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PubMed2004

[Dr. Victor Mollá Frambuena (1901-1972): biography and analysis of his urologic work].

OBJECTIVES/METHODS: Dr. Victor Mollá Frambuena developed his practice in Valencia during his whole professional career, following the steps of his father (the prestigious Professor Rafael Mollá Rodrigo), in the disappeared Red Cross Hospital where he became the first chairman of the department of urology. He published all his scientific work, which we analyze in this article, in this city, mainly in the journal "Cronica Médica". RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: After an exhaustive search, we analyze all the data about his medical biography and his scientific publications, this latter mainly in the journal Cronica Medico from 1928 to 1938, the year in which the last number was published.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biography and analysis of the urologic works of Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) (I)].

OBJECTIVES: The practice of Urology in our country has a long tradition, as demonstrated by several treaties of surgery from the Renaissance; it was the end of the XIX century when the scientific basis of the speciality were established separate from Surgery, as some authors demonstrated, with the notorious contribution of Prof. Rafael Mollá Rodrigo. Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) did the same at the beginning of the XX century when he came back from the professional school of George Marion, contributing to the consolidation of this speciality. METHODS: We reconstructed his biography and analyzed all his bibliography, both in regional and national journals. RESULTS: According to Nicasio Benlloch, renal lithiasis and its treatment were under controversy. Renal lithiasis might demand three indications: nephrectomy, pyelolithectomy and nephrolithectomy. In his chapter on intravenous pyelography he describes its absolute and relative indications. In his work about urinary catheterization and endoscopy he describes in detail the exploratory catheterization of urethra, bladder, and ureters, as well as the catheterization for evacuation and dilatation, and the most frequently used instruments. Finally, he talks about the benefits of endoscopic resection for bladder neck diseases and describes a resectoscope. CONCLUSIONS: Dr. Nicasio Benlloch contributes with his works to the consolidation of Urology as a speciality in Valencia, mainly in the field of lithiasis, a topic in which his works were fundamental.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biography and analysis of the urologic works of Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) (II)].

OBJECTIVES: The practice of Urology in our country has a long tradition, as demonstrated by several treaties of surgery from the Renaissance; it was the end of the XIX century when the scientific basis of the speciality were established separate from Surgery, as some authors demonstrated, with the notorious contribution of Prof. Rafael Mollá Rodrigo. Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) did the same at the beginning of the XX century when he came back from the professional school of George Marion, contributing to the consolidation of this speciality. METHODS: We reconstructed his biography and analyzed all his bibliography, both in regional and national journals. RESULTS: According to Nicasio Benlloch, renal lithiasis and its treatment were under controversy. Renal lithiasis might demand three indications: nephrectomy, pyelolithectomy and nephrolithectomy. In his chapter on intravenous pyelography he describes its absolute and relative indications. In his work about urinary catheterization and endoscopy he describes in detail the exploratory catheterization of urethra, bladder, and ureters, as well as the catheterization for evacuation and dilatation, and the most frequently used instruments. Finally, he talks about the benefits of endoscopic resection for bladder neck diseases and describes a resectoscope. CONCLUSIONS: Dr. Nicasio Benlloch contributes with his works to the consolidation of Urology as a speciality in Valencia, mainly in the field of lithiasis, a topic in which his works were fundamental.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2004

[Urologic work and biography of Prof. Rafael Alcalá Santaella (1896-1959). Historical document analysis].

OBJECTIVES: We find that Urology at the end of the 20th century was a consolidated speciality as a result of years of evolution and development, and the studies and works of authors whose contributions are considered today the basements of our speciality. So we think that Urology should be understood with its historical references, because, as Aristotle said "... thinks are better understood when one has got to clearly see how they were formed..." Numerous specialists contributed to this; among them we can cite Prof. Rafael Alcala Santaella, the object of this bibliographic and scientific works compilation paper. METHODS: We reviewed all his scientific works. Original articles have been obtained from Medicina Ibera, Revista Española de Cirugía y Urología, and Cirugía, Urología y Ginecología. His most important urologic work is Clinic Urology (1942), divided in 3 volumes. For his biography we used the biographic and bibliographic historical source of Spanish urology over the 20th-century and direct family members interviews. RESULTS: He analyzed topics as important as voiding disorders and the study of urine pyuria. He gave special importance to the study of prostatic pathology, its diagnosis by means of cystourethrography, and the modification of surgical techniques, as well as the results of urinary diversions performed in his department. CONCLUSIONS: Due to his extensive scientific and technical contributions he is one of the most outstanding figures of Valencia's Urology over the first half of the 20th century, together with Rafael Molla Rodrigo and Nicasio Benlloch Giner.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Belding Hibbard Scribner, the individual: a brief biography.

The paper gives a short biography of Belding Hibbard Scribner (1921-2003) and discusses his contribution to therapy of renal disease. A particular emphasis is given to peritoneal dialysis, the Teflon shunt and the first out-hospital dialysis unit.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1987

Notes on the uses of psychoanalysis for biography.

It is the dual aim of this presentation to explore the scope and to define the limits of what psychoanalysis can offer to the field of biography. In pursuit of these goals emphasis is placed upon the influence of the writer's emotional attachment to his subject, which, despite intensive psychoanalytic training and experience, may compromise his objectivity and contaminate his narrative. In addition, attention is drawn to psychological issues in the life of the creative artist which may play a decisive role both in determining the quality of his work and in stimulating its production.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using patient biography to promote holistic care.

The value of patient biographies has become apparent over recent years, especially within the specialty of health care of older people. This paper describes how a nursing assistant built up a relationship with an older man in his ward, who had previously been seen as 'difficult', through a shared interest in music, and by getting the patient to tell him his life story.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

A social biography of Carnegie embryo no. 836.

A tiny, sectioned embryo specimen known as Carnegie no. 836 has served as the prototype for Stage 13 (28-32 days) since the 1910s. Recently digitalized and reanimated for the 21st century, this singular specimen is now being used to develop 3D and 4D visualizations. Yet the social origins of the specimen have been largely forgotten. This essay traces the biography of 836 from its origins in a young woman's life, through sectioning and transformation into a scientific specimen, to its contemporary manifestations as a symbol of life. By reuniting the specimen with its story, we can appreciate how cultural attitudes toward embryo specimens have changed over the past century.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗
PubMed2005

[Women who have sex with women: their sexual biography, reproductive health and experience with violence].

OBJECTIVE: To compare sociodemographic characteristics, sexual and reproductive biographies and experience of violence according to the fact that women have or have not had homosexual relationship. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From the national survey on violence against women in France carried out in 2000 by phone, two groups have been compared: 78 women who have had at least one woman sexual partner and 6332 women who have had only male partners during lifetime. RESULTS: Women who have had sexual relationships with women more often have high level social positions and live in large cities. They have a more diverse sexual life that they begin younger and more partners, mainly men. They use contraception less often. They have more sexually transmitted infections and are more often tested for HIV. They visit gynaecologists as often as other women. They are more often victims of violence, especially physical violence as adults. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results, in an understudied field in France, are consistent with findings from the international literature. They attest to the difficulties women may be confronted with in situations where autonomy and marginality are combined. Doctors need to be better informed about the diversity of their trajectories in order to provide appropriate medical care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Experience of parental loss and later suicide: data from published biographies.

A study of 30 individuals who committed suicide whose biographies or autobiographies have been published revealed that 16 had experienced loss in childhood. There was an excess of loss caused by death and of fathers rather than mothers. Fourteen of the 16 losses occurred when the child was aged 6 to 14 (latency age).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1964

VIRUS BIOGRAPHIES. I. GROWTH OF WEST NILE AND GUAROA VIRUSES IN TISSUE CULTURE.

Southam, Chester M. (Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, N.Y.), Frederick H. Shipkey, Virginia I. Babcock Roller Bailey, and Robert A. Erlandson. Virus biographies. I. Growth of West Nile and Guaroa viruses in tissue culture. J. Bacteriol. 88:187-199. 1964.-Monolayer tissue cultures of HEp 2 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma) were inoculated with Guaroa or West Nile viruses. At daily intervals for 4 days thereafter, these cultures were studied by (i) light microscopy of living cultures and stained cultures, (ii) intracerebral inoculation of mice to titrate infectivity, (iii) acridine orange stain to observe nucleic acid changes, (iv) fluorescein-labeled antibody technique to observe specific viral antigen, and (v) electron microscopy to observe virus particles. Guaroa virus infectivity increased progressively over the 4-day period, and caused definite cytolysis by day 3. Cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid (RNA) staining was increased by 24 hr, and by 48 hr the RNA formed globular masses, particularly in degenerating cells. Viral antigen was occasionally seen on day 1, and increased progressively thereafter, forming numerous sharply outlined particles in cytoplasm concentrated at the cell membrane. Virus particles were ellipsoids with a dense nucleoid and a single membrane approximately 70 by 90 mmu, which appeared to form at the cell membrane just before being discharged. West Nile virus infectivity increased sharply between 1 and 2 days, but caused little cytolysis even by 4 days. Cytoplasmic RNA staining increased progressively for the 4 days, usually forming a large juxtanuclear mass in each affected cell. Viral antigen was not detected on day 1, but increased progressively thereafter, forming a crescent or a single diffuse mass adjacent to the nucleus. Virus particles were spheres approximately 30 mmu in diameter, with a dense nucleoid and a single membrane. They appeared to form in granular foci in the cytoplasm and then to fill the channels of the endoplasmic reticulum. No significant nuclear changes were observed with either virus by any of these techniques.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biography after the end of metaphysics: a critique of epigenetic evolution.

This article places Erik Erikson's model of ego development against the ground of modern culture. It finds that this model fails to see the relationship between individual crises and the modern postmetaphysical world view, where the meaning of life is in question. The article suggests that Erikson's description of crisis and ego integration remains sound, but that this process should be tied to the specific problems associated with living in modern society. The article ends by returning to Erikson's original insight: that we need to locate the life cycle in the social-cultural setting in which it unfolds. This will make the study of biography at once a psychological analysis and a cultural critique.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1995

Historical biography of medicinal plants.

Medicinal plants, have been the chief source of drugs used in treatment of various ailments. It is observed that the position of medicinal plants is not the same as in Samhitas. There is a lot of addition of new synonyms and also recording of new observations in terms of actions and uses. Thus, it would be interesting to study such developments in case of each drug historically and scientifically under the heading of 'The Historical Biography', covering the entire life of a medicinal plant along with various changes taking place from time to time.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed2004

[The biography of a neuron].

A summary review of current concepts regarding the major events in the long life cycle (the "biography") of a typical human brain neuron, and the main cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, is provided. Once born in the embryo, neurons never undergo cell division: Their differentiated phenotype, which includes the multiple neuronal networks that each cell establishes, is the cumulative result, over years of development, if many cell-autonomous (intrinsic) and intercellular (extrinsic) signaling events that regulate gene expression. The effect of such signals is not just qualitative, but dependent on their precise timing and dosage. Moreover, most intercelullar signals are powerfully regulated by tissue spatial constraints, or by the patterned bioelectrical activity (spontaneous and/or experience-related) of the developing neuronal networks. Thus, a major part of the biological information required to build each adult neuron is coded by a myriad of temporally-, spatially- or activity-dependent signaling events that occur within the developing neuronal networks themselves over a very protracted period. These facts cast serious doubt on the biological soundness of cell-replacement strategies as substitutes for damaged adult brain neurons.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1996

[The role of biography in psychoanalysis].

The construction of biographical data by the analyst and the remembrance of the past by the patient were regarded as vital for the psychoanalytic cure by Freud. Today the working-through of the transference in the actual therapeutic relationship is regarded as much more important. Whether the past is constructed or reconstructed, whether past events can explain present experiences etc., these questions are discussed not only in psychoanalysis, but also in the historical sciences and in philosophy. The dialogue with these can offer new insights into the relation of past to present, the importance of narrativity etc. to psychoanalysis; at the same time by comparison psychoanalysis can define its proper and specific approach to biography more clearly. These specific methods include the intersubjectivity of psychoanalytic experience in general and of reconstruction of the past, particularly, and the psychoanalytic process of remembering that leads to a differentiation of presence and past. Psychoanalysis is no psychosynthesis; it de-constructs experience, whereas the synthesis of the past is left to the patient's synthetic functions.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed1952

[Biography].

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History↗