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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Continuous inhalation administration of surfactant-BL for control of adult respiratory distress syndrome after reconstruction of the abdominal aorta].

A 62-year-old patient with Leriche's syndrome and critical ischemia of the low extremities has undergone the surgery of aortofemoral grafting. A patient has developed the severe ARDS on the second day of reperfusion (bilateral diffuse infiltrates, PO2/FiO2 < 100, lung injury score was 3). Different ways of administration of bovine surfactant (SURFACTANT BL, Russia) were used during the treatment. Total application time was 84 hours, total dose was 4000 mg (50 mg/kg). Considerable improvement of lung function occurred after start of the continuous inhalation of surfactant with a constant rate of 63 mg/h. Two hours after this step PO2/FiO2 reached 400 mm Hg and remained stable 12 hours more, up to the end of surfactant administration. The patient was soon successfully extubated and discharged on the 25th day after surgery. It is supposed that in spite of a small total dose of bovine surfactant the success was achieved due to an early start of the surfactant replacement, continuous inhalation and its definite rate.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

KF19514, a phosphodieterase 4 and 1 inhibitor, inhibits PAF-induced lung inflammatory responses by inhaled administration in guinea pigs.

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors are well known for their inhibitory effect on bronchoconstriction and inflammation and may be promising anti-asthma drugs. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been proposed as an inflammatory mediator to be relevant to asthma. It causes bronchoconstriction, airway microvascular leakage, inflammatory cell accumulation in the lung and hyperresponsiveness. In this study, we therefore have investigated the anti-asthmatic effects of the inhaled KF19514 [5-phenyl-3'-(3-pyridyl)methyl-3H-imidazo(4,5-c)(1,8) naphthyridin-4(5H)-one], a PDE 4 and 1 inhibitor, on PAF-induced lung inflammatory responses in guinea pigs. The inhaled KF19514 (0.0001-0.01%) significantly inhibited PAF-induced eosinophil and neutrophil accumulation into the airway and hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. The IC50 value of KF19514 against eosinophil accumulation was 14.8 microM (0.00063%). Moreover, the effect of KF19514 on the electrical field stimulation-induced bronchial contraction was examined using the main bronchi of guinea pigs in vitro. KF19514 inhibited both cholinergic and tachykininergic contraction and, in particular, produced a potent inhibitory effect on tachykininergic contraction (IC50 = 0.49 microM). The mechanism by which KF19514 inhibited the PAF-induced hyperresponsiveness may in part be the suppression of the tachykinin release. Based on these results, it was demonstrated that the inhaled KF19514 might have a significant potential effect on the inflammatory cell accumulation and hyperresponsiveness induced by PAF.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1990

[Automated system for the inhalation administration of anesthetics in a closed circuit].

A rebreathing closed-circuit (Dräger) has been modified adjoining an automated device to inject volatile anaesthetics, thus replacing the usual vaporizer. The input of anaesthetic drug is separated from that of fresh gases: its rate of administration can thus be maintained precisely. This apparatus leads to obtain and maintain any desired concentration of the required anaesthetic. In our experiences, this device allows for a very satisfactory regulation of the alveolar concentration of the volatile anaesthetic. In addition, this apparatus is able to measure the injected volume of liquid anaesthetic and includes several devices aimed at increasing both safety and versatility.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1976

Radip induction of ether anaesthesia and controlled maintenacne by a combination of intravenous and inhalation administration without the risk of explosion.

The induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with ether using a combined intravenous infusion and a constant low inspired concentration are discribed. Predictions from a mathematical model were checked against animal experiments. Anaesthesia occurred within 5 min. The mehtod obviates the need for explosive mixtures.

Anesthesia, Endotracheal↗
PubMed1970

Pulmonary absorption and retention of kanamycin after repeated inhalation administration of kanamycin aerosol.

The absorption and retention of kanamycin by the pulmonary system was evaluated after aerosol administration to rats. Tissue level concentrations of the drug were assayed by the agar-plate bioassay method. Mean concentrations of 6.58 mug/g and 3.52 mug/g were found in the lung and kidney homogenates, respectively, 26 hr after the final exposure period. No detectable level was found in the plasma.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

[Determination of bronchial reactivity by inhalation administration of cold air and pharmacologically active substances].

The indications for testing of nonspecific bronchial reactivity and the factors influencing the airway responsiveness are presented. In order to achieve a better quantification of airway responsiveness two new techniques are shortly reviewed: 1. Estimation of accumulative dose by using a combined method of bronchial provocation and simultaneous measurement of airway resistance and 2. Eucapnic cold airway hyperventilation, especially in suspected clinical cases of exercise-induced asthma.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activation of the fibrinolytic system following subcutaneous administration and inhalation of heparin].

Heparin was administered to 113 patients at risk of thrombosis classified to abdominal surgery either alone (subcutaneously or in inhalation) or in combination with anabolic steroid (nandrolone). No pharmaco-prophylaxis was used in 10 patients. On the day of surgery, heparin activated plasma fibrinolytic activity, prior to an introduction to anesthesia. Measurements of euglobulins clot lysis have shown an increase in endogenous fibrinolytic activity dependent and independent on Hageman's factor and an increase in exogenous fibrinolysis, tested after venous stasis was produced. Heparin had profibrinolytic activity, stimulating plasminogen activators in the blood plasma without the signs of hyperplasminemia. Fibrinolytic system response was the same following subcutaneous injection and heparin inhalations. Administration of heparin combined with anabolic steroid has no additional effect on plasma fibrinolytic activity.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Prehospital administration of inhaled metaproterenol.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: We conducted a study of the prehospital use of inhaled metaproterenol. DESIGN, SETTING, TYPE OF PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Advanced life support (ALS) providers were trained with a standardized curriculum to identify patients likely to benefit from prehospital inhaled metaproterenol administration. Unit doses of metaproterenol were used in a small-volume nebulizer. We prospectively included 122 patients in an initial study (71 men; age, 63 +/- 19 years) to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of metaproterenol in the field, and 150 patients (including the original 122) in an additional study to evaluate patient selection criteria. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The treatments resulted in an increase in peak flows, a decrease in respiratory rates, and no change in heart rates. In 62% of patients, the increase in peak flow exceeded 15%. Wheezing improved in 59% of the patients, worsened in 4%, and did not change in the remainder. Air entry by auscultation improved subjectively in 59% of patients. Mild tremor occurred in 8% of patients, moderate tremor occurred in 1%, and no tremor occurred in the remainder. Significant dysrhythmias did not occur. CONCLUSIONS: ALS providers correctly identified patients for this therapy. No technical problems were encountered in the field with this treatment approach. We conclude that ALS providers can be taught to identify patients likely to benefit from inhaled metaproterenol, that inhaled metaproterenol can be administered in the field, and that metaproterenol is both safe and effective when used in the prehospital setting.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2005

Hemodynamic effects of sildenafil in patients with congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension: combined administration with inhaled nitric oxide.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: In patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to congestive heart failure, inhaled nitric oxide (NO) increases pulmonary vascular smooth-muscle intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentration, thereby decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increasing cardiac index (CI). However, these beneficial effects of inhaled NO are limited in magnitude and duration, at least in part due to cGMP hydrolysis by the type 5 isoform of phosphodiesterase (PDE5). The goal of this study was to determine the acute pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic effects of the selective PDE5 inhibitor, sildenafil, administered alone or in combination with inhaled NO in patients with congestive heart failure and PH. DESIGN: Single center, case series, pharmacohemodynamic study. SETTING: Cardiac catheterization laboratory of a tertiary care academic teaching hospital. PATIENTS: We studied 11 patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to coronary artery disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy who had PH. INTERVENTIONS: We administered oral sildenafil (50 mg), inhaled NO (80 ppm), and the combination of sildenafil and inhaled NO during right-heart and micromanometer left-heart catheterization. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sildenafil administered alone decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure by 12 +/- 5%, PVR by 12 +/- 5%, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by 13 +/- 6%, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by 12 +/- 7%, and increased CI by 14 +/- 5% (all p < 0.05) [+/- SEM]. The combination of inhaled NO and sildenafil decreased PVR by 50 +/- 4%, decreased SVR by 24 +/- 3%, and increased CI by 30 +/- 4% (all p < 0.01). These effects were greater than those observed with either agent alone (p < 0.05). In addition, sildenafil prolonged the pulmonary vasodilator effect of inhaled NO. Administration of sildenafil alone or in combination with inhaled NO did not change systemic arterial pressure or indexes of myocardial systolic or diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS: PDE5 inhibition with sildenafil improves cardiac output by balanced pulmonary and systemic vasodilation, and augments and prolongs the hemodynamic effects of inhaled NO in patients with chronic congestive heart failure and PH.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Inhaled bronchodilator administration during mechanical ventilation.

Inhaled bronchodilators are routinely administered to mechanically ventilated patients to relieve dyspnea and reverse bronchoconstriction. A lower percentage of the nominal dose reaches the lower respiratory tract in a mechanically ventilated patient than in a nonintubated subject, but attention to device selection, administration technique, dosing, and patient-ventilator interface can increase lower-respiratory-tract deposition in a mechanically ventilated patient. Assessing the airway response to bronchodilator by measuring airway resistance and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure helps guide dosing and timing of drug delivery. Selecting the optimal aerosol-generating device for a mechanically ventilated patient requires consideration of the ease, reliability, efficacy, safety, and cost of administration. With careful attention to administration technique, bronchodilator via metered-dose inhaler or nebulizer can be safe and effective with mechanically ventilated patients.

Administration, Inhalation↗