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Science, alchemy and light: paintings by Joseph Wright of Derby.

This article considers two paintings by the English painter, Joseph Wright of Derby (1734-97), 'An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump' and 'The Alchemist in Search of the Philosopher's Stone' as painterly reflections on the early industrial culture. Particularly interesting in the "Experiment on a Bird" is the broad spectrum of spectator's reactions to the experiment; this can be related to the contemporary debate on the contextualization of science.

Alchemy↗

[The conscious of mutual infiltration of nature of things (Cmnn) and alchemy and swallowing stone].

By Cmnn, it refers to an idea that a matter can possess the nature of another matter completely irrelevant to the former one. This idea consistently played an important role in the pursuing of selection of longevity medicines in ancient time. Through this idea, the alchemists connected the life activity of the human body to the natural materials like gold and cinnabar to reinforce their belief of longevity.

Alchemy↗

[A manuscript with illustrations and equipment of alchemy in the 14th century].

Manuscript 1122 Trinity College Cambridge was written in Latin in England in the late 13th century. Page 120verso shows drawings with descriptions of alchemistic vessels and apparatus. These descriptions have been deciphered, translated into German and commented on. Unlike many comments in literature relating to these drawings they neither go back to Artefius or Alphidius nor are they part of the paper "clavis sapientiae". They were drawn up by an unknown hand in the late 14th century on the empty page 120verso of the older manuscript 1122. The drawings show a great variety of vessels and apparatus of highly sophisticated design. It is clear that they are based on older, professional sources. The descriptions in many cases go back to Arab designations, which were later lost. In many cases, archaeological finds confirm the actual existence of the vessels shown in the manuscript, so that we can assume that the drawings represent reality. Thus the drawings can help to interpret finds in storerooms of museums which up to now have not been identified, or recently excavated parts or fragments.

Alchemy↗