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PubMed1991

Detection of toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin-G: assessment of a slide agglutination test.

The performance of a slide agglutination test for detection of toxoplasma-specific IgG was assessed and compared with that of the dye test and latex agglutination test. The slide agglutination test was as sensitive as, and more specific than, latex agglutination. The predictive value of a negative slide agglutination test was less than the latex agglutination test but produced results within minutes, although quantitative results were not comparable to other assays. Slide agglutination presents a rapid alternative to the latex agglutination test as a screening assay for toxoplasmosis, although patients at risk of life-threatening infection require detailed serological examination using additional methods.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Faecal occult blood testing: comparison of a latex agglutination test (Hemolex) and an immunoturbidimetric test (QuikRead FOB)].

UNLABELLED: Occult blood detection is the most prescribed faecal examination. AIM: To compare results obtained with the latex agglutination test Hémolex LA (Orion diagnostica, Finlande) with those given by an immuno-turbidimetric test which allows an automatic reading (QuikRead FOB, Orion diagnostica, Finlande). MATERIAL AND METHODS: this prospective study was carried out in 140 patients. The reference method was the latex agglutination test, Hemolex LA performed on stool extract obtained through weighting samples. On the base of the results, samples were separated into 2 groups: positive (n = 45) and negative (n = 95). As the QuikRead FOB test indicated a stool extract obtained through a sampling set, such an extraction was performed before Hemolex LA et QuikRead FOB testing. RESULTS: all the 95 samples from the negative group gave similar results with the 3 methods. In contrast, 12/45 of the positive samples gave conflicting results, 11 results were negative with the 2 tests performed on stool extract obtained via sampling set, 1 result was negative with the QuikRead FOB method only. DISCUSSION: analytical performance were similar with the 2 methods and discrepancies observed wi-thin the positive group were mainly related to the extraction method.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Serological diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi (Steel, 1885) in horses using a direct agglutination test.

A direct agglutination test is described to diagnose 'Mal de Caderas' caused by Trypanosoma evansi. The antigen used was a suspension of trypsin-treated parasites stabilized with formalin. The test was evaluated in horses with both natural and experimental infections. Test sensitivity and specificity were 94 and 97%, respectively. Treatment of serum with 2-mercaptoethanol before testing permitted the differentiation of IgM and IgG antibodies, and possible differentiation of current infection from past exposure to the parasite. The antigen was stable over a 6-month evaluation period and also showed good reproducibility between different batches. The direct agglutination test is proposed as another tool for diagnosis of T. evansi in horses, both for detecting clinical cases and for seroepidemiological studies.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1996

Serotyping of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 strains using a monoclonal-based polystyrene agglutination test.

A polystyrene agglutination test has been developed for serotyping Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5a and 5b strains. Protein A-coated polystyrene microparticles were sensitized with a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope on serotype 5 LPS-O chain as shown by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. A total of 205 A. pleuropneumoniae, strains including all 12 serotype reference strains and 13 strains representing 8 common bacterial species associated with swine or related to A. pleuropneumoniae, were tested by mixing 25 microL of polystyrene reagent with the same volume of a dense suspension of bacterial cells grown for 18 h. All A. pleuropneumoniae strains had been previously serotyped using standard procedures. The polystyrene agglutination test was rapid (less than 3 min) and easy to perform. Overall a very good correlation (97.3%) with the standard techniques was found. The sensitized polystyrene particles were stable for at least 6 mo.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1980

Prediction of bladder tumor invasion with the mixed cell agglutination test.

The mixed cell agglutination test was used to investigate 30 patients with initially superficial (stage 0 to A) transitional cell bladder tumors who had been followed a minimum of 5 years, until cystectomy or until death in an effort to select those patients who would suffer invasive disease. All tumor-bearing tissue was coded and studied without knowledge of the blood type or clinical status of the patient. Of the 15 patients with a negative mixed cell agglutination test 9 (60%) suffered invasive disease. None of the patients with a positive mixed cell agglutination test had invasive disease. The ultimate outcome then was predicted correctly in 24 of 30 patients (80%) (p less than 0.001). When the mixed cell agglutination test is positive it is associated with a good prognosis, while the majority of patients with a negative test are destined to suffer invasive disease.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

Development of a simple serological method for diagnosing leptospirosis: a microcapsule agglutination test.

A passive microcapsule agglutination test for the diagnosis of leptospirosis was developed by utilizing chemically stable microcapsules instead of sheep erythrocytes. In the test, sonically disrupted antigens of leptospira were sensitized to microcapsules treated with glutaraldehyde. Compared with the microscopic agglutination test, the passive microcapsule agglutination test showed a relatively genus-specific tendency and a 4- to 32-fold-higher sensitivity. The sensitized microcapsule antigens were stable for at least 1 year. The microcapsules coupled with mixed antigens can be used as a serodiagnostic screening test for diseases caused by various types of leptospira. The test, which is very simple and reproducible and requiring no specific training, can be employed easily as a routine test in diagnostic laboratories.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

P-fimbriae of pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli: detection in clinical material by a rapid receptor-specific agglutination test.

A slide agglutination test to detect P-fimbriated Escherichia coli was developed by attaching glycosides containing the relevant receptor structure (alpha-D-Galp-(1-4)-beta-D-Galp) to particles. A suspension of these particles agglutinates within ten seconds when mixed with P-fimbriated bacteria. The test is named the P-specific particle agglutination test (PPA test). The PPA test is more sensitive than the haemagglutination assays previously used. The exclusive specificity of the PPA test also allows the detection of P-fimbriae on strains which additionally possess other fimbriae (e.g. X-fimbriae). Using this test, the frequency of P-fimbriated E. coli in children with acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis was shown to exceed 95%. In lower urinary tract infections the frequency of P-fimbriated E. coli was approximately 20%. Moreover, children with acute pyelonephritis were also found to be heavily colonized in both the periurethral area and the intestine with the identical P-fimbriated E. coli strain.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Serogrouping of Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis by the agglutination test.

The agglutination technique was used to establish a serological classification scheme for 98 strains of Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis isolated from clinical specimens and normal human feces. Absorbed antisera were prepared to seven strains of B. fragilis subsp. fragilis. These seven absorbed antisera were species as well as subspecies specific and provided the basis of the serological classification scheme. This scheme was composed of 21 serogroups; seven of these serogroups contained only one group component. There was a total of 45 serological patterns. This serological scheme may be used for the serological classification of strains of B. fragilis subsp. fragilis and to study the epidemiology of this organism.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Serogrouping of Bacteroides vulgatus by the agglutination test.

The agglutination technique was used to establish a serological classification scheme for Bacteroides vulgatus strains isolated from normal human feces and clinical specimens, especially from ulcerative colitis patients. Absorbed antisera to 10 strains of B. vulgatus were prepared. These 10 absorbed antisera were species specific. Of 90 B. vulgatus strains tested, 55 (61%) were agglutinated by one or more of these 10 absorbed antisera. A total of 27 serological patterns were grouped into 18 serogroups; 10 of these serogroups contained only one group component, whereas the other 8 serogroups were composed of more than one component. This serological classification could be used to study the epidemiology of this organism.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Diagnosis of snake venoms by a reverse latex agglutination test.

A reverse latex agglutination test using protein A column purified rabbit antivenom IgG-sensitized latex particles was developed for the detection of the six medically important snake venoms of Thailand. The detection limit of the reverse latex agglutination test was 0.16 to 1.2 micrograms/mL of crude venoms. Cross-reactions with heterologous venoms were observed at concentrations 460 to 16000 times that of homologous venoms. Detection of various snake venoms in clinical specimens was carried out by the reverse latex agglutination test. The sensitivity was 52.5% of the 59 serum samples. There was one (1.69%) false positive sample. The positive detection of venom in wound swabs (26 cases) was 38.5% and was not statistically different from that observed in paired serum samples. Interference from human plasma, serum and urine on the reverse latex agglutination test could be eliminated by adsorption with normal rabbit IgG-coated latex suspension or by heat inactivation at 56 degrees C for 30 min. Prozone effect observed in some sera was eliminated by heat inactivation at 56 degrees C for 30 min. The sensitized latex particles were stable at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C for at least 3 months. Cycles of freezing-thawing and lyophilization did not change their reactivities. The total test time was about 40 min.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1983

Agglutination tests and their modifications in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

This article reviews the effects of using Yersinia enterocolitica serotype: 09 somatic antigen in diagnostic tests for brucellosis. The tests employed include the standard tube agglutination test, the microplate agglutination test, the quantitative plate agglutination test, the growth agglutination test and the indirect hemagglutination technique. Only the growth agglutination technique demonstrated an increased sensitivity over the STAT. Neither the microplate agglutination test nor quantitative plate tests offered any significant advantages over the STAT. The QPAT using Brucella O antigen was clearly subject to false negative results. The indirect hemagglutination technique showed extreme variation in results, the significance of which (if any) was unclear.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Autoimmune neutropenia in infancy due to anti-NA1 antibody: detection of antibody with immunofluorescence and agglutination test.

The sera from two patients with chronic neutropenia in infancy were examined for the presence of antineutrophil antibodies and their specificity against neutrophil antigen by using granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test and microleukocyte agglutination test. In the microleukocyte agglutination test, the patients' sera reacted with neutrophils from their parents and normal unrelated donors having the neutrophil antigen NA1, but not with neutrophils from NA1- donors. After the absorption of patients' sera with NA1+ neutrophils, the antibody activity was completely abolished, resulting in the confirmation of the anti-NA1 antibody. In contrast, the granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test showed positive reactions against both NA1+ and NA1- neutrophils, and the specificity for anti-NA1 was found in the results of the sera absorbed with NA1+ neutrophils. This suggested that the absorption experiment might be necessary to determine the specificity of the antibody for neutrophil antigen. Thus, we confirmed two cases with autoimmune neutropenia caused by anti-NA1 antibody. A combination of agglutination and immunofluorescence techniques would be recommended for investigation of neutrophil antibodies against the neutrophil-specific antigen.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1997

Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. IV. The humoral response of Cebus apella (Primates: Cebidae) to infections of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, L. (Viannia) lainsoni and L. (V.) braziliensis using the direct agglutination test.

The direct agglutination test (DAT) was used to evaluate the serological response of 150 serum samples taken from 15 captive-bred capuchin monkeys Cebus apella. These animals had been experimentally infected with either L. (Leishmania) amazonensis, L. (Viannia) lainsoni or L. (V.) braziliensis. Monkeys infected with L. (L.) amazonensis or L. (V.) lainsoni were challenged with the homologous parasite one month after their spontaneous cure. DAT antigens were prepared from L. (L.) donovani, L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis. Antigens were difficult to standardise and it was impossible to produce an L. (V.) lainsoni antigen as parasites remained aggregated even after trypsinization. The DAT detected significant humoral responses in all the infected monkeys. Titres were higher when homologous antigens were used, especially in secondary responses. This suggests that homologous antigen should be used to detect antibodies in human cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Agglutination Tests↗