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Results for “Auditory Perceptual Disorders”

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PubMed1994

Auditory problems in elderly patients with stroke.

Twenty-five CAT-scan-confirmed stroke patients and 25 matched controls were studied. All the stroke patients were stable 2-3 months after unilateral hemispheric stroke. Those with ear disease, other central neurological disorder, severe dysphasia and acute or chronic confusion were excluded. There were no significant differences between the groups for average pure tone hearing threshold (APTT) or ability to discriminate pre-recorded speech presented to one ear at 35 decibels (dB) above APTT. The stroke subjects had significantly impaired performance on dichotic competing sentence testing (DCST). Seventeen stroke patients but only one control subject failed DCST. Failure rate was similar for left and right stroke and for temporal and non-temporal lobe involvement. Two-thirds of patients failing DCST did so in the ear opposite the side of the cortical lesion. We conclude that (i) DCST is useful in detecting central auditory dysfunction in stroke patients; and (ii) stroke can affect central auditory perception in older patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Delay in maturation of the auditory pathway and its relationship to language acquisition disorders.

We studied 81 children, mostly boys, who experienced language acquisition delay but whose audiometric thresholds were normal. We assessed the evolution of children with delayed maturation of auditory pathways by brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA). We also used a questionnaire administered during diagnostic procedures to determine if there was a probable etiology in each patient. In addition, we further studied language evolution in 29 patients by means of a second questionnaire that was administered approximately 2 years later. Finally, we studied the evolution of the I-V interwave interval and the I/V amplitude ratio in 16 patients by performing a second BERA after a mean interval of 3 years. We observed improvement in both brainstem transmission time and language acquisition in all 81 patients. However, only a few patients achieved normal range results. Morphologic alterations, which were most common in patients who had had perinatal jaundice, remained unchanged. The most common possible risk factors for the delayed maturation pattern observed on BERA were parental consanguinity, prematurity, perinatal anoxia and jaundice, and postnatal seizure and infection. Some patients had more than one of these possible risk factors. We conclude that high-risk newborns and 2-year-old children who have no primitive verbal language skills should undergo BERA as well as investigation of hearing thresholds, interwave intervals, and I/V amplitude ratios. The alteration of the parameters points out the need for early intervention if there is no favorable prognosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Auditory sensory dysfunction in schizophrenia: imprecision or distractibility?

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is associated with large effect-size deficits in auditory sensory processing, as reflected in impaired delayed-tone matching performance. The deficit may reflect either impaired sensory precision, which would be indicative of neural dysfunction within auditory sensory (temporal) regions, or of increased distractibility, which would be indicative of impaired prefrontal function. The present study evaluates susceptibility of schizophrenic subjects to same-modality distraction to determine whether patients fit a "bitemporal" or "prefrontal" model of sensory dysfunction. METHODS: Tone-matching ability was evaluated in 15 first-episode patients, 18 outpatients with chronic illness, and 21 patients in long-term residential care, relative to 32 nonpsychiatric controls of a similar age. A staircase procedure determined individual thresholds for attaining criterion level correct performance. RESULTS: Tone-matching thresholds in the absence of distractors were significantly elevated in patients in long-term residential care relative to all other groups (P<.001). The effect size (d) of the difference relative to controls was extremely large (SD, 1.95). Schizophrenic patients, even those with elevated tone-matching thresholds, showed no increased susceptibility to auditory distraction (P =.42). Deficits in tone-matching performance in subjects with chronic illness could not be attributed to medication status or level of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that sensory processing dysfunction in schizophrenia is particularly severe in a subgroup of patients who can be considered poor-outcome based on their need for long-term residential treatment. Furthermore, the absence of increased auditory distractibility argues against prefrontal dysfunction as an origin for auditory sensory imprecision in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:1149-1155.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2006

[Is there a correlation between low-level auditory processing and phonological processing in preschool children?].

BACKGROUND: It appears to be widely accepted that specific language impairment (SLI) and developmental dyslexia result from some form of phonological deficit. Some theorists contend that these deficits are directly and exclusively caused by a cognitive deficit specific to representation and processing of speech sound. However, separate theories hold that phonological deficits indeed may cause SLI or dyslexia but phonological deficits arise due to sensory, mainly auditory, deficits. Here we studied if there is a correlation between two hotly debated measures of auditory low-level processing and measures of phonological processing in preschool children. METHODS DESIGN: prospective study. SAMPLE: preschool children. VARIABLES: monaural and binaural temporal order judgement (TOJ(b) and TOJ(m)), several standardized measures of broad and narrow phonological processing (Bielefelder Screening BISC). STATISTICS: correlation analysis. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between TOJ(b)/TOJ(m )and phonological processing. However, these data show that "impaired" TOJ(b) and TOJ(m) is neither a necessary nor a sufficient prerequisite for impaired phonological processing. DISCUSSION: Although TOJ(b) and TOJ(m) as measures of auditory low-level processing show a correlation with some measures of phonological processing, the precise nature of mechanisms leading to SLI or dyslexia still remains an unsolved problem.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed2006

Speech perception in preschoolers at family risk for dyslexia: relations with low-level auditory processing and phonological ability.

We tested categorical perception and speech-in-noise perception in a group of five-year-old preschool children genetically at risk for dyslexia, compared to a group of well-matched control children and a group of adults. Both groups of children differed significantly from the adults on all speech measures. Comparing both child groups, the risk group presented a slight but significant deficit in speech-in-noise perception, particularly in the most difficult listening condition. For categorical perception a marginally significant deficit was observed on the discrimination task but not on the identification task. Speech parameters were significantly related to phonological awareness and low-level auditory measures. Results are discussed within the framework of a causal model where low-level auditory problems are hypothesized to result in subtle speech perception problems that might interfere with the development of phonology and reading and spelling ability.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Impaired gap detection in juvenile microgyric rats.

Previous research with adult animal models links the presence of cortical neuromigrational anomalies (i.e., microgyria similar to that found in brains of dyslexics) with rapid auditory processing (RAP) impairments. RAP impairments are in turn found in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and also in individuals with dyslexia. Gap detection, a simple measure of auditory temporal acuity, appears to be impaired in children with SLI but not in dyslexic adults, even though both groups exhibit impaired processing on more complex, rapid auditory tasks. In the current study, juvenile rats with bilateral microgyria, but not their adult counterparts, exhibited impaired detection of short duration silent gaps in white noise when compared to age-matched sham littermates. Results lend further support to: (1) an association between neuromigrational anomalies and RAP impairments; and (2) the validity of an animal model of RAP impairments associated with language disturbances in humans. Current results also support the view that auditory processing disturbances associated with cortical malformations may be evident early in development at a relatively "low" level (e.g., simple gap detection), but may require "higher-order" auditory discrimination tasks (e.g., tone sequences, phonemic discriminations) to be elicited later in life.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2004

Effects of an acute acoustic trauma on the representation of a voice onset time continuum in cat primary auditory cortex.

Here we show that hearing loss associated with an impairment of speech recognition causes a decrease in neural temporal resolution. In order to assess central auditory system changes in temporal resolution, we investigated the effect of an acute hearing loss on the representation of a voice onset time (VOT) and gap-duration continuum in primary auditory cortex (AI) of the ketamine-anesthetized cat. Multiple single-unit activity related to the presentation of a /ba/-/pa/ continuum--in which VOT was varied in 5-ms step from 0 to 70 ms-- was recorded from the same sites before and after an acoustic trauma using two 8-electrode arrays. We also obtained data for gaps, of duration equal to the VOT, embedded in noise 5 ms after the onset. We specifically analyzed the maximum firing rate (FRmax), related to the presentation of the vowel or trailing noise burst, as a function of VOT and gap duration. The changes in FRmax for /ba/-/pa/ continuum as a function of VOT match the psychometric function for categorical perception of /ba/-/pa/ modeled by a sigmoid function. An acoustic trauma made the sigmoid fitting functions shallower, and shifted them toward higher values of VOT. The less steep fitting function may be a neural correlate of an impaired psychoacoustic temporal resolution, because the ambiguity between /ba/ and /pa/ should consequently be increased. The present study is the first one in showing an impairment of the temporal resolution of neurons in AI caused by an acute acoustic trauma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Developmental dyslexia: specific phonological deficit or general sensorimotor dysfunction?

Dyslexia research now faces an intriguing paradox. It is becoming increasingly clear that a significant proportion of dyslexics present sensory and/or motor deficits; however, as this 'sensorimotor syndrome' is studied in greater detail, it is also becoming increasingly clear that sensory and motor deficits will ultimately play only a limited role in a causal explanation of specific reading disability.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed2002

Turning a deaf ear to fear: impaired recognition of vocal affect in psychopathic individuals.

The processing of emotional expressions is fundamental for normal socialization and interaction. Reduced responsiveness to the expressions of sadness and fear has been implicated in the development of psychopathy (R. J. R. Blair, 1995). The current study investigates the ability of adult psychopathic individuals to process vocal affect. Psychopathic and nonpsychopathic adults, defined by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 1991), were presented with neutral words spoken with intonations conveying happiness, disgust, anger, sadness, and fear and were asked to identify the emotion of the speaker on the basis of prosody. The results indicated that psychopathic inmates were particularly impaired in the recognition of fearful vocal affect. These results are interpreted with reference to the low-fear and violence inhibition mechanism models of psychopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Investigation of functional hemispheric asymmetry of language in tinnitus sufferers.

The authors tested functional hemispheric asymmetry through word dichotic listening and lateralized lexical decision tasks in tinnitus patients and controls stimulated by a continuous tinnitus-like noise to test the influence of a tinnitus-like external stimulation. A classic right-ear advantage was shown in the auditory task for all but right-ear tinnitus patients, who performed as equally badly when the stimuli were presented to the right and left ears. Concerning the visual task, all participants demonstrated the expected right visual field advantage for word stimuli. Moreover, those who submitted to external stimulation demonstrated normal asymmetric patterns. These data suggest a specific effect of tinnitus on central processing and provide evidence for a functional reorganization induced by this auditory phantom perception.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2004

Phonologic processing in adults who stutter: electrophysiological and behavioral evidence.

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs), judgment accuracy, and reaction times (RTs) were obtained for 11 adults who stutter and 11 normally fluent speakers as they performed a rhyme judgment task of visually presented word pairs. Half of the word pairs (i.e., prime and target) were phonologically and orthographically congruent across words. That is, the words looked orthographically similar and rhymed (e.g., thrown, own) or did not look similar and did not rhyme (e.g., cake, own). The phonologic and orthographic information across the remaining pairs was incongruent. That is, the words looked similar but did not rhyme (e.g., gown, own) or did not look similar but rhymed (e.g., cone, own). Adults who stutter and those who are normally fluent exhibited similar phonologic processing as indexed by ERPs, response accuracy, and RTs. However, longer RTs for adults who stutter indicated their greater sensitivity to the increased cognitive loads imposed by phonologic/orthographic incongruency. Also, unlike the normally fluent speakers, the adults who stutter exhibited a right hemisphere asymmetry in the rhyme judgment task, as indexed by the peak amplitude of the rhyming effect (difference wave) component. Overall, these findings do not support theories of the etiology of stuttering that posit a core phonologic-processing deficit. Rather we provide evidence that adults who stutter are more vulnerable to increased cognitive loads and display greater right hemisphere involvement in late cognitive processes.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Patterns of auditory processing and articulation deficits in academically deficient juvenile delinquents.

Auditory processing deficits and articulation disorders were studied in a group of male juvenile delinquents. Significant auditory processing deficits were frequently observed and were significantly related to underachievement in reading, spelling, and arithmetic. In addition, articulation disorders were present in over 60% of the delinquent subjects. The results are interpreted to indicate that the evaluation of speech capabilities and auditory processing skills should be an integral part of treatment programs for delinquent populations. The importance of early intervention through identification and treatment of speech and language disorders in the early school period is supported.

Achievement↗
PubMed2006

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome.

In the present study, mild impairment of cochlear function in patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome was investigated using DPOAEs. A significant decrease in DPOAE levels in both ears was found in patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome compared with the controls after considering the thresholds as a co-variable. It is noteworthy that the global mean levels of DPOAEs were still significantly greater in controls than in patients with matched thresholds. Further frequency analyses showed a significant decrease in DPOAE levels over the mid- and high-frequency range in patients with better hearing thresholds when compared with those in the control group. Moreover, significantly smaller DPOAEs were found in the ears of patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome and without SOAEs, than in such ears of control subjects after considering the thresholds as a co-variable. However, when SOAEs were present there was no difference. Decreases in DPOAE level appear to represent evidence of minor cochlear pathology, and provide a pathological basis for the difficulty of hearing speech in the presence of background noise, which characterizes King-Kopetzky syndrome.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2002

A case study of pure word deafness: modularity in auditory processing?

AL, a woman with an acquired disturbance of auditory processing beginning in the second decade, was originally diagnosed as having pure word deafness. Recent analysis with a wide range of stimuli suggests that her comprehension deficit also extends to a subset of musical and non-verbal environmental sounds. The perceptual demands of the different auditory stimuli appear to account for part of the apparent material specificity. Additionally, over the years, the presumed temporal lobe cortical pathology has been supplemented by a mild to moderate, peripheral low-frequency hearing loss and evidence of dysfunction in lower level auditory processing pathways. The current peripheral dysfunction closely resembles cases recently labeled as auditory neuropathy. The diagnosis of pure word deafness should not be based on a limited set of auditory stimuli; additionally, a careful assessment using modern audiological techniques should be performed to evaluate peripheral auditory functions.

Achievement↗
PubMed2003

Boosting GABA improves impaired auditory temporal resolution in the gerbil.

Elderly humans often not only experience peripheral hearing loss but also suffer from more central deficits in temporal auditory processing affecting speech perception. Impaired auditory temporal resolution has also been observed in old rodents. Other studies have demonstrated a reduction of GABAergic function in the auditory pathway of old animals. Here we test the hypothesis that deficits in the GABAergic system affect central auditory processing. Our data suggests that pharmacological augmentation of the GABAergic system ameliorates impaired temporal auditory processing in the gerbil and might be a strategy for the treatment of at least some forms of central hearing loss in humans.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2003

Audiologic manifestations of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize auditory function in patients diagnosed with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). DESIGN: Eighteen patients with PTLDS were evaluated and compared to a normal population. Evaluations consisted of pure tone and speech thresholds, word recognition (WRS), acoustic immittance battery, auditory brain stem response (ABR), and loudness discomfort level (LDL). Both seropositive and seronegative patients were evaluated. Audiologists were blinded to patient status. RESULTS: Forty four percent of the patients had one or more abnormal pure tone thresholds compared to gender- and age-adjusted norms. Thirty-one percent showed abnormally reduced LDLs, and 17% had abnormal acoustic reflexes at one or more frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: This paper catalogs previously unstudied long-term auditory system sequelae resulting from PTLDS. Our most significant finding was the dramatically reduced loudness tolerance in the presence of either normal or minimally impaired hearing. The clinician is encouraged to consider PTLDS when confronted with these or similar findings in patients having history of Borrelia burgdorferi infection and continued complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Odds of demonstrating auditory processing abnormality in the average older adult: the Blue Mountains Hearing Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine, for the average older adult, the odds of demonstrating an auditory processing abnormality for each of seven speech-based measures of auditory processing and how these odds vary based on a number of independent subject variables. DESIGN: Using a cross-sectional design, 1576 adults aged 55 years and older were assessed with speech measures of central auditory processing and questionnaires pertaining to health status, cognitive and perceived auditory function. The speech-based measures from which abnormal/normal outcomes were derived were (a) right ear Macquarie Synthetic Sentence Identification (MSSI) test maximum performance score (Rt MSSImax), (b) left ear MSSI test maximum performance score (Lt MSSImax), (c) right ear Macquarie Dichotic Sentence Identification (MDSI) test score (Rt MDSI), (d) left ear MDSI test score (Lt MDSI), (e) difference score for the right and left ear MDSI test (MDSI Diff score), (f) right ear MSSI test maximum performance score subtracted from the maximum performance score for monosyllabic word list materials in the same ear (Rt PB-MSSImax), and (g) left ear MSSI test maximum performance score subtracted from the maximum performance score for monosyllabic word list materials in the same ear (Lt PB-MSSImax). RESULTS: The odds of demonstrating auditory processing abnormality for average older participants, increased by 4 to 9% per year of age. Men were approximately twice as likely as women to demonstrate this abnormality, but the gender difference was only evident with dichotic measures. With increasing hearing handicap, the odds of demonstrating auditory processing abnormality increased, but this was only evident for speech-in-noise measures. With subtle cognitive decline, the odds of demonstrating auditory processing abnormality also increased. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study provides evidence of a link between perceived hearing handicap and outcomes on speech-in-noise measures as well as evidence of a gender difference that became apparent using dichotic tests. The contribution of central auditory processing abnormality to hearing health should therefore not be overlooked in the provision of auditory rehabilitation programs to older adults.

Aged↗