of physical chemistry to problems in the biological sciences. We will trace out where theories went wrong, how to repair the present foundations, and discuss current progress toward building a better dialogue.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2002

Is biology science?

Yes of course it is, you reply, and so do I. But, are we in a minority in recognizing that the life sciences can be hard science?

Animals↗