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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Evaluation of the effect of in-bed sampling on expanded bed adsorption.

An expanded bed adsorption (EBA) column (5 cm diameter) has been modified to allow the abstraction of liquid samples from various positions along the height of an expanded bed. As the adsorbent particles were fluidized, in-bed monitoring of key component concentrations during feedstock application, washing and elution was achieved by the withdrawal of liquid samples from the voids within the expanded bed through ports along the wall of the column. Component levels in the withdrawn streams can be assayed using on-line analytical chromatography or samples can be collected and assayed off-line. On-line monitoring can be used to control the duration of the loading stage and as a tool to provide information about the hydrodynamic and adsorption/desorption processes that occur during expanded bed adsorption. Studies of residence time distributions indicated that the modifications to the column do not significantly affect liquid dispersion. Using the adsorption of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast homogenate on Streamline DEAE as a model system, comparison of breakthrough curves for runs when in-bed monitoring was and was not performed also suggested that separation efficiency is not appreciably affected by in-bed sampling.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1996

The difference between activity when in bed and out of bed. II. Subjects on 27-hour "days".

Nine healthy subjects have been studied while exposed to the normal alternation of light and dark, but with their sleep and activity pattern adjusted to a 27-h "day" for 17 imposed "days." Rectal temperature showed clearly the competing influences of 27-h and 24-h components, and these were separated by the method of "purification." The method indicated that the endogenous component had a constant amplitude throughout the experiment and remained entrained to solar (24-h) time; by contrast, the exogenous component followed the imposed 27-h "day" and increased rectal temperature in proportion to the amount of subjects' activity. Wrist movement was used to assess activity while in bed (attempting sleep) and out of bed (when naps were forbidden). While these results confirmed adherence of the subjects to the imposed 27-h "days," they also showed that the dichotomy between "out of bed" activity and "in bed" inactivity depended on the phase relationship between endogenous (24h) and exogenous (27h) components. Thus, the dichotomy was highest and was equal to that during control days (with a conventional 24-h life-style) when the two components were in phase and lowest when the solar and imposed day were in antiphase. This was due to changes in activity, both during time spent in bed and out of bed. We confirm that this protocol can produce valuable information about the properties of the circadian system in humans and the value of the process of purification of temperature data. We have established also that the very simple and noninvasive measurement of wrist movement, coupled with its use to calculate dichotomy indices, provides valuable information that both confirms and extends the results obtained from the more conventional (but also more invasive) measurement of rectal temperature.

Bed Rest↗
PubMed1998

Examination of protein adsorption in fluidized bed and packed bed columns at different temperatures using frontal chromatographic methods.

The influences of various experimental parameters on the dynamic adsorption capacity (DAC) and the dynamic adsorption rate (DAR) of a biomimetic affinity silica-based adsorbent in fluidized and packed bed columns operated under plug flow conditions and at different temperatures have been investigated with different inlet concentrations of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and human serum albumin (HSA). The DACs as well as the DARs of both the fluidized and packed beds were examined at 10% saturation (i.e., at the QB value) and the experimental data compared with the corresponding data obtained from batch equilibrium adsorption procedures. Parameters examined included the fluid superficial velocity and protein concentration and their effect on the binding capacity and column efficiency. Consistent with various results reported from this and other laboratories on the behavior of biospecific affinity adsorbents derived from porous silica and zirconia particles, adsorbents prepared from Fractosil 1000 were found to exhibit appropriate rheological characteristics in fluidized bed systems under the experimental conditions. Moreover, changes in temperature resulted in a more significant effect on the breakthrough profiles of HSA compared to HEWL with the immobilized Cibacron Blue F3G-A with Fractosil 1000 adsorbent. This result suggests that temperature effects can possibly be employed profitably in some processes as part of a strategy to enhance column performance with fluidized bed systems for selective recovery of target proteins. At relatively low superficial velocities of the feed, the DARs with HEWL and HSA were similar for both the fluidized and packed bed column systems, whereas, at high superficial velocities, the DARs for these proteins were larger with the packed bed columns.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1985

Dopamine preferentially stimulates postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the femoral vascular bed, but alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the renal vascular bed of the anaesthetised dog.

The decrease in blood flow in response to dopamine (DA) injected intraarterially (i.a.) into the femoral or renal vascular beds was examined in the anaesthetised dog. DA or noradrenaline (NA) were 10 times more potent as vasoconstrictor agents in the femoral than in the renal vasculature. In the femoral bed, the DA induced vasoconstriction was completely resistant to antagonism by prazosin (30-300 micrograms/kg i.v.), but was dose-dependently blocked by the alpha 2-receptor antagonist idazoxan (30-300 micrograms/kg i.v.). In the renal bed the vasoconstrictor effects of DA were resistant to blockade by idazoxan, but were prazosin sensitive indicating that alpha 1-adrenoceptors were involved in this response. The alpha-receptor agonist profile for DA was not modified in the femoral bed after blockade of dilatory D1-receptors with SCH 23390 (0.5 mg/kg i.v. and 0.1 mg/kg per h i.v.). However, this antagonist significantly increased the vasoconstrictor potency for DA in the renal bed. The decrease in femoral blood flow induced by an injection of DA, appears to be mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors. In the renal vascular bed where the predominant alpha-adrenoceptor corresponds to the alpha 1-subtype and there are few postsynaptic alpha 2-receptors subserving vasoconstriction, DA can stimulate alpha 1-receptors but this action requires higher doses of agonist than those needed for alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1993

A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, west Africa. 7. Impact of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on malaria vectors.

The impact of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on malaria vectors was studied in 6 pairs of villages during the rainy season in 1989. In each pair, the residents of one village had their nets treated whilst those of the other remained untreated. Routine collections of mosquitoes were made outdoors in the early evening using human-biting collections, and indoors with insecticide sprays, light traps and by searches under bed nets. Mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex, An. gambiae sensu stricto, An. arabiensis and An. melas, were present in large numbers for 5 months of the study period. These mosquitoes were susceptible to permethrin as judged by bioassay results. Outdoor human-biting rates in the early evening in communities with treated bed nets were similar to those in communities with untreated nets. In villages with treated bed nets most biting occurred outdoors in the early evening with little taking place under impregnated nets. The insecticidal activity of permethrin-impregnated bed nets, dipped by the local population, provided good individual protection against mosquitoes throughout the rainy season and bed nets remained effective even when washed up to 3 times. There was little to suggest that the use of insecticide-treated nets reduced the survival of mosquito populations in villages with impregnated nets. The absence of the expected village-wide effects of net impregnation may have resulted from the circulation of mosquitoes between villages with treated and untreated nets. The proportion of mosquitoes which fed on humans did not differ significantly between villages with treated and untreated nets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Biofilm development and bed segregation in a methanogenic fluidized bed reactor.

Bacterial biofilm growth on a pilot lab scale anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor under mesophilic conditions is analyzed in this paper. Biolite was used as substratum and the system was fed with acetic acid as sole carbon source. Bed expansión was maintained around 40%. It was observed that the decrease of the expansion provoked a biomass increase in the reactor and the decrease of the removal rate of organic matter. This can be explained by a mass transfer limitation phenomenon. Volatile fatty acids accumulated within the system when the expansion of the fluidized bed was lower than 10%. An initial bed segregation was observed. Biomass adhesion and growth influenced bioparticle size and density, which contributed to further bed segregation. Biomass concentration in the bottom part of the bed showed higher values than in the upper levels. On the other hand, biofilm density increased towards the reactor bottom, wherein it showed the highest values. Methanogenic tests were conducted using acetic, propionic and butyric acids. These assays indicated that total activity was higher in bioparticle sampled from upper reactor levels. This was explained by the lower biofilm density values in this zone and mass transfer limitation phenomena. Moreover, biomass was unable to degrade acids different from acetic while performing the activity tests. This was probably due to the fact that acetic acid was the sole carbon source fed to the reactor.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1999

Expanded bed protein A affinity chromatography of a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody: process development, operation, and comparison with a packed bed method.

We show that expanded bed protein A affinity chromatography using Streamline rProtein A media is an efficient method for purifying a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody from unclarified Chinese hamster ovary cell culture fluid and that it provides purification performance comparable to using a packed bed. We determined that the dynamic capacity of the expanded bed media is related to flow rate (measured in column volumes per hour) by a power function, which allows a high capacity at a low flow rate. At 250 cm h-1 with a 25 cm bed height (10 column volumes h-1), the dynamic capacity is 30 g l-1. The yield and purity (measured by the amount of host cell proteins, DNA, SDS-PAGE, and turbidity) of the antibody purified by expanded bed is comparable to the yield and purity obtained on a standard packed bed method using Prosep A media.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibody capture from corn endosperm extracts by packed bed and expanded bed adsorption.

Topical treatments of chronic infections with monoclonal antibodies will require large quantities of antibodies. Because plants have been proven capable of producing multisubunit antibodies and provide for large-scale production, they are likely hosts to enable such applications. Recovery costs must also be low because of the relatively high dosages required. Hence, we have examined the purification of a human secretory antibody from corn endosperm extracts by processing alternatives of packed bed and expanded bed adsorption (EBA). Because of the limited availability of the transgenic corn host, the system was modeled by adding the antibody to extracts of nontransgenic corn endosperm. Complete clarification of a crude extract followed by packed bed adsorption provided antibody product in 75% yield with 2.3-fold purification (with antibody accounting for 24% of total protein). The small size of the packed bed, cation-exchange resin SP-Sepharose FF and the absence of a dense core (present in EBA resins) allowed for more favorable breakthrough performance compared to EBA resins evaluated. Four adsorbents specifically designed for EBA operation, with different physical properties (size and density), chemical properties (ligand), and base matrices were tested: SP-steel core resin (UpFront Chromatography), Streamline SP and Streamline DEAE (Amersham Biosciences), and CM Hyper-Z (BioSepra/Ciphergen Biosystems). Of these, the small hyperdiffuse-style resin from BioSepra had the most favorable adsorption characteristics. However, it could not be utilized with crude feeds due to severe interactions with corn endosperm solids that led to bed collapse. UpFront SP-steel core resin, because of its relatively smaller size and hence lower internal mass transfer resistance, was superior to the Streamline resins and operated successfully with application of a crude corn extract filtered to remove all solids of >44 microm. However, the EBA performance with this adsorbent provided a yield of only 61% and purification factor of 2.1 (with antibody being 22% of total protein). Process simulation showed that capital costs were roughly equal between packed and expanded bed processes, but the EBA design required four times greater operating expenditures. The use of corn endosperm as the starting tissue proved advantageous as the amount of contaminating protein was reduced approximately 80 times compared to corn germ and approximately 600 times compared to canola. Finally, three different inlet designs (mesh, glass beads, and mechanical mixing) were evaluated on the basis of their ability to produce efficient flow distribution as measured by residence time distribution analysis. All three provided adequate distribution (axial mixing was not as limiting as mass transfer to the adsorption process), while resins with different physical properties did not influence flow distribution efficiency values (i.e., Peclet number and HETP) when operated with the same inlet design.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1987

Tumour bed effect: hypoxic fraction of tumours growing in preirradiated beds.

The reduction in tumour growth rate seen when tumours are implanted into preirradiated sites, the tumour bed effect (TBE), is believed to be due to radiation damage to vascular stroma, leading to defective angiogenesis in the tumour. The present work examined whether or not the functional inadequacy of irradiated stroma was accompanied by an increased hypoxic fraction in tumours growing in irradiated beds. Mouse flank skin was given 0 or 20 Gy X-rays and RIF-1 fibrosarcoma cells were implanted i.d. into the centre of the treatment field one week later. Tumours of 200 mm3 were irradiated under clamped or unclamped conditions and the hypoxic fraction measured from the displacement of the corresponding survival curves, assayed in vitro. Results indicated a small increase in the hypoxic fraction. Averaging values from three independent experiments, the percentage of hypoxic cells increased from 2.5 per cent for cells in tumours growing in unirradiated beds to 4.6 per cent for those from tumours in beds given 20 Gy. Thus an irradiated vascular bed is still to some extent able to maintain the proportion of oxic: hypoxic tumour cells found in tumours growing in unirradiated beds, despite manifest changes in tumour necrosis and growth rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Delayed primary reconstruction of subtotal nail bed loss using a split-thickness nail bed graft on decorticated bone.

Split-thickness nail bed grafting is the accepted method of treatment for injuries involving loss of nail bed tissue. The nail bed of the great toe may be used without donor-site morbidity, and nail bed grafting may be combined with other procedures for fingertip reconstruction. A case of fingertip avulsion injury with loss of the nail plate, nail bed, and periosteum over the exposed distal phalanx of the thumb was reconstructed by a split-thickness nail bed graft placed directly on granulating decorticated bone. The length, appearance, and function of the injured dominant thumb were preserved.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Introducing DRG-based financing in Hungary: a study into the relationship between supply of hospital beds and use of these beds under changing institutional circumstances.

Most hospital reforms carried out in Europe over the past few decades concern the supply of hospital beds and hospital financing systems. In Hungary, financing was not tied to hospital input or output until a Diagnosis-Related-Group system was introduced. This change provided an opportunity to study the effect of the new system, taking the supply of hospital beds into account. We studied the effect of the financing system and bed supply on four output parameters, average length of stay; admission rate; occupancy; and case-mix. The incentives of the financing system influenced the length of stay (shorter) and the admission rate (more admissions). Although the case-mix did increase, occupancy was not affected. The supply of more beds resulted in higher admission rates and a slightly lower efficiency (a lower occupancy rate). No interaction effects of (variations in) the bed supply and the financing system were found.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1993

Air-fluidized beds and their ability to distribute interface pressures generated between the subject and the bed surface.

Pressures were measured under five anatomical sites prone to pressures sores for ten subjects, supine and sitting on two different air-fluidized beds. The beds were the Clinitron (trademark, SSI) and the Fluidair Plus (trademark, KCI Mediscus). Mean supine pressures were less than 4 kPa under four sites. The average supine buttock pressure was 2.65 kPa. This increased to 3.71 kPa upon sitting up, though pressures did not rise above the accepted capillary closing pressure, on either bed. Low interface pressures at these sites were due to good moulding between subject and bed. Heel pressures averaging 7.08 kPa, were a factor of 2.67 times greater than buttock pressure, and were higher than expected considering the depth the heels sunk to in both beds. This exceeded the accepted capillary closing pressure and was attributed to covering sheets preventing true floatation at the heels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of a rocking bed and standard bed for decreasing withdrawal symptoms in drug-exposed infants.

PURPOSE: To determine if the use of a mechanical rocking bed with maternal intrauterine sounds would decrease symptoms of withdrawal and promote neurobehavioral adaptation in drug-affected infants. METHODS: This was a repeated measures experimental design, with infants randomized to a standard bed or a rocking bed. The sample consisted of 14 full-term infants who were prenatally exposed to methadone plus other illicit drugs. RESULTS: Infants receiving the rocking bed therapy experienced a significant increase in withdrawal symptoms and sleep deprivation and displayed suboptimal neurobehavioral functioning on day 7 of life. IMPLICATIONS: The results suggest that the use of a mechanical rocking bed may be overstimulating for these fragile infants during the acute period of withdrawal.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Enhancing performance in anaerobic high-solids stratified bed digesters by straw bed implementation.

Anaerobic high-solids single-stage stratified bed digesters have been found to be simple and flexible design candidates for small-scale reactors located in medium- to low-technology environments. In the present study, wheat straw was used as the starter material for the stratified bed. Upon green mass feeding, the anaerobically stabilised straw bed functioned both as a biofilm support and as a particulate filter. It enabled a direct onset of 7 kg VSm(-3) batch loads, added twice a week, and permitted a low but consistent bed permeability during feeding at an average superficial flow velocity of 1 m d(-1) to be achieved. Fed-batch tests with sugar beet tops in pilot- and laboratory-scale setups at an average loading rate of 2 kg VSm(-3) d(-1) resulted in average biogas production rates of 1.2-1.4 m3 m(-3) d(-1) and methane yields of 0.31-0.36 m3 kg(-1) VS(added). At the end of the laboratory-scale feeding trial, the 200 day old straw bed had compacted to 50% of its initial volume, without any negative effects on performance being detectable.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

[Treatment of post-traumatic nail bed deformities with split-thickness nail bed grafts].

INTRODUCTION: Split-thickness nail bed graft have been proposed for treatment of post-traumatic nail bed dystrophies. Only three papers reported good results in 60 to 90% of cases. We report our experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 18 cases of split-thickness nail bed grafts from operative and consultation files and photographs. Evaluation was made using criteria as the nail plate shape, its adhesion on the nail bed, patient satisfaction and possible sequelae on the donor finger. RESULTANTS: Thirteen patients have been reviewed with a sufficient follow-up to assess the results. In 13 cases, the graft was taken from the hallux. The nail-bed graft was used for hallux reconstruction two times, the thumb six times, index six times, middle and ring finger one each, and the little finger two times. In every patient the graft was molded using either the patient nail or the nail plate from the donor finger. Clinical results were excellent in five cases, good in three and poor in five cases. Five failures were due to wrong indications in three cases in which matrix problem has been underestimated, and infectious failures in two cases. Fifteen per cent of our patients had some sequelae on the donor finger.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How many donuts is a "binge"? Women with BED eat more but do not have more restrictive standards than weight-matched non-BED women.

Theories of disordered eating suggest that binge eating may occur as a response to violations of unrealistically restrictive dietary standards, but there are few direct comparisons of the dietary standards of binge eaters and nonbinge eaters. In this study, we asked obese women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and weight- and age-matched women without BED to report the minimum amount of each of eight foods they considered a "binge" and "out of control" to determine whether binge eaters had stricter dietary standards than women without BED. Women with BED did not consider smaller amounts of food a "binge" or "out of control" than did women without BED; however, binge eaters did report that their "typical" and "largest-ever" servings of each of the eight foods were larger than those reported by nonbinge eaters. This suggests that for this group of eating- disordered women, eating behaviors may be a more important intervention target than overly restrictive dietary standards.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Nitrogen removal in a combined system: vertical vegetated bed over horizontal flow sand bed.

Pig farm wastewater creates various problems in many areas throughout Thailand. Constructed wetland systems are an appropriate, low cost treatment option for tropical countries such as Thailand. In this study, a combined system (a vertical flow bed planted with Cyperus flabelliformis over a horizontal flow sand bed without plants) was used to treat settled pig farm wastewater. This system is suitable for using in farms where land is limited. The average COD and nitrogen loading rate of the vegetated vertical flow bed were 105 g/m2 x d and 11 g/m2 x d respectively. The wastewater was fed intermittently at intervals of 4 hours with a hydraulic loading rate of 3.7 cm/d. The recirculation of the effluent increased total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency from 71% to 85%. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiencies were 95% and 98%. Nitrification was significant in vertical flow Cyperus bed, and the concentration of nitrate increased by a factor of 140. The horizontal flow sand bed enhanced COD removal and nitrate reduction was 60%. Plant uptake of nitrogen was 1.1 g N/m2 x d or dry biomass production was 2.8 kg/m2 over 100 days.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

The relationship between bedding and face-down death in infancy: mathematical analysis of a respiratory simulation system using an infant mannequin to assess gas diffusibility in bedding.

Rebreathing is a model for the relationship between a prone sleeping position and sudden infant death syndrome. This study used a mechanical simulation model to establish the relationship between types of bedding and rebreathing potential for an infant placed prone (face down) at different postnatal ages. The infant mannequin was connected to a respirator set to deliver physiologically appropriate combinations of tidal volume (V(T)) and respiratory rates (RR) across a range of postnatal ages (0-18 months). Before measurements were made, CO(2) flow was regulated to 5+/-0.1% of end-tidal PCO(2) (EtCO(2)). After the model was placed in a prone position, any increase in the fractional concentration of inspired CO(2) (FiCO(2)) was measured. FiCO(2) increased immediately and rapidly, and reached a maximum value within a few minutes. The maximum FiCO(2) ranged from under 2% to over 10%, depending on the bedding. FiCO(2) was also affected by V(T) and RR. This model is not applicable to actual infants because of the large tissue stores of CO(2) in infants; however, it is useful for evaluation of gas diffusibility of bedding and will simplify the investigation of sleeping environments when a baby is found dead with its face covered by soft bedding. In general, the higher the FiCO(2), the greater the rebreathing potential. Theoretically, considering the paucity of body stores of O(2), changes in FiO(2) would be affected not by changes in FiCO(2), but by CO(2) production and gas movement around the infant's face. The rapid decrease of FiO(2) is approximated at the inverse of the FiCO(2) timecourse, suggesting the significance of not only CO(2) accumulation but also O(2) deprivation in the potential space around the baby's face.

Bedding and Linens↗