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51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Approach to novel functional foods for stress control 5. Antioxidant activity profiles of antidepressant herbs and their active components.

Oxidative stress is frequently mentioned in relation to the neurodegenerative diseases. This study examined the effect of three herb extracts, Hypericum perforatum, Ginkgo biloba L. and Apocynum venetum L., and their components on lipid hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in PC-12 cells. Among them, the extract of Apocynum venetum and its components showed the remarkable inhibitory effect, indicating that this herb extract serves as a protective agent against lipid peroxidation-related oxidative stress in CNS. Oxidative stress may be associated with the progress of depression, as this extract has been proposed to be an effective antidepresant herb.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Inhibitory effects of Luobuma tea and its components against glucose-mediated protein damage.

Luobuma tea, prepared from the leaves of Apocynum venetum L., is a popular beverage in China. In this study, the activity of Luobuma leaf extract and its components against the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which are largely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, was examined using the in vitro glycation reaction. Strong inhibitory activity against the formation of AGEs was shown by Luobuma aqueous extract. Following further fractionation of this extract, seven polyphenolic compounds, i.e. (+/-)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (+/-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, epicatechin-(4beta-8)-gallocatechin, epigallocatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin and procyanidin B-2, were isolated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. These purified compounds also exerted inhibitory activities that were more potent than the positive control, aminoguanidine. Our findings may help to explain the beneficial effects of this plant against atherosclerosis.

Apocynum↗
PubMed2003

Determination of hydroxyl radical by capillary electrophoresis and studies on hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of Chinese herbs.

High-performance capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical detection (ED) was employed to determine hydroxyl radicals in the Fenton reaction. Hydroxyl radicals can react with salicylic acid to produce 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid, which can be analyzed by CE-ED. Based on this principle, hydroxyl radicals were determined indirectly. In a 20 mmol/L phosphate running buffer (pH 7.4), 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid would elute simultaneously from the capillary within 6 min. As the working electrode, a 300 microm diameter carbon-disk electrode exhibits good responses at +0.60 V (vs. SCE) for the two analytes. Peak currents of the two analytes are additive. Excellent linearity was obtained in the concentration range from 1.0x10(-3) mol/L to 5.0x10(-6) mol/L for 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid. The detection limit (S/N=3) was 2.0x10(-6) mol/L. This method was successfully applied for studying hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of Chinese herbs. It is testified that Apocynum Venetum L., Jinkgo bibola L., Morus alba L. and Rhododendron dauricum L. have strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activities.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1999

Host use evolution in Chrysochus milkweed beetles: evidence from behaviour, population genetics and phylogeny.

In two sister species of leaf beetles with overlapping host associations, Chrysochus auratus and C. cobaltinus, we established diet breadth and food preference of local populations for evaluation together with genetic differentiation between populations. While C. auratus turned out to be monophagous on the same plant wherever we collected the beetles, the studied populations of C. cobaltinus fed on three different plant species in the field. Plant preference and ranking of the potential host plants significantly differed between these populations. The amount of genetic differentiation between populations was measured by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay of a 1300 bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence. In addition, the dominant genotypes of all populations were sequenced. No genetic differentiation between the populations of C. auratus could be detected in the RFLP assay and sequence divergence was low (= 0.3%). In C. cobaltinus, on the other hand, genetic differentiation between populations was high, revealing a lack of gene flow over a much smaller scale and a maximum of 1.3% sequence divergence. C. cobaltinus thereby has the prerequisites for host race formation on different plants from the original host spectrum. Our sequence-based phylogeny estimate allows us to reconstruct historical diet evolution in Chrysochus. Starting from an original association with Asclepiadaceae, the common ancestor of C. auratus and C. cobaltinus included Apocynaceae in its diet. The strict specialization on Apocynum and the loss of acceptance of Asclepiadaceae observed in C. auratus could have resulted from a process similar to that displayed by C. cobaltinus populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

CALOTROPIN, A CYTOTOXIC PRINCIPLE ISOLATED FROM ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA L.

An alcoholic extract of Asclepias curassavica L., a plant widely used in folk medicine for treating cancer and warts, shows cytotoxic activity when tested in vitro against cells derived from human carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Systematic fractionation of the extract has led to isolation and characterization of calotropin as a cytotoxic principle. Calotropin is similar in structure to two cardiac glycosides recently shown to be responsible for the cytotoxicity of Apocynum cannabinum L.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biotransformations with plant tissue cultures.

Suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus, Apocynum cannabinum and Conium maculatum were examined for their capacity to transform aniline, anisole, acetanilide, benzoic acid and coumarin. None of the cultures transformed acetanilide but each produced acetanilide when fed aniline. All three cultures converted benzoic acid to its para-hydroxy derivative. Coumarin was selectively hydroxylated at the 7-position by Catharanthus and Conium and anisole was O-demethylated only by older Catharanthus tissue.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed2003

[Research on microstructure of caulis herb].

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the microscopic identification of caulis herb. METHOD: Systematic arrangement and comparative studies were carried out on the microstructure of medicinal herb of different groups and shapes. RESULT: The rule and characteristics of the microstructure of caulis herb were discussed, and the sorting search list of the microstructure of common caulis herb was established. CONCLUSION: The microstructure characteristics of caulis herb, as the reference of the microscopic identification, are of research value.

Apocynum↗