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Results for “BLOOD PRESSURE”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cadmium effects in rats on tissue iron, selenium, and blood pressure; blood and hair cadmium in some oregon residents.

Exposure of rats to cadmium causes a marked depletion of iron in liver and kidney. Selenium neither counteracts or intensifies the influence of cadmium on tissue iron levels. Selenium injections protect against cadmium-induced testicular damage but cause this element to accumulate in the testes at higher concentration than in animals exposed to cadmium without selenium. Selenium injection diverts the binding of cadmium from low molecular weight proteins to high molecular weight ones. Dosing rats with selenium and cadmium or inclusion of Se or Cd in the diet did not result in altered cadmium binding in tissues, raising some questions concerning the environmental significance of these injection experiments. Addition of selenium to a diet containing cadmium decreased the accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney, but increased its deposition in testes. The metabolism of cadmium bound to metallothionein was markedly different as compared to the inorganic salt of this element. Dietary ascorbate, but not citrate or cysteine, decreased the deposition of cadmium in rat tissues. In some low-level exposure experiments with cadmium (1 to 1000 ppb), no differences were found in the percentage of dose absorbed or rate of cadmium accumulation when provided in food versus water. Female rats tended to absorb more cadmium than males. The binding of cadmium to cytosolic proteins was found to be different between rats fed low levels of cadmium (up to 1 ppm) as compared to those fed high levels of this element (100 ppm). Cadmium was not found to contribute to hypertension in rats, and a summary of results by various investigators is presented. Blood and hair cadmium levels in Oregon residents were found to be highest in employees of a mine, and hair cadmium was found to be respectively higher in smokers than nonsmokers and in metal workers than office workers. No relationships were observed in humans between blood or hair cadmium levels and blood pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Risk of breast cancer in relation to anthropometry, blood pressure, blood lipids and glucose metabolism: a prospective study within the Malmö Preventive Project.

Insulin resistance may be a risk factor for breast cancer, possibly through increased levels of oestrogens or insulin-like growth factor I. Insulin resistance has been associated with obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose tolerance. We studied the relation of these factors to breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort study of 9738 women. Menopausal status was defined a priori, and 112 cases of invasive breast carcinoma occurred in women who were premenopausal at baseline and 157 cases in subjects who were peri/postmenopausal. Relative risks (RR) for breast cancer were calculated by Cox's proportional hazards analysis for different quartiles of height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, pulse rate and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and glucose at 120 min after an oral dose of glucose. Peri/postmenopausal women had a significantly increased age-adjusted relative risk of breast cancer associated with height (RR = 1.78 for the highest versus lowest quartile), and the RR was increased over quartiles of cholesterol levels (P-value for trend: 0.05). No other significant associations were found. Adjustments for potential confounding factors or restriction of the analysis to cases and person-years before 55 years of age (premenopausal women), or after 55 years (peri/postmenopausal women), did not change

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2004

Effects of an exopolysaccharide (kefiran) on lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, and constipation.

Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was reported to produce an exopolysaccharide named kefiran. In the present study, we developed a new medium, rice hydrolyzate (RH) medium, for the culture of L. kefiranofaciens. Structural analyses revealed that the exopolysaccharide produced by L. kefiranofaciens from RH medium was composed of a hexasaccharide repeating unit, and essentially identical to the kefiran reported in previous studies. A study on the effects of kefiran in animals demonstrated that kefiran significantly suppressed increase of blood pressure and reduced the serum cholesterol levels in SHRSP/Hos rats when subjects consumed excessive dietary cholesterol. Kefiran supplementation demonstrated the ability to significantly lower blood glucose in KKAy mice. In addition, the administration of kefiran in constipated SD rats caused an obvious improvement in the levels of fecal moisture and wet weights of feces. These results suggest that kefiran could be used as a functional food to prevent some commonly occurring diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of the effects of oral nadolol and topical timolol on intraocular pressure, blood pressure, and heart rate.

We compared the effects of oral nadolol 20 mg once daily and topical timolol 0.25% twice daily on the intraocular pressures of 22 glaucoma suspects, in a 12 week double-masked crossover study. Both nadolol and timolol reduced intraocular pressure (p less than 0.001). The reductions in intraocular pressure did not differ significantly after two weeks and four weeks of treatment. Nine of these subjects underwent treadmill exercise tests in order to compare the effects of nadolol and timolol on the cardiovascular system. The effects of the two treatments on blood pressure were comparable, but nadolol caused a significantly greater reduction in heart rate than timolol at rest (p less than 0.05). Nadolol reduces intraocular pressure effectively and may prove a useful alternative treatment for chronic simple glaucoma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Doctor's-office blood pressure, home blood pressure, ergometry blood pressure and 24-hour blood pressure. The correlations with the echocardiographic parameters of heart muscle mass].

In 62 untreated hypertensives (31 men, 31 women; median age 40 [17-57] years) blood pressures (BP) were measured in the doctor's office, at home (self-measured) and every 15 min during 24-hour monitoring (by portable automated oscillometry), the results being compared with echocardiographic measurements of ventricular septal thickness (VST), left ventricular muscle mass (LVM) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI), in 41 of them also during and 5 min after 100 W bicycle ergometry. In the total cohort, 24-hour values correlated better with diastolic VST (systolic: r = 0.706, P less than 0.00001; diastolic: r = 0.507, P less than 0.0001) than office BP (systolic: r = 0.381, P less than 0.01; diastolic: r = 0.177, not significant) and home BP (systolic: r = 0.477, P less than 0.0001; diastolic: r = 0.371, P less than 0.05). In the 41 exercised hypertensives the correlation with echocardiographic values was less close than with their 24-hour BP, but slightly better than with office and home BP. Systolic BP correlated better than diastolic BP with echocardiographic values. VST generally correlated better with BP than LVM and LVMI. It is concluded that (1) 24-hour BP values correlate more closely with LVM than any other noninvasive BP measurement; (2) VST is affected more by systolic than diastolic BP; and (3) VST more specifically reflects the influence of BP on myocardial structure than does LVM and LVMI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Long-term effects of activity status in the elderly on cardiorespiratory capacity, blood pressure, blood lipids, and body composition: a five-year follow-up study.

It is generally recognized that physical activity levels in the elderly do not remain constant over time, and typically there is a marked reduction in physical activities in the elderly. The long-term benefits of regular physical training programs in the elderly are still not fully understood. This is a study of 55 elderly healthy subjects (over 65 years old) and re-evaluated for the effects of different physical activity patterns (sedentary, moderately active, and highly active) on several physiological parameters (pre- and post-training) after a 5-year period (5.30 +/- 1.14 years). Measurements included: body composition, blood lipid profiles, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, maximal oxygen uptake, and pulmonary function. Results indicated a larger decrease in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in the group of elderly sedentary individuals (1.5 +/- 0.5 l/min) compared to the moderately active (1.7 +/- 0.6 l/min) and the highly active groups (1.9 +/- 0.4 l/min). An active lifestyle was not sufficient to increase the physiological function of an individual. This study could not clearly demonstrate favorable differences for the physically active groups over the sedentary group with regard to several important physiological factors over the 5-year follow-up and it appears that the recommendation for, and the initiation of, adopting active lifestyles may not be sufficient on their own to significantly increase an individual's physiological functioning.

Aged↗