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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Evaluation of Sensititre automated reading and incubation system for automated reading of Sensititre broth microdilution susceptibility plates.

The Sensititre Automated Reading and Incubation System (ARIS) performs automated reading of Sensititre identification and susceptibility plates. ARIS susceptibility results were compared to manually read results. A total of 212 isolates (3352 organism-antimicrobial agent combinations) yielded 99.4% essential agreement and categorical error rates of 0.2% minor, 0% major, and 1.0% very major. ARIS yields accurate susceptibility results compared to plates read manually.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Will we see automated record keeping systems in common use in anesthesia during our lifetime? The automated anesthetic record is inevitable and valuable.

The automated anesthetic record is inevitable for at least three reasons: First, much of the information is in electronic form. Second, all the necessary tools for transferring this information into a computer and hence onto a piece of paper are already available. Third, the need for an improvement over the current way of keeping records is widely recognized. Manual records are often inaccurate, biased, incomplete, and illegible, and they divert attention from more important tasks of the anesthetist. Although automated record keeping will not produce perfection, it will improve the situation enough to justify the effort.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2002

Structure and function evaluation (SAFE): I. criteria for glaucomatous visual field loss using standard automated perimetry (SAP) and short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP).

PURPOSE: To develop criteria for detecting glaucomatous visual field loss for standard automated perimetry (SAP) and short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP). DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. METHODS: Three populations were evaluated: (1) 348 normal subjects (348 eyes) were tested to develop normative databases and statistical analysis packages for SAP and SWAP. (2) An independent group of 47 normal subjects (94 eyes) with 4 years of longitudinal follow-up was evaluated to determine specificity of different criteria. (3) A group of 298 patients (479 eyes) with elevated intraocular pressure and normal baseline SAP visual fields were evaluated to determine the sensitivity of different criteria for detecting early glaucomatous visual field loss. RESULTS: Six criteria demonstrated high specificity for correctly identifying eyes with normal visual fields (98%-100%) for both SAP and SWAP: (1) a pattern standard deviation (PSD) worse than the normal 1% level, (2) a glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) "outside normal limits," (3) one hemifield cluster worse than the normal 1% level, (4) two hemifield clusters worse than the normal 5% level, (5) four abnormal (P <.05) locations, (6) five abnormal locations (P <.05) on the pattern deviation probability plot. For all criteria, confirmation on a second visual field was required for high specificity. The GHT "outside normal limits," two hemifield clusters worse than the normal 5% level and four abnormal (P <.05) test locations on the pattern deviation probability plot provided the highest percentages of conversion from a normal to a glaucomatous visual field. CONCLUSIONS: Criteria based on the GHT, GHT hemifield clusters, and the pattern deviation probability plot provide high sensitivity and specificity for detecting early glaucomatous visual field changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Fully automated sample handling system for liquid chromatography based on pre-column technology and automated cartridge exchange.

The design of an automated cartridge exchange module for on-line sample handling in liquid chromatography is described. When combined with a low-cost purge pump, a solvent selection valve and an auto-sampler, a fully automated sample handling system is obtained. Samples are sorbed on a disposable cartridge packed with 40 micron octyl-bonded silica, purged for clean-up and eluted on-line to the analytical column. Unattended operation of the system is demonstrated for various examples, i.e., the determination of anti-epileptic drugs in serum, an anti-cancer drug in plasma, barbiturates in urine, phenylurea herbicides in river water and caffeine in a soft drink.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed2001

Effective object recognition for automated counting of colonies in Petri dishes (automated colony counting).

Determination of the number of colonies (colony forming units, CFU) is a standard method in microbiological analysis to ensure the quality of drinking water. Normally this tedious work is still performed manually. A PC-based method for the automated counting of digitized images of Petri dishes is presented. The method includes highly specific and effective object recognition algorithms that ensure very high detection accuracy. The processing sequence implies internal controls therefore enabling reliable automated evaluations of series of images. Use of the Fuzzy formalism and the high adaptivity of the algorithms lead to an extraordinary user-friendliness. For digitization different devices like flatbed scanners or CCD-cameras can be used. Due to the highly adaptive algorithms samples from the routine standard preparation process in laboratories can be evaluated. The accuracy and quality of the method aim at advancement in objectivity of colony counting and quality control and assurance. The algorithms and the evaluation of the method are presented.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2000 for Automated External Defibrillation. A statement from the Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation Working Group(1) and approved by the Executive Committee of the European Resuscitation Council.

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) last issued guidelines for Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) in 1998 [1]. The American Heart Association, together with representatives from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), then undertook a series of evidence-based evaluations of the science of resuscitation [2] which culminated in the publication of "Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care" in August 2000 [3,4]. The Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation Working Group (BLS&AED Working Group of the ERC) has considered this document and has recommended changes in the ERC AED guidelines. These are presented in this paper.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Towards an automated virtual slide screening: theoretical considerations and practical experiences of automated tissue-based virtual diagnosis to be implemented in the Internet.

AIMS: To develop and implement an automated virtual slide screening system that distinguishes normal histological findings and several tissue--based crude (texture-based) diagnoses. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Virtual slide technology has to handle and transfer images of GB Bytes in size. The performance of tissue based diagnosis can be separated into a) a sampling procedure to allocate the slide area containing the most significant diagnostic information, and b) the evaluation of the diagnosis obtained from the information present in the selected area. Nyquist's theorem that is broadly applied in acoustics, can also serve for quality assurance in image information analysis, especially to preset the accuracy of sampling. Texture-based diagnosis can be performed with recursive formulas that do not require a detailed segmentation procedure. The obtained results will then be transferred into a "self-learning" discrimination system that adjusts itself to changes of image parameters such as brightness, shading, or contrast. METHODS: Non-overlapping compartments of the original virtual slide (image) will be chosen at random and according to Nyquist's theorem (predefined error-rate). The compartments will be standardized by local filter operations, and are subject for texture analysis. The texture analysis is performed on the basis of a recursive formula that computes the median gray value and the local noise distribution. The computations will be performed at different magnifications that are adjusted to the most frequently used objectives (*2, *4.5, *10, *20, *40). The obtained data are statistically analyzed in a hierarchical sequence, and in relation to the clinical significance of the diagnosis. RESULTS: The system has been tested with a total of 896 lung cancer cases that include the diagnoses groups: cohort (1) normal lung--cancer; cancer subdivided: cohort (2) small cell lung cancer--non small cell lung cancer; non small cell lung cancer subdivided: cohort (3) squamous cell carcinoma--adenocarcinoma--large cell carcinoma. The system can classify all diagnoses of the cohorts (1) and (2) correctly in 100%, those of cohort (3) in more than 95%. The percentage of the selected area can be limited to only 10% of the original image without any increased error rate. CONCLUSION: The developed system is a fast and reliable procedure to fulfill all requirements for an automated "pre-screening" of virtual slides in lung pathology.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

[Comparison of SKP (semi-automated kinetic perimetry) and SASP (suprathreshold automated static perimetry) techniques in patients with advanced glaucoma].

PURPOSE: To compare the results of conventional suprathresold automated static perimetry (SASP) and a new method of kinetic visual field examination (semi-automated kinetic perimetry--SKP) in patients with advanced retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects, caused by glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nineteen patients (10 women and 9 men) suffering from advanced open-angle glaucoma (17 patients) and low tension glaucoma (2 patients) were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 65.3 years (range 49.0-82.9 years). One eye of each subject was examined with SKP and SASP, both implemented in Octopus 101 perimeter (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) on the same day. The examiner using SKP did not know the SASP results. The static visual field examination was performed first. In order to compare visual fields results obtained with both methods, only central 30 degree area of the visual fields was taken into consideration. The area obtained by creating a virtual isopter (option of SKP software) located between the position of defective and intact visual field regions of SASP and the area of I4e isopter obtained with SKP (stimulus angular velocity 3 degrees/s) were measured in deg2 and compared. RESULTS: The mean area (+/-SD) of I4e isopter obtained with SKP was 1882 deg2 (+/- 510 deg2) and the mean area of SASP 30 degree visual field was 1737 deg2 (+/- 546 deg2). This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Quantitative comparison of static and kinetic perimetry is a difficult task to perform. The SKP software offers a possibility of direct quantitative assessment of the area of each isopters in deg2. This study shows that the results of visual field examinations obtained with both methods in this group do not differ significantly between SASP and SKP.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[A comparative analysis of standard automated perimetry and short wavelength automated perimetry in early diagnosis of glaucoma].

PURPOSE: To assess the concordance between standard automated perimetry (SAP) and short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP). To analyze comparatively the early detection and the extent of visual field defects in glaucoma suspects and in early glaucoma. METHOD: A prospective, randomized study that included 55 patients (107 eyes), glaucoma suspects or with early glaucoma who were randomly subject to both SAP and SWAP; the examinations were repeated at 3 and 6 months in order to establish that the visual field defects were real. The studied parameters were the mean value of MD and PSD in the two techniques, the correlation between the results (global and on patients subgroups), the percentage of patients in which the defects were larger, deeper or new defects were found when examined in SWAP. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the MD value between the two methods (-3.42 +/- 5.17 dB in SWAP, -2.83 +/- 4.84 dB in SAP, p = 0.14); the PSD value was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in SWAP (3.63 +/- 1.36 dB) than in SAP (2.66 +/- 1.97 dB). There was a high correlation of the MD and PSD values between the two techniques; the highest correlation appeared in POAG patients. The SWAP test has evidenced visual field defects in 10.1% of eyes with normal SAP tests and also larger and deeper defects in 18.7% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The SWAP and SAP results were concordant; the visual field defects were earlier detected, appeared larger and deeper in SWAP than in SAP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the semi-automated Autosperm semen analysis system. I. Accuracy and comparison with the conventional method and the automated Hamilton-Thorn system.

The accuracy of measurements by the semi-automated Autosperm (Amsaten N.V.S.A. Corp., DePinte, Belgium) semen analysis system was assessed by recounting and manually tracking sperm recorded on videotape during analysis of 51 ejaculates. Mean inaccuracies in the analysis of sperm concentration and percentage motility were 15% and 22%, respectively. Measurements of sperm movement characteristics relied on the skill of the operator and discrepancies (means around 10%, maximum 57% to 184%) depended on the straightness of sperm paths. Although less expensive than the fully automated system, semen analysis by Autosperm is a subjective and labor-intensive method. Furthermore in comparison, data obtained using Autosperm also provide less information, and agreements of matched data with those obtained by the conventional methods were not significantly better.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Indicators of mental status, catecholamine excretion, lipid metabolism and hemostasis in air-traffic controllers at automated and non-automated stations during their non-work days].

The changes reported during rest days among air-traffic controllers working at automated and non-automated stations demonstrated the similar degree of functional rehabilitation of the body systems, thus a positive impact of automatization on those working at specific air-traffic management stations being emphasized.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Automated flow cytometry compared with an automated dipstick reader for urinalysis.

Recently, the Sysmex UF-100 flow cytometer was developed to automate urinalysis. We compared UF-100 test results with those of an automated dipstick reader. A cross-check of UF-100, dipstick, and microscopic sediment data was performed in 1001 urine samples. Good agreements (P <0.001) were obtained between UF-100 and dipstick data for erythrocytes (r = 0.636) and leukocytes (r = 0.785). Even in urine with low conductivity, the UF-100 could detect lysed erythrocytes. The UF-100 bacterial count was higher among nitrite-positive urine samples (P <0.0001) and was positively correlated with the UF-100 leukocyte count (r = 0.745; P <0.001). In stored urine (24 h), bacterial counts increased, whereas the forward light scatter of leukocytes decreased (P <0.01). Casts and yeast cells reported by the UF-100 should be confirmed by microscopic review because false positives occurred. We suggest that a computer-assisted cross-check of UF-100 and dipstick data allows a clinically acceptable sieving system to reduce the workload of microscopic sediment urinalysis.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed2000

Liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for the analysis of a neurokinin-1 antagonist and its metabolite using automated solid-phase sample preparation and automated data handling and reporting.

Pharmacokinetic studies play a vital role during the development of new pharmaceutical substances. Data presented demonstrate an accurate, precise and robust assay for a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist and its metabolite with HPLC-MS-MS. Sample preparation is performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) in the 96-well plate format. This process is fully automated with a Tecan Genesis pipetting system using its standard robotic manipulator arm (ROMA). All instruments are fully integrated in a study oriented laboratory information system (LIMS) with an Oracle database that communicates bi-directional with the analytical equipment. Finally, the results are reported by push button operation.

Automation↗
PubMed1992

Fast systematic approach for the determination of drugs in biological fluids by fully automated high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line solid-phase extraction and automated cartridge exchange. Application to cebaracetam in human urine.

A fast stepwise systematic approach for the conversion of conventional reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assays involving liquid-liquid extraction of biological fluids into fully automated HPLC assays using solid-phase extraction and cartridge exchange is described. The suitability of this procedure is demonstrated for the determination of cebaracetam in human urine.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1994

Automated sequential trace enrichment of dialysates combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and automated heart-cutting for the determination of the nucleoside 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-(1-propynyl)uracil and its metabolite 5-propynyluracil in urine.

The use of a new configuration to control the automated sequential trace enrichment of dialysate (ASTED) system has been used to estimate 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-(1-propynyl)uracil and its metabolite 5-propynyluracil in urine. The system employs "heart-cutting" as a means to improve the efficiency of sample preparation and reduce analysis time. Using this technique the mean within- and between-run imprecision (coefficient of variation) at three different urine analyte concentrations was found to be 1.6 and 3.6% and 1.7 and 3.3% for 5-propynyluracil and 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-(1-propynyl)uracil, respectively.

Alkynes↗
PubMed1994

Automated high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of (-)-2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine in biological fluids using the automated sequential trace enrichment of dialysate systems.

A fully automated HPLC procedure was developed for the analysis of a small volume of perfusion solutions from an isolated perfused rat kidney study. The method involved separation of (-)-2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) from the matrix by dialysis with 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 3.0. 3TC was subsequently separated from the dialysate as it flowed through a SCX cation-exchange cartridge. The trapped 3TC was then eluted with a mobile phase of 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.5)-methanol (90.5:9.5, v/v) at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min for 2 min. The eluent was directed to the HPLC system and chromatographed with a BDS C18 analytical column at a temperature of 45 degrees C. Detection of 3TC was carried out by UV absorption at 274 nm. The procedure was validated from 25 to 10,000 ng/ml. Coefficients of variance (C.V.) of 3TC quality control samples were less than 9%. C.V.s of the standard curve samples were also less than 10% except for the 25 ng/ml samples (11.5%). The mean interpolated concentrations were within 8% of the nominal concentrations for all samples. No interference from concurrent drugs was observed. Preliminary results suggested that this procedure may also be used for human serum and urine samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Development of a laboratory robotic system for automated bioanalytical methods--II. A robot computer program for guarding totally automated bioanalytical methods.

The application of fully automated, unattended sample preparation performed by a laboratory robot for the analysis of drugs in biological samples requires the prevention of system failures which may arise in the on-line coupled chromatographic system or in other components of the robotic system. A computer program has been developed which can help to detect such problems. The control program for the robotic sample preparation contains a number of safety measures to intercept robotic or human errors. A routine is implemented, guarding for chromatographic malfunctions and errors in dispensing liquids by the robot. After detection of trouble, sample preparation is interrupted.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Manual versus computer-automated semen analyses. Part II. Determination of the working range of a computer-automated semen analyzer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy and precision of a computer-automated semen analyzer (CASA; Hamilton-Thorne Research, Beverly, MA) over a wide range of sperm concentrations. DESIGN: Prospective study using comparative measurements of sperm concentration and motility were performed using manual and CASA methods of analyses. SETTING: A hospital-based Andrology laboratory. PATIENTS: Male partners of couples undergoing infertility evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements of sperm concentration in the range of 1 to 200 x 10(6)/mL were performed using hemacytometers and CASA-analyzed 20 MicroCell counting chambers (Conception Technologies, Inc., La Jolla, CA). Accuracy was assessed by comparison to the hemacytometer ("gold standard"). The MicroCell counting chambers also were used for manual and CASA sperm motility determinations. RESULTS: The CASA-analyzed 20 Microcell Chamber most precisely determined sperm concentration in the 1 to 200 x 10(6)/mL range (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94). The hemacytometer was least precise (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91). There was a high degree of correlation between the manually and CASA-analyzed MicroCell Chambers in the sperm concentration range of 20 to 149 x 10(6)/mL. Above and below this range, correlation was lower. Motility was determined most precisely using the CASA-analyzed 20 MicroCell Chamber. CONCLUSIONS: The Hamilton-Thorne CASA used with the 20 MicroCell Chamber is a precise and accurate method for determining sperm concentration and motility of semen specimens with concentrations in the 20 to 149 x 10(6)/mL range. This same combination of CASA and MicroCell Chamber provides precise sperm motility results.

Computers↗