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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Microbial classification of seawaters. The case against arbitrary health standards.

Various microbial health standards for recreational bathing waters obtain in many parts of the world, including Europe and America. These criteria appear to be a product of water laboratory scientists and legislators, bypassing the person most concerned--the local medical officer with his experience and knowledge of parochial epidemiology. In Natal we have a sophisticated and stringent system of grading bathing beaches which includes pathogenic microorganisms. The system functions as a measuring device for assessing changes in water quality, not as an arbitrary health standard. It is hoped that the practice of setting capricious so-called health standards for marine recreational waters does not spread to this country.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1991

Variations in microbial indicator densities in beach waters and health-related assessment of bathing water quality.

Daily and hourly variations in microbial indicators densities in the beach-waters of Hong Kong have been described. The levels of Escherichia coli at a number of beaches was observed to be influenced by tide, and for staphylococci, by bather numbers. The tidal influence was most obvious during spring tides; and for the effect of bathers, during neap tides. Both organisms are present in high densities in external sources of faecal pollution of bathing beaches, with the average staphylococci to E. coli ratios being 0.04-3. Staphylococci may serve as an indicator of bather density and the risk of cross-infection amongst bathers (rather than as another indicator of faecal contamination) when the average staphylococci to E. coli ratio for a bathing beach is considerably higher than 3. The variability of microbial indicator densities means the routine sampling of bathing beaches should be carried out on weekend days with maximum numbers of swimmers exposed to the water, and spread throughout the bathing season.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1990

[Results of hardening in children with bronchial asthma].

In 40 girls between 10 and 16 years, 28 of them asthmatics, spirometry and body plethysmography was carried out before and after an air bath from the end of december at outside temperatures of -10 degrees C up to april at temperatures of +10 degrees C. In 50% of the asthmatic girls a bronchospasm occurred, which depended nearly linearly (r = 0.68) from the outside temperature. After the usual air bath at the beach in bathing suits in three quarters of these girls a regression of the bronchospasm nearly or completely to the initial values was observed. This change is interpreted as a sympathicotonic stimulation by the cutaneous system with bronchospasmolytic effect.

Adolescent↗