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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2025

Genetic mapping in the red mason bee implicates ANTSR as an ancient sex-determining locus in bees and ants.

Haplodiploid inheritance, in which females are diploid and males are haploid, is found in all species of Hymenoptera. Sex in haplodiploids is commonly determined by the alleles present at a complementary sex determination (CSD) locus, with heterozygosity triggering the female developmental pathway. The identity of this locus differs among taxa and is only known in a few species. Here, we map a single CSD locus to a 2 kbp region in the genome of the red mason bee Osmia bicornis. It overlaps the long noncoding RNA ANTSR, which has been identified as the sex-determining gene in the invasive ant Linepithema humile. This locus is homozygous in diploid males and exhibits extremely high levels of haplotype diversity, consistent with the action of frequency-dependent selection. The elevated levels of heterozygosity in the CSD locus enable us to fine-map potentially functional genetic variation within it. We also identify elevated levels of genetic diversity in the ortholog of the CSD locus in five other bee and ant genera, suggesting that it may govern sex determination widely in Hymenoptera. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that ANTSR evolved a role in sex determination over 150 million years ago and is the ancestral sex-determination locus of bees and ants.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

An unusually severe bee-sting allergic reaction in a bee keeper boy.

Honey bee sting allergy is not a new problem, nor is venom immunotherapy a new solution. Advances in scientific and immunologic theory and technology have been solved many problem. This paper report an unusually severe bee sting allergy in a son of a bee keeper.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1979

Immunotherapy in bee sting hypersensitivity. Bee venom versus wholebody extract.

Fifty-six patients with serologically confirmed bee sting hypersensitivity were treated for 1-3 years with either bee venom (BV) (31 patients) or wholebody extract (WBE) (25 per cent of re-exposed patients on BV-therapy showed a diminished reaction and 75% no reaction. Thirty-three per cent of re-exposed patients on WBE-therapy developed an unchanged or worse reaction, 42% a diminished reaction and 25% no reaction at all. An initial rise in BV-specific IgE was observed in BV-treated patients, whereas IgE levels after 1 year of treatment lay significantly below pretreatment values in both treatment groups. BV-specific IgG increased markedly in patients on BV-therapy and decreased slightly in those on WBE-therapy. The initial IgE increase induced by BV-therapy was insignificant in patients with high pretreatment levels of specific IgG-antibodies. Similarly, re-exposed patients with high BV-specific IgG showed no IgE increase, whereas a substantial rise in specific IgE was observed in those with low IgG. On the basis of clinical and serological results immunotherapy with BV is considered to be clearly superior to immunotherpy with WBE.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Immunoblot analysis of IgE and IgG antibodies to honey bee venom: cross sectional and sequential studies in bee sensitive subjects.

To investigate the specific IgE and IgG immune response to honey bee venom (bv), we performed immunoblot analysis of sera from 47 bee sensitive subjects and followed the response during and after venom immunotherapy in 15 of these subjects. Fifteen venom proteins varying in molecular size from 20 to 105 kDa were identified as being antigenic and consisted of a high molecular weight (HMW) group (5 to 105 kDa, containing the previously identified allergens B and C) and a low molecular weight group (LMW) containing hyaluronidase and phospholipase A. In general for a given individual the anti-venom IgE and IgG response was qualitatively similar although some variation between individuals was apparent. Reactivity with hyaluronidase and phospholipase A appeared only in those subjects showing reactivity with HMW components. During immunotherapy specific anti-venom IgG and IgE responses tended to be linked. Increased responses being seen against all components in 4 of 12 subjects, reductions in 3 and unchanged responses in the remainder. Following immunotherapy (mean 4.0 years), spontaneous reduction of IgE and IgG was seen in 5 of 5 subjects. Loss of reactivity with the LMW components was prominent in these sera.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Desensitization of patients with bee sting allergy using pure bee venom.

Forty patients who had previously experienced severe systemic reactions after a bee sting were desensitized using pure bee venom. A modified 'Rush' regimen was employed whereby patients received two injections a week and reached maximal desensitization in 5 weeks. Eleven patients have subsequently been stung again and have developed no generalized reaction. Although this form of desensitization is considered to be highly effective in protecting sensitive patients, both generalized and local side-effects were frequent. Maintenance desensitizing injections are required every month for an indefinite period. It is concluded that desensitization with pure been venom should be undertaken only in highly selected sensitive patients, and should be performed under strict control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Complete nucleotide sequence of Kashmir bee virus and comparison with acute bee paralysis virus.

The complete nucleotide sequence of a novel virus is presented here together with serological evidence that it belongs to Kashmir bee virus (KBV). Analysis reveals that KBV is a cricket paralysis-like virus (family Dicistroviridae: genus Cripavirus), with a non-structural polyprotein open reading frame in the 5' portion of the genome separated by an intergenic region from a structural polyprotein open reading frame in the 3' part of the genome. The genome also has a polyadenylated tail at the 3' terminus. KBV is one of several related viruses that also includes acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV). Although KBV and ABPV are about 70 % identical over the entire genome, there are considerable differences between them in significant areas of the genome, such as the 5' non-translated region (42 % nucleotide identity), between the helicase and 3C-protease domains of the non-structural polyprotein (57 % amino acid identity) and in a 90 aa stretch of the structural polyprotein (33 % amino acid identity). Phylogenetic analyses show that KBV and ABPV isolates fall into clearly separated clades with moderate evolutionary distance between them. Whether these genomic and evolutionary differences are sufficient to classify KBV and ABPV as separate species remains to be determined.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2003

Effects of the beehive type and queen-bee descent on the development of the bee-diseases at apiaries.

An increased occurrence of disease at various members of the honeybee brood (queen-bee, workers, and drones) settled in the beehive, become evident recently. It is already known that various factors, primary ecological, determine disease development. The aim of the study was to discover which diseases at apiaries corresponds to similar ecological conditions at different beehive types. Effects of the following factors were studied: beehive type and building material, type and descent of the queen-bee, variable of the environmental conditions. All honeybee broods, belonging to the European Apis mellifera carnica rase, used identical honeyfull plants pastures.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

Presence of a thermoregulatory hot spot in the prothorax of the large carpenter bee and the bumble bee.

In both the large carpenter bee (Xylocopa pubescens) and the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris), a hot spot was detected in the center of the prothorax on its dorsal-external aspect. In both cases, the temperature in this hot spot was found to be greater than the ambient temperature and that at the tip of the gaster. In B. terrestris, it was higher by 9-10 degrees C from that at the gaster tip and by 15-16 degrees C from the ambient temperature, while in X. pubescens the corresponding differences were 11-20 degrees C and 18-19 degrees C, respectively. The recorded thermal differences were not fixed but were rather variable, temporally as well as individually, but invariably all individuals measured showed these temperature differences. Furthermore, in none of the studied specimens was a hot spot detected in any part of the body other than the prothorax. From this hot spot in the prothorax, there is a cascade of temperatures in both directions, that is, anteriorly towards the head and posteriorly towards the gaster, with a graded drop in temperature in either direction. This article discusses possible reasons for the existence of such a hot spot in this particular location (the prothorax), its role or function, and its mode of operation. The authors speculate that it is a thermoregulatory center (for heating or cooling) that might be present in possibly all Hymenoptera that spend a considerable part of their life flying, regardless of whether they are social, parasocial, or solitary.

Animal Structures↗
PubMed1977

Allergens in bee venom. III. Identification of allergen B of bee venom as an acid phosphatase.

Allergen B previously isolated from honeybee venom and shown to be a mildly acidic protein consisting of polymers of a chain of 49,000 d is shown to have acid phosphatase activity. Allergen B is homogeneous by several criteria. No acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, or esterase activity was found in any other allergen or fraction of bee venom. Acid phosphatase activity was also found in yellow jacket venom and extracts of venom sacs from bumblebees and paper wasps.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Antibody responses to honey-bee venom and monomethoxy-polyethylene glycol-modified honey-bee venom in mice.

Antibody responses of the IgE isotype were raised in mice with honey-bee venom (HBV) administered in alum or by daily injections without adjuvant. The sensitized mice were treated with single injections of HBV modified with monomethoxy-polyethylene glycol. By such treatment with modified but not with natural HBV, suppression of the IgE antibody responses was achieved. The IgG antibody responses, in contrast, were unchanged or enhanced.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗