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PubMed2002

Two cases of patients with renal transplants presenting with anuria due to an infarcted ileal conduit.

Transplanting kidneys into patients with an ileal conduit has become acceptable practice, and is usually well tolerated. We present the cases of two such patients who later presented as emergencies with anuria due to infarction of the ileal conduit. Both required operative intervention, and in both cases the renal function returned to its pre-operative level. The cases illustrate an important differential diagnosis of anuria in this group of transplant patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Increased intraabdominal pressure and anuria in the newborn.

Elevated intraabdominal pressure as a cause of anuria in the critically ill newborn with ascites should be considered after hypovolemia and other causes of intrinsic renal disease or obstruction have been excluded. In the rare patient with ascites who develops anuria, paracentesis should be considered if urine output cannot be established.

Anuria↗
PubMed1985

Persistent clot anuria complicating renal transplant biopsy.

Serious morbidity from renal transplant biopsy is reported to be infrequent. However, 4 of 43 patients who had renal transplant biopsy between July, 1981, and March, 1984, experienced anuria from upper urinary tract obstruction by blood clots. Although these clots usually dissolve, 3 patients (7%) experienced persistent clot anuria and deterioration of renal function. Awareness of this complication is important. Retrograde pyelography and ureteral catheterization are preferred primarily for diagnosis and treatment. Percutaneous techniques are reserved for those cases in which the ureter cannot be catheterized cystoscopically.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Reflex anuria.

Reflex anuria is described, and various etiologic theories are presented. A case report of documented reflex anuria is presented. Both ureterorenal pain-induced reflex and neurovascular reflex may produce suppression of urine output from an otherwise normal kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Anuria during pneumoperitoneum in infants and children: a prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Transient oliguria during laparoscopic surgery is a known phenomenon. Currently, no data on the impact of pneumoperitoneum on renal function in children are available. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty children with normal kidney function, who underwent laparoscopic surgery, were included in a prospective study. A transurethral catheter was placed to measure urine output during and 6 hours after operation. Renal blood flow (resistive index) was evaluated by Doppler ultrasound of a segmental renal artery before surgery, every 15 minutes during laparoscopy, and after 24 hours. Blood and urine samples were studied before and 24 hours after surgery. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored continuously during standardized anesthesia, including a standardized intravenous infusion regimen. RESULTS: Urine output decreased within 45 minutes of pneumoperitoneum in all patients. Of 8 children younger than 1 year, 7 (88%) developed anuria vs 3 of 22 (14%) children aged 1 to 15 years (P < .001). Nine children 1 year and older (32%) developed oliguria. There was a significant recovering in the mean urine output until 5 to 6 hours after pneumoperitoneum in both age groups. No significant alterations of the renal blood flow (resistive index) and the serum and urine levels of cystatin C, creatinine, and urea nitrogen were evident until 24 hours postoperatively. The volume of infusion during pneumoperitoneum did not correlate with urine output. CONCLUSION: Pneumoperitoneum leads to anuria in most children younger than 1 year and to oliguria in about one third of older children. This is a completely reversible phenomenon. Urine output should not be taken into consideration for calculating intravenous fluid administration during pneumoperitoneum in children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Post-transplant renal artery stenosis: a cause of anuria. Report of 2 cases corrected by revascularization.

We report 2 cases of severe hypertension and acute onset of anuria after renal transplantation in which angiography revealed renal artery stenosis. After renal artery reconstructive surgery renal function returned to normal and the hypertension improved. A high index of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis. Only by heightened awareness of this important entity will patients with post-transplantation anuria secondary to renal artery stenosis be identified. Such patients may benefit from renal artery revascularization to reverse this type of renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Anuria in a newborn secondary to bilateral ureteropelvic fungus balls.

We report the first case of anuria in a 1-month-old male newborn associated with disseminated candidiasis. Anuria resulted from bilaterally obstructing Candida bezoars. Renal decompression was established with bilateral nephrostomy placement and the renal candidiasis was treated successfully with a combination of parenteral amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1980

Reflex anuria from unilateral ureteral obstruction.

A 20-year-old woman had 18 hours of pain and anuria associated with a calcium oxalate stone impacted in the distal left ureter. The stone passed spontaneously and the urine output returned. There was no abnormality of the right kidney on excretory urography. We believe that this is a cause of reflex anuria not previously described. Severe pain may be the initiating event in this unusual but interesting syndrome and mechanisms proposed by previous authors are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Anuria following silver nitrate irrigation for intractable bladder hemorrhage.

Intravesical silver nitrate has been used for intractable bladder hemorrhage. A case of anuria resulting from this technique is reported. The etiology of anuria in this patient was probably owing to obstruction from deposition of silver salts. The level of obstruction was the ureterovesical junction on 1 side and the collecting ducts at the renal papillae on the other side. Therapy consisted of vigorous endoscopic evacuation of deposited silver salts from the bladder and hemodialysis with good results.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Unilateral renal agenesis presenting as anuria.

The most common cause of sudden and total cessation of urine output is obstructive uropathy, usually at the bladder outlet. Bilateral ureteral obstruction is a much less common cause of anuria. In additioh, unilateral obstruction in the presence of a solitary kidney must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Primary renal parenchymal disorders and pre-renal azotemia occasionally may be anuric but more commonly are oliguric. A case of unilateral renal agenesis presenting as anuria and obstruction of the solitary kidney is described.

Anuria↗
PubMed1993

Reflex anuria and uremia from unilateral ureteral obstruction.

A 59-year-old man had anuria of 32 hours' duration that was associated with unilateral calculous ureteral obstruction. Retrograde pyelography showed a normal contralateral collecting system. Initial technetium pentetate (DTPA) scanning showed diminished uptake of radioactivity by the unobstructed kidney compared with the obstructed kidney, whereas a follow-up study, after relief of ureteral obstruction, showed a reversal of this pattern. Previously reported cases of "reflex anuria" are reviewed along with the relevant experimental literature. Vascular or ureteral spasm related in part to abnormality of the autonomic nervous system may underlie this rare entity.

Anuria↗
PubMed1990

Bromate intoxication: hairdressers' anuria.

A 17-year-old hairdresser developed sodium bromate poisoning after drinking a cup of hair neutralizer in a suicide attempt. She presented 1 week later with anuria, required hemodialysis for 5 days, and subsequently recovered. Sensorineural hearing loss, often a characteristic finding, was absent. Early diagnosis of bromate intoxication requires an appreciation that it commonly occurs in hairdressers, may be accompanied by deafness, and may present with insidious anuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Anuria resulting from extrinsic ureteral compression.

Two recent patients presenting with anuria due to abdominal aortic aneurysm and metastatic retroperitoneal tumor and illustrating this dramatic aspect of obstructive uropathy, provide the basis for this paper. Other reported causes of ureteral compression resulting in anuria are mentioned; these include billharzial strictures, iatrogenic ligatures, idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, primary retroperitoneal tumors, and perirenal lymphocele.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

Prolonged anuria after failed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in a kidney transplant patient solved by surgery.

We present the case of a 21-year-old transplanted female patient who presented with anuria due to a renal artery stenosis secondary to a failed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The interest is that, to our knowledge, it is the longest case (220 days) reported in the literature of anuria in these conditions solved by surgery with an immediate urine output recovery. We report the underlying pathophysiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Ureteral endometriosis in a female patient presenting with single-kidney anuria.

Endometriosis affecting the urinary tract is very rare. We report on a female patient with a single kidney who presented with anuria due to ureteral endometriosis. Initially a limited ureterectomy with an end-to-end anastomosis was performed. After removing the stent, endometriosis recurred. On reexploration, the terminal ureter was removed and the sound end reimplanted into the urinary bladder. A salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and danazol 400 mg twice daily was started, with very satisfactory results. Endometriosis on a single acquired ureter causing anuria has, to our knowledge, not been reported previously. The modality of treatment is local excision, oophorectomy, and danazol.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Anuria in childhood due to bilateral urolithiasis. A report of four cases.

Four children with anuria due to occlusion of both ureters by calculi are presented. A plain film of the abdomen revealed faintly radiopaque urinary calculi bilaterally in three patients. In the fourth case, one calculus was visualized in the right ureter, but further contralateral exploration showed an obstructing ureteral calculus in the left ureter as well. It is concluded that in children with acute anuria, the possibility of bilateral ureteral obstruction due to calculi should be the physician's first consideration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Postpartum anuria caused by silent bilateral nephrolithiasis.

A case of remarkable silent anuria caused by bilateral nephrolithiasis in the post-partum period is reported. The anuria was not associated with any kind of pain and the diagnosis was not revealed until three days postpartum when an intravenous pyelography was carried out. Differential diagnosis and management of nephrolithiasis are discussed. Ultrasound scanning is recommended as a routine procedure for all patients with signs and symptoms of renal dysfunction during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Giant vesical calculas and anuria.

A 50-year-old fisherman developed uremia and anuria, due to a giant vesical calculus. He was treated with suprapubic lithotomy, and a calculus weighing 1 640 g was removed. This may be the largest calculus ever removed with recovery of the patient. No other reports of giant stones leading to anuria has been found in the available literature. More than 4 years later an inoperable carcinoma of the bladder was discovered. The long delay in diagnosis of the giant stone, as later of the carcinoma, was due to the patient's lack of confidence in doctors and hospitals.

Anuria↗